Background: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress accelerates the process of apoptosis in tissue... more Background: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress accelerates the process of apoptosis in tissues. Dilleniaindica (DI) is a medicinal plant, and its fruit contains many therapeutic properties. The therapeutic activity of the Methanolic Fruit Extract (MFE) of DI in attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver and kidney tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic mice was analyzed in the present study. Methods: High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling of MFE was conducted. GLUT4 protein expression analysis and lipid peroxidation assays were conducted to check for MFE effect by administering in diabetic mice. An ultrastructural study was conducted for both the tissues. In apoptotic studies, the TUNEL assay and apoptotic protein expression analysis was conducted. Results: High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling of MFE showed the presence of two crucial antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and naringenin. In GLUT-4 protein expression analysis, MFE suppresses hyperglycemia by upregulating GLUT4 protein expression. Lipid peroxidation assay showed a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) upon MFE administration in diabetic mice. An ultrastructural study was conducted, and MFE was found to restore cellular alterations in diabetic tissues. In apoptotic studies, the TUNEL assay shows that MFE treatment showed fewer apoptotic cells than the diabetic group. The study also observed decreased caspase 3 protein expression and increased Bcl-2 protein expression. Conclusions: Therefore, it is inferred from the study that MFE can exert a protective effect by suppressing hyperglycemia and modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in alloxan-administered diabetic mice.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 30, 2021
Available synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl anisole, butylated hydroxyl toluene, ... more Available synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl anisole, butylated hydroxyl toluene, propyl gallate, and ascorbic acid exhibit several side effects. To curb these side effects, more effective, less toxic, and cost-effective drugs are required. Therefore, this study aims to screen and evaluate the antioxidant as well as the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of Houttuynia cordata collected from Mairang village, West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India using several standard methods. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of H. cordata were evaluated by screening their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrozyl, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Total phenol and flavonoid content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau and by AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant was determined using the protein denaturation method. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Houttuynia cordata exhibit varying free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Among the extracts used in the study, the methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata elicited a higher activity than the aqueous extract. Houttuynia cordata also elicited a marked reduction in blood glucose level of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Flavonoids, which have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiallergy, and antioxidant properties may contribute towards the free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 30, 2021
The present study is aimed at investigating the modulation of serine/threonine phosphorylation of... more The present study is aimed at investigating the modulation of serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS1 and the gene expression oftotal IRS1 and adipokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and adiponectin by the plant Potentilla fulgens and its phytochemical constituents catechin and (-)-epicatechin. Alloxan-induced diabetic mice with a two-to threefold increase in their blood glucose levels were taken for the study. The level of protein expression of total (tIRS1), tyrosine (pIRS1), and serine phosphorylated IRS1 (pIRS1 ser307) was analysed by western blot, and the gene expression level of tIRS1, IL-6, TNF-α, and adiponectin was analysed by real-time PCR. Since evidences strongly suggest that adiponectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 are implicated in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, therefore these three adipokines have been targeted in our study with an aim to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of our plant Potentillafulgens(PF) andits phytochemicals. The results strongly demonstrates the capability of PF and its phytochemicals to modulate the ser/thr phosphorylation state of IRS1 by downregulating the serine 307 phosphorylation while simultaneously upregulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1. The results also indicate the ability of the same to alleviate inflammation in alloxan induced diabetes by modulating the expression of the insulin sensitizing hormone adiponectin and the pro-inflammatory cytokines L-6 and TNF-α.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aug 1, 2016
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on hyperglycemia ... more The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. Methods: Diabetes was induced in mice by administering 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) dose of STZ. The effect of 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bw doses of CHL on hyperglycemia was examined in diabetic mice for the acute and sub-acute period. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed in diabetic (Group A) as well as diabetic treated with CHL (Group B), metformin (Group C), glibenclamide (Group D), and insulin (Group E) groups. The percent glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb%) level, lipid profile, and atherogenic index (AI) were determined in normal (Group A), diabetic (Group B) as well as diabetic treated with CHL (Group C), and metformin (Group D) groups. Results: In both acute and sub-acute antihyperglycemic study, 50 mg/kg bw dose of CHL was found effective in reduction of blood glucose level significantly and considered as an optimum dose. In IPGTT, the significant reduction of blood glucose level in Group B was observed at 2 h (h) and 4 h in comparison with Group A. The GHb%, lipid profile and AI value of Group C were found significantly different from Group B in the study. Conclusion: The present study justifies the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of CHL in STZ induced diabetic mice, hence suggesting its beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetes.
Summary Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH; NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.14) is a polyol pathway enzyme... more Summary Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH; NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.14) is a polyol pathway enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of sorbitol to fructose using NAD+ as a cofactor. The pathway comprising SDH and AR known to be elevated in diabetes and implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract and microvascular damage of the retina, kidney. We report here the tissue specific inhibition of SDH by methanolic extract of Potentilla fulgens L in normal and diabetic mice. The magnitude of inhibition also varied with the mode of administration.
The study identified and screened phytochemicals present in Houttuynia cordata and characterized ... more The study identified and screened phytochemicals present in Houttuynia cordata and characterized their ADME/Tox properties. The powdered plant extracted using water and methanol for about 24h was refluxed, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and subjected to High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, and Gas Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis using a standard protocol. The compounds identified from Houttuynia cordata were docked with antidiabetic targets- dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2. High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of several compounds by matching their recorded spectra with the data bank mass spectra from the NIST library. ADME/Tox properties and docking of the identified compounds indicate the potentiality of the compounds as drug candidates. Selected compounds from Houttuynia cordata have good pharmacokinetic properties and b...
An endeavor has been made in this study to assess the effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus on hyp... more An endeavor has been made in this study to assess the effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress along with apoptosis in liver and kidney of alloxan-administered mice. To analyze the effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus on oxidative stress in kidney and liver of diabetic mice. Furthermore, we have also examined the effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus on apoptosis in diabetic mice. Following preparation of methanolic flower extract (MFE), preliminary phytochemical screenings and acute toxicity test were carried out for MFE. Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl assays were determined to check the MDA level and oxidative damage in tissues of groups normal control mice (NCM), diabetic control mice (DCM), ascorbic acid–treated diabetic mice (D + AA), and MFE-treated diabetic mice (D + MFE). Histological and ultrastructural studies were conducted to evaluate any changes in tissues as well as sub-cellular organelles. The effects of MFE on caspase 3 and Bcl-2 expression in alloxan-induced diabetic mice were studied and compared against the diabetic control group of mice. Upon treatment with MFE, the diabetic mice manifested a notable depletion of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl levels. The ultrastructural studies divulged the capability of MFE to reinstate morphological and cellular alterations as contemplated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. On apoptosis, the effect of MFE showed the downregulation of cysteine-dependent aspartate specific protease (caspase) 3, whereas upregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay illustrated a few apoptotic cells. It can be put forward that methanolic flower extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus treatment can exert hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect via regulating hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in alloxan-administered diabetic mice.
The antioxidant activity of four traditionally used medicinal plants found in the North East regi... more The antioxidant activity of four traditionally used medicinal plants found in the North East region of India was determined. The methanol and aqueous extracts of the plants were evaluated for their in vitro scavenging effects on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl ion (OH•), superoxide anion (O 2 • ⎯) free radicals and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The methanol extracts exhibited varying DPPH and H 2 O 2 scavenging activity with Osbeckia chinensis (IC 50 = 12.74 ± 0.35 µg/ml) showing the highest activity against DPPH and Potentilla fulgens (IC 50 = 40.5 ± 1.78 µg/ml) against H 2 O 2. The aqueous extract of Potentilla fulgens was found to be the most active in scavenging O 2 • ⎯ radicals (IC 50 = 14.68 ± 1.07 µg/ml) while the aqueous extract of Flemingia macrophylla comparatively exhibited the highest scavenging activity against OH• radicals (IC 50 = 190.64 ± 4.4 µg/ml). The total phenolic content of these extracts determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method ranged between 12.78 ± 0.22 and 529.3 ± 18.5 mg GAE/g dry weight of extract. Potentilla fulgens had the highest total phenolic content in both methanol and aqueous extracts with 529.3 ± 18.5 and 412.4 ± 1.6 GAE/g dry weight of extract, respectively. Results indicate that these plants have significant albeit variable antioxidant activity and phenolic content. There was no definite correlation between their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content.
Summary Curcuma amada has a long history of traditional use as a medicinal plant among the indige... more Summary Curcuma amada has a long history of traditional use as a medicinal plant among the indigenous Monsang tribe of Manipur. Its rhizome has been used in treating various local ailments. The hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of the crude aqueous methanolic (1:4) extract of Curcuma amada was evaluated in normal and alloxaninduced diabet ic mice. Administration of different doses (150�650 mg/kg b.w.) lowered blood glucose level in a doseand timedependent manner. Mild hypoglycemic activity was observed with all the administered doses, while the antihyperglycemic activity was found to be pronoun ced above the dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. No apparent toxicity was observed in any of the mice even at the dose of 650 mg/kg b.w. Glucose tolerance was also improved in both normal and diabetic mice on administration of the extract. The results were compared with those of insulin, glibenclamide and metformin which were used as reference drugs.
AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda), 2013
Thus, in modern medicine, no satisfactory effective therapy is still available to control this co... more Thus, in modern medicine, no satisfactory effective therapy is still available to control this condition. Herbal medicines may prove to be safer and significantly effective than the synthetic anti-hyperglycemic agents. [7] Researchers conducted during past few decades on about 45 plants or their products (active, natural principles, and crude extracts) have shown experimental or clinical anti-diabetic activity. [8] It is estimated that more than 800 species of plants exhibit hypoglycemic properties, and Guduchi is one among them. [9] Guduchi may have been favorably used for thousands of years; however, modern herbal pharmacology appears to have just begun to appreciate the tremendous therapeutic potential of it. Guduchi is incredibly versatile and safe [10-13] herbaceous vine in Ayurvedic system of medicine indicated to combat various diseases and is proved to be a highly potent anti-diabetic herb. [14-16] The most common example of herbal Satva [17] is Guduchi Satva (GS), which is very commonly prescribed in Ayurveda. [18] Ayurvedic classics emphasized using of GS in different stages of prameha. [19-21] However, no reports on anti-hyperglycemic activity of GS have been reported till date. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic activiies of GS in Swiss Albino mice.
The effects on carbohydrate and lipid profiles of the anti-diabetic plant, Potentilla fulgens Lin... more The effects on carbohydrate and lipid profiles of the anti-diabetic plant, Potentilla fulgens Linn. (Rosaceae), were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The methanol extract of P. fulgens at the optimized dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. was administered to diabetic mice on alternate days for a period of one week. On the eighth day, blood samples were collected for the estimation of cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels and the animals sacrificed for the assay of the glycolytic enzymes-glucokinase and hexokinase. The effects were compared against the standard drugs-metformin, glibenclamide and insulin. It was found that P. fulgens treatment reduced the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels while selectively increasing hepatic hexokinase activity. It can therefore be concluded that P. fulgens extract exerts anti-hyperlipidemic effect and improves hexokinase activity in diabetic mice in a tissue specific manner.
Introduction The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect... more Introduction The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of the Potentilla fulgens extract on amylase, α- and β-glucosidase, and lipase, as well as its effect on the ultrastructure of the liver, of the kidneys, and of the eye tissues in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The present study was designed to get further insight regarding the action of P. fulgens from what has been previously known and reported about this plant. Materials and Methods Roots of P. fulgens were extracted with 10 volumes of aqueous-methanol solution (1:4), and the prepared extract was used for in vitro inhibitory activity on amylase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and lipase. Afterwards, the plant extract was intraperitoneally administered for alternated days (250 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic mice for 4 weeks, and an ultrastructural examination of the liver, the kidneys and the eye tissues was performed using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-100 CX II, Jeol Ltd., ...
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2017
The present study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the aqueous leaves extra... more The present study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the aqueous leaves extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. leaves using in vivo and in vitro approaches. For in vivo studies, blood glucose level was monitored at different intervals after administration of varying doses of the extract for its hypoglycemic (100e6000 mg/kg b.w.) and antihyperglycemic (250 mg/kg b.w.) effect in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. In vitro enzymatic inhibition activity was tested against a-amylase, aand b-glucosidase and lipase. Additionally hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and phytochemical screening were also performed. Element analysis of the plant was studied by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). The plant extract showed significant hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. The IC 50 values of extract for a-amylase, b-glucosidase, lipase, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity were 7.40 mg/ml, 0.30 mg/ml, 8.35 mg/ml, 3.25 mg/ml, 9.62 mg/ ml respectively and the percentage of inhibition for a-glucosidase was 79.82% at 0.8 mg/ml. In vitro studies were compared with their respective standards. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of essential elements such as Mg, V, Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn, K, Ca, P and Sr which are all known to play a role in regulating blood glucose. The results demonstrate that Z. armatum aqueous leaves extract possess antidiabetic property in both in vivo and in vitro condition.
The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on oxidative s... more The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on oxidative stress in Streptozotocine (STZ) induced diabetic mice. For the study, mice were divided into Group A: normal control, Group B: diabetic control, Group C: diabetic mice treated with the ascorbic acid, and Group D: diabetic mice treated with CHL. Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD &Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were examined in kidney and heart tissues of different experimental groups. Histological and ultrastructuralstudies were also carried out to evaluate any changes in tissues as well as sub-cellular organelles. ROS, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels have been significantly decreased with concomitant increased of CuZn SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activity in CHLtreated diabetic mice. The histological and ultrastructural studies show...
Genistein has been reported to exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); howev... more Genistein has been reported to exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved therein have not been clearly elucidated. To address this question, the effect of the genistein on the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose production in HepG2 cells and in alloxan-induced diabetic mice was investigated. HepG2 cells were exposed to diferrent concentration of genistein in presence or absence of modulators, and the expression of cytosolic PEPCK (PEPCK-C) and the signalling pathways was studied. Further, the biological relevance of the in vitro study was tested in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Genistein lowered PEPCK-C expression and glucose production in HepG2 cells accompanied with increased in phosphorylation states of AMPK, MEK½, ERK½, and CRTC2. Treatment with the AMPK inhibitor (compound C) enhanced genistein-induced MEK½ and ERK½ activity indicating a potential cross-talk between the two signalling pathways. In vivo, genistein also reduced fasting glucose levels accompanied with reduced PEPCK-C expression and increased in AMPK and ERK½ phosphorylation states in the liver of genistein-treated alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Genistein fulfills the criteria of a suitable anti-diabetic agent by reducing glucose production and inhibiting PEPCK-C expression in HepG2 cells and also in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. These results indicate that genistein is an effective candidate for preventing T2DM through the modulation of AMPK-CRTC2 and MEK/ERK signalling pathways, which may allow a novel approach to modulate dysfunction in hepatic gluconeogenesis in T2DM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour) Kurz, a vegetable which is traditionally used for the treatmen... more Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour) Kurz, a vegetable which is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes-associated ailments has been evaluated for its effect on the total-cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol
The polyol pathway comprising of aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), converts... more The polyol pathway comprising of aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), converts glucose to fructose is accelerated under elevated glucose concentration. Several biochemical features implicate the polyol pathway as a plausible and important contributor to complications of diabetes. Plant extracts are known to inhibit the enzymes of the polyol pathway. We report here the effect of different fractions of Potentilla fulgens on AR and SDH activity in liver, kidney and eye of normoglycemic and diabetic mice. Administration of these fractions to the normoglycemic and diabetic mice resulted in varying degree of inhibition of the AR and SDH activity in the liver, kidney and eye.
The number of people with diabetes worldwide has risen and is expected to reach epidemic proporti... more The number of people with diabetes worldwide has risen and is expected to reach epidemic proportion. With increasing prevalence and incidence predicted globally, a local study was felt necessary to assess local prevalence of diabetes. The study was conducted among selected sub groups of the major tribal population comprising the Khasi and Jaintia community of the State of Meghalaya. Data from hospital records, household surveys and diabetic camps of selected urban centres and district headquarters of the State were screened and analysed. The result from the random survey indicate that the average prevalence amongst the urban tribal Khasi and Jaintia population of the State was 9.89% and 12.5% respectively. Further, the prevalence was found to be higher for the age group above 40 years, constituting more than 80 % of the total diabetic population. In the absence of any other epidemiological studies on diabetes in the State, this report serves to draw attention to the prevalence of di...
Background: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress accelerates the process of apoptosis in tissue... more Background: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress accelerates the process of apoptosis in tissues. Dilleniaindica (DI) is a medicinal plant, and its fruit contains many therapeutic properties. The therapeutic activity of the Methanolic Fruit Extract (MFE) of DI in attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver and kidney tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic mice was analyzed in the present study. Methods: High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling of MFE was conducted. GLUT4 protein expression analysis and lipid peroxidation assays were conducted to check for MFE effect by administering in diabetic mice. An ultrastructural study was conducted for both the tissues. In apoptotic studies, the TUNEL assay and apoptotic protein expression analysis was conducted. Results: High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling of MFE showed the presence of two crucial antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and naringenin. In GLUT-4 protein expression analysis, MFE suppresses hyperglycemia by upregulating GLUT4 protein expression. Lipid peroxidation assay showed a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) upon MFE administration in diabetic mice. An ultrastructural study was conducted, and MFE was found to restore cellular alterations in diabetic tissues. In apoptotic studies, the TUNEL assay shows that MFE treatment showed fewer apoptotic cells than the diabetic group. The study also observed decreased caspase 3 protein expression and increased Bcl-2 protein expression. Conclusions: Therefore, it is inferred from the study that MFE can exert a protective effect by suppressing hyperglycemia and modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in alloxan-administered diabetic mice.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 30, 2021
Available synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl anisole, butylated hydroxyl toluene, ... more Available synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl anisole, butylated hydroxyl toluene, propyl gallate, and ascorbic acid exhibit several side effects. To curb these side effects, more effective, less toxic, and cost-effective drugs are required. Therefore, this study aims to screen and evaluate the antioxidant as well as the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of Houttuynia cordata collected from Mairang village, West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India using several standard methods. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of H. cordata were evaluated by screening their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrozyl, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Total phenol and flavonoid content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau and by AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant was determined using the protein denaturation method. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Houttuynia cordata exhibit varying free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Among the extracts used in the study, the methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata elicited a higher activity than the aqueous extract. Houttuynia cordata also elicited a marked reduction in blood glucose level of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Flavonoids, which have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiallergy, and antioxidant properties may contribute towards the free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 30, 2021
The present study is aimed at investigating the modulation of serine/threonine phosphorylation of... more The present study is aimed at investigating the modulation of serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS1 and the gene expression oftotal IRS1 and adipokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and adiponectin by the plant Potentilla fulgens and its phytochemical constituents catechin and (-)-epicatechin. Alloxan-induced diabetic mice with a two-to threefold increase in their blood glucose levels were taken for the study. The level of protein expression of total (tIRS1), tyrosine (pIRS1), and serine phosphorylated IRS1 (pIRS1 ser307) was analysed by western blot, and the gene expression level of tIRS1, IL-6, TNF-α, and adiponectin was analysed by real-time PCR. Since evidences strongly suggest that adiponectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 are implicated in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, therefore these three adipokines have been targeted in our study with an aim to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of our plant Potentillafulgens(PF) andits phytochemicals. The results strongly demonstrates the capability of PF and its phytochemicals to modulate the ser/thr phosphorylation state of IRS1 by downregulating the serine 307 phosphorylation while simultaneously upregulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1. The results also indicate the ability of the same to alleviate inflammation in alloxan induced diabetes by modulating the expression of the insulin sensitizing hormone adiponectin and the pro-inflammatory cytokines L-6 and TNF-α.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aug 1, 2016
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on hyperglycemia ... more The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. Methods: Diabetes was induced in mice by administering 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) dose of STZ. The effect of 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bw doses of CHL on hyperglycemia was examined in diabetic mice for the acute and sub-acute period. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed in diabetic (Group A) as well as diabetic treated with CHL (Group B), metformin (Group C), glibenclamide (Group D), and insulin (Group E) groups. The percent glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb%) level, lipid profile, and atherogenic index (AI) were determined in normal (Group A), diabetic (Group B) as well as diabetic treated with CHL (Group C), and metformin (Group D) groups. Results: In both acute and sub-acute antihyperglycemic study, 50 mg/kg bw dose of CHL was found effective in reduction of blood glucose level significantly and considered as an optimum dose. In IPGTT, the significant reduction of blood glucose level in Group B was observed at 2 h (h) and 4 h in comparison with Group A. The GHb%, lipid profile and AI value of Group C were found significantly different from Group B in the study. Conclusion: The present study justifies the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of CHL in STZ induced diabetic mice, hence suggesting its beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetes.
Summary Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH; NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.14) is a polyol pathway enzyme... more Summary Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH; NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.14) is a polyol pathway enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of sorbitol to fructose using NAD+ as a cofactor. The pathway comprising SDH and AR known to be elevated in diabetes and implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract and microvascular damage of the retina, kidney. We report here the tissue specific inhibition of SDH by methanolic extract of Potentilla fulgens L in normal and diabetic mice. The magnitude of inhibition also varied with the mode of administration.
The study identified and screened phytochemicals present in Houttuynia cordata and characterized ... more The study identified and screened phytochemicals present in Houttuynia cordata and characterized their ADME/Tox properties. The powdered plant extracted using water and methanol for about 24h was refluxed, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and subjected to High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, and Gas Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis using a standard protocol. The compounds identified from Houttuynia cordata were docked with antidiabetic targets- dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2. High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of several compounds by matching their recorded spectra with the data bank mass spectra from the NIST library. ADME/Tox properties and docking of the identified compounds indicate the potentiality of the compounds as drug candidates. Selected compounds from Houttuynia cordata have good pharmacokinetic properties and b...
An endeavor has been made in this study to assess the effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus on hyp... more An endeavor has been made in this study to assess the effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress along with apoptosis in liver and kidney of alloxan-administered mice. To analyze the effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus on oxidative stress in kidney and liver of diabetic mice. Furthermore, we have also examined the effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus on apoptosis in diabetic mice. Following preparation of methanolic flower extract (MFE), preliminary phytochemical screenings and acute toxicity test were carried out for MFE. Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl assays were determined to check the MDA level and oxidative damage in tissues of groups normal control mice (NCM), diabetic control mice (DCM), ascorbic acid–treated diabetic mice (D + AA), and MFE-treated diabetic mice (D + MFE). Histological and ultrastructural studies were conducted to evaluate any changes in tissues as well as sub-cellular organelles. The effects of MFE on caspase 3 and Bcl-2 expression in alloxan-induced diabetic mice were studied and compared against the diabetic control group of mice. Upon treatment with MFE, the diabetic mice manifested a notable depletion of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl levels. The ultrastructural studies divulged the capability of MFE to reinstate morphological and cellular alterations as contemplated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. On apoptosis, the effect of MFE showed the downregulation of cysteine-dependent aspartate specific protease (caspase) 3, whereas upregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay illustrated a few apoptotic cells. It can be put forward that methanolic flower extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus treatment can exert hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect via regulating hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in alloxan-administered diabetic mice.
The antioxidant activity of four traditionally used medicinal plants found in the North East regi... more The antioxidant activity of four traditionally used medicinal plants found in the North East region of India was determined. The methanol and aqueous extracts of the plants were evaluated for their in vitro scavenging effects on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl ion (OH•), superoxide anion (O 2 • ⎯) free radicals and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The methanol extracts exhibited varying DPPH and H 2 O 2 scavenging activity with Osbeckia chinensis (IC 50 = 12.74 ± 0.35 µg/ml) showing the highest activity against DPPH and Potentilla fulgens (IC 50 = 40.5 ± 1.78 µg/ml) against H 2 O 2. The aqueous extract of Potentilla fulgens was found to be the most active in scavenging O 2 • ⎯ radicals (IC 50 = 14.68 ± 1.07 µg/ml) while the aqueous extract of Flemingia macrophylla comparatively exhibited the highest scavenging activity against OH• radicals (IC 50 = 190.64 ± 4.4 µg/ml). The total phenolic content of these extracts determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method ranged between 12.78 ± 0.22 and 529.3 ± 18.5 mg GAE/g dry weight of extract. Potentilla fulgens had the highest total phenolic content in both methanol and aqueous extracts with 529.3 ± 18.5 and 412.4 ± 1.6 GAE/g dry weight of extract, respectively. Results indicate that these plants have significant albeit variable antioxidant activity and phenolic content. There was no definite correlation between their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content.
Summary Curcuma amada has a long history of traditional use as a medicinal plant among the indige... more Summary Curcuma amada has a long history of traditional use as a medicinal plant among the indigenous Monsang tribe of Manipur. Its rhizome has been used in treating various local ailments. The hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of the crude aqueous methanolic (1:4) extract of Curcuma amada was evaluated in normal and alloxaninduced diabet ic mice. Administration of different doses (150�650 mg/kg b.w.) lowered blood glucose level in a doseand timedependent manner. Mild hypoglycemic activity was observed with all the administered doses, while the antihyperglycemic activity was found to be pronoun ced above the dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. No apparent toxicity was observed in any of the mice even at the dose of 650 mg/kg b.w. Glucose tolerance was also improved in both normal and diabetic mice on administration of the extract. The results were compared with those of insulin, glibenclamide and metformin which were used as reference drugs.
AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda), 2013
Thus, in modern medicine, no satisfactory effective therapy is still available to control this co... more Thus, in modern medicine, no satisfactory effective therapy is still available to control this condition. Herbal medicines may prove to be safer and significantly effective than the synthetic anti-hyperglycemic agents. [7] Researchers conducted during past few decades on about 45 plants or their products (active, natural principles, and crude extracts) have shown experimental or clinical anti-diabetic activity. [8] It is estimated that more than 800 species of plants exhibit hypoglycemic properties, and Guduchi is one among them. [9] Guduchi may have been favorably used for thousands of years; however, modern herbal pharmacology appears to have just begun to appreciate the tremendous therapeutic potential of it. Guduchi is incredibly versatile and safe [10-13] herbaceous vine in Ayurvedic system of medicine indicated to combat various diseases and is proved to be a highly potent anti-diabetic herb. [14-16] The most common example of herbal Satva [17] is Guduchi Satva (GS), which is very commonly prescribed in Ayurveda. [18] Ayurvedic classics emphasized using of GS in different stages of prameha. [19-21] However, no reports on anti-hyperglycemic activity of GS have been reported till date. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic activiies of GS in Swiss Albino mice.
The effects on carbohydrate and lipid profiles of the anti-diabetic plant, Potentilla fulgens Lin... more The effects on carbohydrate and lipid profiles of the anti-diabetic plant, Potentilla fulgens Linn. (Rosaceae), were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The methanol extract of P. fulgens at the optimized dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. was administered to diabetic mice on alternate days for a period of one week. On the eighth day, blood samples were collected for the estimation of cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels and the animals sacrificed for the assay of the glycolytic enzymes-glucokinase and hexokinase. The effects were compared against the standard drugs-metformin, glibenclamide and insulin. It was found that P. fulgens treatment reduced the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels while selectively increasing hepatic hexokinase activity. It can therefore be concluded that P. fulgens extract exerts anti-hyperlipidemic effect and improves hexokinase activity in diabetic mice in a tissue specific manner.
Introduction The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect... more Introduction The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of the Potentilla fulgens extract on amylase, α- and β-glucosidase, and lipase, as well as its effect on the ultrastructure of the liver, of the kidneys, and of the eye tissues in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The present study was designed to get further insight regarding the action of P. fulgens from what has been previously known and reported about this plant. Materials and Methods Roots of P. fulgens were extracted with 10 volumes of aqueous-methanol solution (1:4), and the prepared extract was used for in vitro inhibitory activity on amylase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and lipase. Afterwards, the plant extract was intraperitoneally administered for alternated days (250 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic mice for 4 weeks, and an ultrastructural examination of the liver, the kidneys and the eye tissues was performed using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-100 CX II, Jeol Ltd., ...
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2017
The present study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the aqueous leaves extra... more The present study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the aqueous leaves extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. leaves using in vivo and in vitro approaches. For in vivo studies, blood glucose level was monitored at different intervals after administration of varying doses of the extract for its hypoglycemic (100e6000 mg/kg b.w.) and antihyperglycemic (250 mg/kg b.w.) effect in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. In vitro enzymatic inhibition activity was tested against a-amylase, aand b-glucosidase and lipase. Additionally hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and phytochemical screening were also performed. Element analysis of the plant was studied by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). The plant extract showed significant hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. The IC 50 values of extract for a-amylase, b-glucosidase, lipase, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity were 7.40 mg/ml, 0.30 mg/ml, 8.35 mg/ml, 3.25 mg/ml, 9.62 mg/ ml respectively and the percentage of inhibition for a-glucosidase was 79.82% at 0.8 mg/ml. In vitro studies were compared with their respective standards. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of essential elements such as Mg, V, Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn, K, Ca, P and Sr which are all known to play a role in regulating blood glucose. The results demonstrate that Z. armatum aqueous leaves extract possess antidiabetic property in both in vivo and in vitro condition.
The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on oxidative s... more The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on oxidative stress in Streptozotocine (STZ) induced diabetic mice. For the study, mice were divided into Group A: normal control, Group B: diabetic control, Group C: diabetic mice treated with the ascorbic acid, and Group D: diabetic mice treated with CHL. Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD &Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were examined in kidney and heart tissues of different experimental groups. Histological and ultrastructuralstudies were also carried out to evaluate any changes in tissues as well as sub-cellular organelles. ROS, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels have been significantly decreased with concomitant increased of CuZn SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activity in CHLtreated diabetic mice. The histological and ultrastructural studies show...
Genistein has been reported to exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); howev... more Genistein has been reported to exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved therein have not been clearly elucidated. To address this question, the effect of the genistein on the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose production in HepG2 cells and in alloxan-induced diabetic mice was investigated. HepG2 cells were exposed to diferrent concentration of genistein in presence or absence of modulators, and the expression of cytosolic PEPCK (PEPCK-C) and the signalling pathways was studied. Further, the biological relevance of the in vitro study was tested in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Genistein lowered PEPCK-C expression and glucose production in HepG2 cells accompanied with increased in phosphorylation states of AMPK, MEK½, ERK½, and CRTC2. Treatment with the AMPK inhibitor (compound C) enhanced genistein-induced MEK½ and ERK½ activity indicating a potential cross-talk between the two signalling pathways. In vivo, genistein also reduced fasting glucose levels accompanied with reduced PEPCK-C expression and increased in AMPK and ERK½ phosphorylation states in the liver of genistein-treated alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Genistein fulfills the criteria of a suitable anti-diabetic agent by reducing glucose production and inhibiting PEPCK-C expression in HepG2 cells and also in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. These results indicate that genistein is an effective candidate for preventing T2DM through the modulation of AMPK-CRTC2 and MEK/ERK signalling pathways, which may allow a novel approach to modulate dysfunction in hepatic gluconeogenesis in T2DM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour) Kurz, a vegetable which is traditionally used for the treatmen... more Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour) Kurz, a vegetable which is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes-associated ailments has been evaluated for its effect on the total-cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol
The polyol pathway comprising of aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), converts... more The polyol pathway comprising of aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), converts glucose to fructose is accelerated under elevated glucose concentration. Several biochemical features implicate the polyol pathway as a plausible and important contributor to complications of diabetes. Plant extracts are known to inhibit the enzymes of the polyol pathway. We report here the effect of different fractions of Potentilla fulgens on AR and SDH activity in liver, kidney and eye of normoglycemic and diabetic mice. Administration of these fractions to the normoglycemic and diabetic mice resulted in varying degree of inhibition of the AR and SDH activity in the liver, kidney and eye.
The number of people with diabetes worldwide has risen and is expected to reach epidemic proporti... more The number of people with diabetes worldwide has risen and is expected to reach epidemic proportion. With increasing prevalence and incidence predicted globally, a local study was felt necessary to assess local prevalence of diabetes. The study was conducted among selected sub groups of the major tribal population comprising the Khasi and Jaintia community of the State of Meghalaya. Data from hospital records, household surveys and diabetic camps of selected urban centres and district headquarters of the State were screened and analysed. The result from the random survey indicate that the average prevalence amongst the urban tribal Khasi and Jaintia population of the State was 9.89% and 12.5% respectively. Further, the prevalence was found to be higher for the age group above 40 years, constituting more than 80 % of the total diabetic population. In the absence of any other epidemiological studies on diabetes in the State, this report serves to draw attention to the prevalence of di...
Uploads
Papers by Donkupar Syiem