Journal of African research in business & technology, May 4, 2020
To achieve high and sustainable economic growth, full employment and stable prices, countries are... more To achieve high and sustainable economic growth, full employment and stable prices, countries are using macroeconomic policies called; the fiscal and the monetary policies. Regarding the effectiveness of these theories, there are two different arguments; monetarists and Keynesian. The Keynesians argue that relative to the monetary policies, fiscal policies are more effective in influencing the economy especially during the liquidity trap. However, monetarists argue that money supply is the most significant driver of economic growth by influencing the households demand for goods, firms production and hence economic growth. Hence, monetarists believe that monetary policy is more effective than fiscal policy. Having the above contradicting ideas, using the Johansen cointegration approach, this study examined whether the fiscal or the monetary policy is more effective on the economic growth of Ethiopia for the period running from 1981 to 2008. The study shows that both fiscal and monetary policies have significantly increased the economic growth of Ethiopia. However, relative to the monetary policies, the fiscal policies are more effective. Finally, the study recommends that policy makers should focus on both policies to enhance the Ethiopian economy.
Les territoires au temps de la pandémie/ Expérimentations de transition écologique (vol. 2) Quels... more Les territoires au temps de la pandémie/ Expérimentations de transition écologique (vol. 2) Quels effets du grand confinement sur la santé et le bien-être des Français ? French people' well-being and health during the great lockdown
Les territoires au temps de la pandémie/ Expérimentations de transition écologique (vol. 2) Quels... more Les territoires au temps de la pandémie/ Expérimentations de transition écologique (vol. 2) Quels effets du grand confinement sur la santé et le bien-être des Français ? French people' well-being and health during the great lockdown
Statisztikai szemle: a Magyar Központi Statisztikai Hivatal folyóirata
A tanulmány célja, hogy egy 2003-ban készült lakossági felmérés eredményeit ismertesse. A kutatás... more A tanulmány célja, hogy egy 2003-ban készült lakossági felmérés eredményeit ismertesse. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy feltérképezze Magyarország államhatárai mentén (a határ mindkét oldalán) a helyi lakosság határral kapcsolatos képét. A kérdések négy nagy témakör köré csoportosultak: egyrészt a határral kapcsolatos általános attitűdre, másrészt a térségben működő, határon átnyúló együttműködésekkel kapcsolatos tájékozottságra, harmadrészt a határon keresztül történő mozgásra, negyedrészt a határ mentén élők életkörülményeire vonat-koztak. Az 1995 darab értékelhető kérdőív tapasztalatai alapján a gazdaságilag fejlettebb te-rületek közelsége kedvezően befolyásolja a lakosság határképét, a határon átnyúló egyéni szintű gazdasági kapcsolatokból (vásárlás, munkavállalás) mindkét oldal előnyösen részesedik. A hivatalos (különösen a regionális szintű) kapcsolatok ismertsége azonban elmarad a várttól. A demográfiai jellemzők közül egyedül az iskolai végzettség volt számottevő hatással a vá...
The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis (REH) suggests that when the government attempts to stimulat... more The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis (REH) suggests that when the government attempts to stimulate the economy by raising debt-financed government spending, consumption and demand do not increase but rather remain the same. The objective of this study is to test the existence of the REH in Ethiopia, using annual data from 1990 to 2011 and by employing the autoregressivedistributed lag cointegration approach. The study includes three variables (budget deficit, government consumption expenditure, and government debt) which contribute to the REH along with another variable. The results show that only the budget deficit and government consumption expenditure fulfil the REH. However, government debt fails to fulfil it. Thus, limited evidence of the existence of the REH is found in Ethiopia.
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm in which there is an increased r... more Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm in which there is an increased risk of thrombotic complications. The conventional thrombosis risk assessment of these patients is based on an age over 60 and a history of thrombosis. The aim of this report is to analyse the contribution of cardiovascular risk (CV) factors as possible additional thrombotic risk factors in the thrombotic complications seen in ET. One hundred and one ET patients (72 females and 29 males with a median age of 61 years) were enrolled between 1999 and 2011. Mann-Whitney and multivariate binary logistic regression tests were performed. The Kaplan-Meier method followed by the log-rank test was used to evaluate the probability of thrombosis-free survival. The presence of one or two or more CV risk factors significantly increased the risk of thrombosis. Separately, the contribution of high blood pressure and hyperlipidaemia proved to be influential, whereas tobacco use, diabetes mellitus and obes...
The attractiveness of regions and territories for firms, investments, tourists, students, talente... more The attractiveness of regions and territories for firms, investments, tourists, students, talented people, and other categories is a relevant issue for regional economic development, due to the increasing importance of the relationships and flows on the global scale. The growing concern about this question requires a new comprehensive analytical approach that goes beyond partial approaches. The construction of a synthetic index that measures the territorial attractiveness from a multidimensional perspective is the strategy presented in this work to deal with this issue from a new point of view. We first introduce and present our methodological approach for the construction of the synthetic index, which makes use of both qualitative (budget allocation process) and quantitative (factor analysis) techniques. Our synthetic index is based on the main indicators about incoming flows from abroad (FDIs, workers, tourists, university students). Secondly, we illustrate and discuss the results...
From geographical point of view, the farms are organic parts of the rural territories. Their situ... more From geographical point of view, the farms are organic parts of the rural territories. Their situation is double-faced, they are vulnerable because of their size and production capacity; but their opportunities in value creation based on local resources and leisure capacity can be transformed into advantages. The research aim was to have actual information about farms (abandoned level, infrastructure, farm types, development, European aid use, future prospects) and discover the mental cognition about farms through sketch maps made by the focus groups. Four focus groups (people living on farms, agriculture related people, and not related people subdivided to: rural and urban population) were involved. The differences of cog-nition can be observed on the drawings (elaboration, number of objects, and their relative location). Földrajzilag a tanyák a vidék szerves részét képezik. Helyzetük kettős, méretük és termelési kapacitásuk következtében sebezhetők, ugyanakkor a helyi erő-forrásokra és a szabadidős kapacitásokra támaszkodó értékteremtési lehetőségeik előnnyé válhatnak. A ku-tatás célja az aktuális információk szerzése (elhagya-tottság, infrastruktúra, típusok, fejlesztés, uniós tá-mogatás, jövőkép) mellett a tanyákról alkotott mentá-lis kép rögzítése különböző fókuszcsoportokban. Négy fókuszcsoportot vizsgáltunk: a tanyán élő em-bereket, a mezőgazdasághoz kötődő, illetve nem kö-tődő embereket (utóbbiakat lakóhely szerint további két csoportra bontva, rurális és városi lakosságra). Az érzékelésbeli különbségek megfigyelhetők a megkér-dezettek által a tanyákról készített rajzokon (kidolgo-zottság, objektumok száma) is.
Over the past few decades, Sub-Saharan African countries, in their bid to achieve economic growth... more Over the past few decades, Sub-Saharan African countries, in their bid to achieve economic growth and development have resorted to external borrowings, propelling them to the status of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC), when their debt reached unsustainable levels in the early 2000s. Unfortunately, the economies of these countries reported only steady growth with successive periods of high inflation and undesirable balance of payments deficits, leading scholars to ask whether external debt really can contribute to growth. At the same time, there is now considerable evidence that the build-up in debt was accompanied by increasing capital flight from the region. Employing Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation and datasets from 1990 to 2012, this paper investigated the apparent positive relationship between capital flight and external debt in Sub-Saharan Africa, taking Heavily Indebted Poor Countries in the region as a case study. The results revealed that external debt exerted a positive and statistically significant effect on capital flight both in short and long-run, suggesting that if foreign borrowing remains unchecked, it will continue to lead to massive capital outflow in Heavily Indebted Poor Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Journal of African research in business & technology, May 4, 2020
To achieve high and sustainable economic growth, full employment and stable prices, countries are... more To achieve high and sustainable economic growth, full employment and stable prices, countries are using macroeconomic policies called; the fiscal and the monetary policies. Regarding the effectiveness of these theories, there are two different arguments; monetarists and Keynesian. The Keynesians argue that relative to the monetary policies, fiscal policies are more effective in influencing the economy especially during the liquidity trap. However, monetarists argue that money supply is the most significant driver of economic growth by influencing the households demand for goods, firms production and hence economic growth. Hence, monetarists believe that monetary policy is more effective than fiscal policy. Having the above contradicting ideas, using the Johansen cointegration approach, this study examined whether the fiscal or the monetary policy is more effective on the economic growth of Ethiopia for the period running from 1981 to 2008. The study shows that both fiscal and monetary policies have significantly increased the economic growth of Ethiopia. However, relative to the monetary policies, the fiscal policies are more effective. Finally, the study recommends that policy makers should focus on both policies to enhance the Ethiopian economy.
Les territoires au temps de la pandémie/ Expérimentations de transition écologique (vol. 2) Quels... more Les territoires au temps de la pandémie/ Expérimentations de transition écologique (vol. 2) Quels effets du grand confinement sur la santé et le bien-être des Français ? French people' well-being and health during the great lockdown
Les territoires au temps de la pandémie/ Expérimentations de transition écologique (vol. 2) Quels... more Les territoires au temps de la pandémie/ Expérimentations de transition écologique (vol. 2) Quels effets du grand confinement sur la santé et le bien-être des Français ? French people' well-being and health during the great lockdown
Statisztikai szemle: a Magyar Központi Statisztikai Hivatal folyóirata
A tanulmány célja, hogy egy 2003-ban készült lakossági felmérés eredményeit ismertesse. A kutatás... more A tanulmány célja, hogy egy 2003-ban készült lakossági felmérés eredményeit ismertesse. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy feltérképezze Magyarország államhatárai mentén (a határ mindkét oldalán) a helyi lakosság határral kapcsolatos képét. A kérdések négy nagy témakör köré csoportosultak: egyrészt a határral kapcsolatos általános attitűdre, másrészt a térségben működő, határon átnyúló együttműködésekkel kapcsolatos tájékozottságra, harmadrészt a határon keresztül történő mozgásra, negyedrészt a határ mentén élők életkörülményeire vonat-koztak. Az 1995 darab értékelhető kérdőív tapasztalatai alapján a gazdaságilag fejlettebb te-rületek közelsége kedvezően befolyásolja a lakosság határképét, a határon átnyúló egyéni szintű gazdasági kapcsolatokból (vásárlás, munkavállalás) mindkét oldal előnyösen részesedik. A hivatalos (különösen a regionális szintű) kapcsolatok ismertsége azonban elmarad a várttól. A demográfiai jellemzők közül egyedül az iskolai végzettség volt számottevő hatással a vá...
The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis (REH) suggests that when the government attempts to stimulat... more The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis (REH) suggests that when the government attempts to stimulate the economy by raising debt-financed government spending, consumption and demand do not increase but rather remain the same. The objective of this study is to test the existence of the REH in Ethiopia, using annual data from 1990 to 2011 and by employing the autoregressivedistributed lag cointegration approach. The study includes three variables (budget deficit, government consumption expenditure, and government debt) which contribute to the REH along with another variable. The results show that only the budget deficit and government consumption expenditure fulfil the REH. However, government debt fails to fulfil it. Thus, limited evidence of the existence of the REH is found in Ethiopia.
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm in which there is an increased r... more Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm in which there is an increased risk of thrombotic complications. The conventional thrombosis risk assessment of these patients is based on an age over 60 and a history of thrombosis. The aim of this report is to analyse the contribution of cardiovascular risk (CV) factors as possible additional thrombotic risk factors in the thrombotic complications seen in ET. One hundred and one ET patients (72 females and 29 males with a median age of 61 years) were enrolled between 1999 and 2011. Mann-Whitney and multivariate binary logistic regression tests were performed. The Kaplan-Meier method followed by the log-rank test was used to evaluate the probability of thrombosis-free survival. The presence of one or two or more CV risk factors significantly increased the risk of thrombosis. Separately, the contribution of high blood pressure and hyperlipidaemia proved to be influential, whereas tobacco use, diabetes mellitus and obes...
The attractiveness of regions and territories for firms, investments, tourists, students, talente... more The attractiveness of regions and territories for firms, investments, tourists, students, talented people, and other categories is a relevant issue for regional economic development, due to the increasing importance of the relationships and flows on the global scale. The growing concern about this question requires a new comprehensive analytical approach that goes beyond partial approaches. The construction of a synthetic index that measures the territorial attractiveness from a multidimensional perspective is the strategy presented in this work to deal with this issue from a new point of view. We first introduce and present our methodological approach for the construction of the synthetic index, which makes use of both qualitative (budget allocation process) and quantitative (factor analysis) techniques. Our synthetic index is based on the main indicators about incoming flows from abroad (FDIs, workers, tourists, university students). Secondly, we illustrate and discuss the results...
From geographical point of view, the farms are organic parts of the rural territories. Their situ... more From geographical point of view, the farms are organic parts of the rural territories. Their situation is double-faced, they are vulnerable because of their size and production capacity; but their opportunities in value creation based on local resources and leisure capacity can be transformed into advantages. The research aim was to have actual information about farms (abandoned level, infrastructure, farm types, development, European aid use, future prospects) and discover the mental cognition about farms through sketch maps made by the focus groups. Four focus groups (people living on farms, agriculture related people, and not related people subdivided to: rural and urban population) were involved. The differences of cog-nition can be observed on the drawings (elaboration, number of objects, and their relative location). Földrajzilag a tanyák a vidék szerves részét képezik. Helyzetük kettős, méretük és termelési kapacitásuk következtében sebezhetők, ugyanakkor a helyi erő-forrásokra és a szabadidős kapacitásokra támaszkodó értékteremtési lehetőségeik előnnyé válhatnak. A ku-tatás célja az aktuális információk szerzése (elhagya-tottság, infrastruktúra, típusok, fejlesztés, uniós tá-mogatás, jövőkép) mellett a tanyákról alkotott mentá-lis kép rögzítése különböző fókuszcsoportokban. Négy fókuszcsoportot vizsgáltunk: a tanyán élő em-bereket, a mezőgazdasághoz kötődő, illetve nem kö-tődő embereket (utóbbiakat lakóhely szerint további két csoportra bontva, rurális és városi lakosságra). Az érzékelésbeli különbségek megfigyelhetők a megkér-dezettek által a tanyákról készített rajzokon (kidolgo-zottság, objektumok száma) is.
Over the past few decades, Sub-Saharan African countries, in their bid to achieve economic growth... more Over the past few decades, Sub-Saharan African countries, in their bid to achieve economic growth and development have resorted to external borrowings, propelling them to the status of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC), when their debt reached unsustainable levels in the early 2000s. Unfortunately, the economies of these countries reported only steady growth with successive periods of high inflation and undesirable balance of payments deficits, leading scholars to ask whether external debt really can contribute to growth. At the same time, there is now considerable evidence that the build-up in debt was accompanied by increasing capital flight from the region. Employing Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation and datasets from 1990 to 2012, this paper investigated the apparent positive relationship between capital flight and external debt in Sub-Saharan Africa, taking Heavily Indebted Poor Countries in the region as a case study. The results revealed that external debt exerted a positive and statistically significant effect on capital flight both in short and long-run, suggesting that if foreign borrowing remains unchecked, it will continue to lead to massive capital outflow in Heavily Indebted Poor Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Bár a felsőoktatási intézmények helyi gazdaságra gyakorolt hatásának mérése az 1970-es évekre nyú... more Bár a felsőoktatási intézmények helyi gazdaságra gyakorolt hatásának mérése az 1970-es évekre nyúlik vissza, napjainkig sem alakult ki olyan egységes módszertan, amellyel térben és időben összehasonlítható eredményekhez lehetne hozzájutni. Néhány mérföldkőnek számí-tó munka kísérletet tett az elért elméleti eredmények szintetizálására, azonban a szakiroda-lomban nem találni olyan munkát, amely azonos módszertannal különböző országokban ta-lálható egyetemeket hasonlít össze, csak olyanokat, melyek egy választott módszertannal egy – jellemzően a szerző(k) munkahelyéül szolgáló – intézmény hatásait becslik meg. A tanul-mányunk 4 ebben a tekintetben úttörő munka, a kutatás jelenleg rendelkezésre álló eredmé-nyei alapján egy magyar (Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szeged) és egy francia (Université de Lorraine, Metz) felsőoktatási intézmény helyi gazdaságra gyakorolt hatásait dolgozza fel és hasonlítja össze teljesen azonos modell alapján. A mérés során egy multiplikátor alapú modellt alkalmaztunk, amely az elérhető leg-szélesebb körben primer adatokon alapul. A módszer elsősorban a felsőoktatási intézmények első két missziójához (oktatás és tudományos alapkutatás) kapcsolható tevékenységek hatá-sát képes összegezni. Az így kapott eredmények a szakirodalommal egységben azt hangsú-lyozzák, hogy ezek a funkciók gazdasági értelemben nem képesek többet hozzátenni a régió gazdasági teljesítményéhez, mint amennyit az egyetem működését finanszírozó – jellemző kormányzati – szervezetek biztosítanak, azaz helyi hozzáadott értéket alig tudnak termelni. Ez a megállapítás különösen fontossá teszi azt, hogy az egyetemek többé-kevésbé felismert és felvállalt harmadik missziójának hatásait is képesek legyünk feltérképezni.
Presentation Slides - 54th ERSA Congress, St. Petersburg, 2014
The Structure of the Presentation
1.
Theoretic background
2.
Methodology
3.
The case of the Unive... more The Structure of the Presentation 1. Theoretic background 2. Methodology 3. The case of the University of Szeged
Today, the realization that certain economic units, such as universities or other large tertiary ... more Today, the realization that certain economic units, such as universities or other large tertiary educational institutions have an impact on the economy of their region has gained prominence. There is a growing demand for precise studies on the economic impact of such entities, and the issue has attracted considerable attention in the scientific community. The examination of their economic impact is especially interesting when we compare regions with different levels of development, characterized by a successful international university. The different methods used in the literature render comparisons difficult; therefore, our focus is to recommend a method for investigating universities in different countries. In the absence of regional input-output matrices, a multiplier based approach is suggested for the first and second mission (education and research), while the application of a set of indicators is recommended for the third mission (knowledge transfer-related). There are several substantial problems in assessing the economic impact of universities. First, the definition of impact; second, measuring and estimating firstround expenditures and avoiding doublecounting; third, estimating the model parameters (e.g. multipliers); fourth, the quantification of third mission activities. In this paper, we clarify theoretical definitions, resolve some contradictions, and consequently, recommend a feasible method considering the circumstances in Hungary.
Uploads
Papers by Balázs Kotosz
1.
Theoretic background
2.
Methodology
3.
The case of the University of Szeged