This research paper aims to investigate Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy in the Liberal ... more This research paper aims to investigate Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy in the Liberal World Order. As per these ambitions, Turkey has increasingly distanced itself from the European Union (EU) and the transatlantic alliance and has shifted its focus towards China, Russia, and the Global South. These developments are a direct consequence of the 2023 termination of the Treaty of Lausanne, along with the shift to multipolar world order. Turkey has viewed these shifts as a chance to gain strategic autonomy in the region and proclaim itself as the leader of the Muslim world. As a result, intervention in Syria, Libya, and the Black Sea was utilized to assert influence, and the atrocities of Israel and India against the Muslim community were also called out. Turkey's ambitions to cash on the shifting international system and redirect its foreign policy can be associated with neo-Ottomanism, implying that the Turkish state aspires to regain the lost glory of the historic Otto...
The Rise of Neo Ottomanism in Turkey for Strategic Autonomy in Liberal World Order, 2023
This research paper aims to investigate Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy in the Liberal Worl... more This research paper aims to investigate Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy in the Liberal World Order. As per these ambitions, Turkey has increasingly distanced itself from the European Union (EU) and the transatlantic alliance and has shifted its focus towards China, Russia, and the Global South. These developments are a direct consequence of the 2023 termination of the Treaty of Lausanne, along with the shift to multipolar world order. Turkey has viewed these shifts as a chance to gain strategic autonomy in the region and proclaim itself as the leader of the Muslim world. As a result, intervention in Syria, Libya, and the Black Sea was utilized to assert influence, and the atrocities of Israel and India against the Muslim community were also called out. Turkey's ambitions to cash on the shifting international system and redirect its foreign policy can be associated with neo-Ottomanism, implying that the Turkish state aspires to regain the lost glory of the historic Ottoman Empire and its regional dominance. US is creating hurdles in this process however, Turkey is adamant about its goals and continues to invoke strides in that direction.
Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This research paper carries the overlying objective of exploring Christian identity and the relig... more This research paper carries the overlying objective of exploring Christian identity and the religious foundations of White Supremacy ideology, which promotes violent hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Christian theological principles were employed to explore the religious domain of white supremacy. It was discovered that Christian identity was incorporated as a tool to fuel white supremacy and justify violence against the black plus Jewish community of the United States (US). In accordance with Christian principles, Anglo-Saxon individuals were the lost biblical Israeli tribes and the chosen people of God. On the other hand, Jews were claimed to be the offspring of Satan, that employed manipulation for gaining dominance over the world’s finances and promoted the destruction of Aryan civilizations. Moreover, it was stated that, amidst the second coming, a war between the children of light (Christians) and darkness (Jews) will institute the Kingdom of Christ. Hence, hatred was f...
This research paper carries the overlying objective of exploring Christian identity and the relig... more This research paper carries the overlying objective of exploring Christian identity and the religious foundations of White Supremacy ideology, which promotes violent hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Christian theological principles were employed to explore the religious domain of white supremacy. It was discovered that Christian identity was incorporated as a tool to fuel white supremacy and justify violence against the black plus Jewish community of the United States (US). In accordance with Christian principles, Anglo-Saxon individuals were the lost biblical Israeli tribes and the chosen people of God. On the other hand, Jews were claimed to be the offspring of Satan that employed manipulation for gaining dominance over the world's finances and promoted the destruction of Aryan civilizations. Moreover, it was stated that, amidst the second coming, a war between the children of light (Christians) and darkness (Jews) will institute the Kingdom of Christ. Hence, hatred was fueled against the Jewish community, and justification for violent crimes was undertaken. Further adding on, Christian identity was further employed for the justification of racial segregation. White individuals and Aryans are stated to follow in line with Adam and Eve, while, non-Aryans or black individuals were regarded as children of Eve and the serpent. The Christian school of thought argues that racial mixing was the original sin resulting in the expulsion of the "white man from the Garden of Eden". Henceforth, racial segregation and racism against the black community were justified on religious grounds. The violent manifestations of these narratives were witnessed under the KKK. The hate group induced organized terror against African Americans and Jews on the basis of theology, and their implications are witnessed to this day. American society is still struggling with racism and anti-Semitism, which explains religious rhetoric in militant organizations has lasting implications on the narrative of communities.
This research paper aims to investigate Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy in the Liberal ... more This research paper aims to investigate Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy in the Liberal World Order. As per these ambitions, Turkey has increasingly distanced itself from the European Union (EU) and the transatlantic alliance and has shifted its focus towards China, Russia, and the Global South. These developments are a direct consequence of the 2023 termination of the Treaty of Lausanne, along with the shift to multipolar world order. Turkey has viewed these shifts as a chance to gain strategic autonomy in the region and proclaim itself as the leader of the Muslim world. As a result, intervention in Syria, Libya, and the Black Sea was utilized to assert influence, and the atrocities of Israel and India against the Muslim community were also called out. Turkey's ambitions to cash on the shifting international system and redirect its foreign policy can be associated with neo-Ottomanism, implying that the Turkish state aspires to regain the lost glory of the historic Otto...
The Rise of Neo Ottomanism in Turkey for Strategic Autonomy in Liberal World Order, 2023
This research paper aims to investigate Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy in the Liberal Worl... more This research paper aims to investigate Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy in the Liberal World Order. As per these ambitions, Turkey has increasingly distanced itself from the European Union (EU) and the transatlantic alliance and has shifted its focus towards China, Russia, and the Global South. These developments are a direct consequence of the 2023 termination of the Treaty of Lausanne, along with the shift to multipolar world order. Turkey has viewed these shifts as a chance to gain strategic autonomy in the region and proclaim itself as the leader of the Muslim world. As a result, intervention in Syria, Libya, and the Black Sea was utilized to assert influence, and the atrocities of Israel and India against the Muslim community were also called out. Turkey's ambitions to cash on the shifting international system and redirect its foreign policy can be associated with neo-Ottomanism, implying that the Turkish state aspires to regain the lost glory of the historic Ottoman Empire and its regional dominance. US is creating hurdles in this process however, Turkey is adamant about its goals and continues to invoke strides in that direction.
Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This research paper carries the overlying objective of exploring Christian identity and the relig... more This research paper carries the overlying objective of exploring Christian identity and the religious foundations of White Supremacy ideology, which promotes violent hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Christian theological principles were employed to explore the religious domain of white supremacy. It was discovered that Christian identity was incorporated as a tool to fuel white supremacy and justify violence against the black plus Jewish community of the United States (US). In accordance with Christian principles, Anglo-Saxon individuals were the lost biblical Israeli tribes and the chosen people of God. On the other hand, Jews were claimed to be the offspring of Satan, that employed manipulation for gaining dominance over the world’s finances and promoted the destruction of Aryan civilizations. Moreover, it was stated that, amidst the second coming, a war between the children of light (Christians) and darkness (Jews) will institute the Kingdom of Christ. Hence, hatred was f...
This research paper carries the overlying objective of exploring Christian identity and the relig... more This research paper carries the overlying objective of exploring Christian identity and the religious foundations of White Supremacy ideology, which promotes violent hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Christian theological principles were employed to explore the religious domain of white supremacy. It was discovered that Christian identity was incorporated as a tool to fuel white supremacy and justify violence against the black plus Jewish community of the United States (US). In accordance with Christian principles, Anglo-Saxon individuals were the lost biblical Israeli tribes and the chosen people of God. On the other hand, Jews were claimed to be the offspring of Satan that employed manipulation for gaining dominance over the world's finances and promoted the destruction of Aryan civilizations. Moreover, it was stated that, amidst the second coming, a war between the children of light (Christians) and darkness (Jews) will institute the Kingdom of Christ. Hence, hatred was fueled against the Jewish community, and justification for violent crimes was undertaken. Further adding on, Christian identity was further employed for the justification of racial segregation. White individuals and Aryans are stated to follow in line with Adam and Eve, while, non-Aryans or black individuals were regarded as children of Eve and the serpent. The Christian school of thought argues that racial mixing was the original sin resulting in the expulsion of the "white man from the Garden of Eden". Henceforth, racial segregation and racism against the black community were justified on religious grounds. The violent manifestations of these narratives were witnessed under the KKK. The hate group induced organized terror against African Americans and Jews on the basis of theology, and their implications are witnessed to this day. American society is still struggling with racism and anti-Semitism, which explains religious rhetoric in militant organizations has lasting implications on the narrative of communities.
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