Taiwan Southern Min ka and hoo have been broadly investigated in the literature (e.g., Cheng et a... more Taiwan Southern Min ka and hoo have been broadly investigated in the literature (e.g., Cheng et al. 1999, Lien 2002, Tsao 2005). However, very little of the previous research has focused on the interaction between these two functional words. This paper thus explores structures with a ka…hoo configuration. Through the examination of corpus data, this paper finds that ka…hoo constructions are mainly separated into two constructions: ditransitive and resultative constructions. Based on the constructional approach, the ditransitive construction is found to include four construction patterns which can help differentiate verb types. In addition, the event structure account of the resultative ka…hoo construction is explored. It is posited that the event telicity may change when the causative word hoo overtly occurs. The distinction between a ditransitive and a resultative ka…hoo construction significantly reduces the confusion in data where the ka…hoo configuration is found.
The present study explores the syntactic and semantic properties of the construction featuring th... more The present study explores the syntactic and semantic properties of the construction featuring the hoo ... ka configuration. The two words, hoo and ka, can perform multiple functions, and their interactions have various interpretations. The study collected data from Taiwanese corpora and observed that the hoo ... ka sentences can express passives and causatives. The word hoo provides the passive and causative attributes, while the word ka contributes to the transitivity. The repetition of the object argument and the occurrence of the resultative complement are assumed to be mechanisms to facilitate the transitivity of the hoo ... ka sentences.
This paper presents the syntactic and semantic features of passive structures in Hainan Min with ... more This paper presents the syntactic and semantic features of passive structures in Hainan Min with a focus on the passive semi-lexical verb in Hainan Min, ioh, lexically denoting the verb 'to take.' We offer definitions and examples for the different meanings in the causative-unaccusative spectrum. The meanings of ioh are tested through these definitions, which revealed that ioh expresses meanings from 'causative' to 'passive.' In addition, this paper also provides data for examining the ioh-passives with reference to there, subject-anaphora, idiom chunks, unaccusative/causative alternation, and subject-oriented adverbs. This paper also compares the ioh-passive with the hoo-passive in Taiwan Southern Min and the gei-passive in Mandarin. The passive structures in the three dialects all follow the passivization cartography. In these dialects, the meanings of the passive verbs occupy several points along the causative-unaccusative spectrum, but different dialects have their specific passive verbs, each with its own range of meanings. The passive structure in Hainan Min has not yet been thoroughly studied. Hence, this paper contributes to filling the gap in the knowledge by providing both semantic and syntactic analyses.
This paper focuses on the ditransitive construction in Hainan Min. The giving verb in Hainan Min ... more This paper focuses on the ditransitive construction in Hainan Min. The giving verb in Hainan Min is un44, which corresponds to the Hakka giving verb bun rather than to Southern Min hoo or khit. The syntactic and semantic properties of Hainan Min un are examined and ...
This paper focuses on Hainan Min's object marker ue and its syntactic structures. Hainan Mi... more This paper focuses on Hainan Min's object marker ue and its syntactic structures. Hainan Min ue seems to be very similar to Mandarin ba because the two markers do not exhibit multiple functions like Southern Min ka which can be a patient marker, source marker, goal marker ...
This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data c... more This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data collected through fieldwork). The lexical items are firstly presented in four categories of modal types, including epistemic, deontic, circumstantial and bouletic modals. The modal hierarchy is built upon data with multiple modals: epistemic > deontic > dynamic. The last part of the paper introduces the negative modal forms in Hainan Min. The scopal interaction between negation and modals is also discussed. The negation always scopes over modals.
This paper presents the syntactic and semantic features of passive structures in Hainan Min with ... more This paper presents the syntactic and semantic features of passive structures in Hainan Min with a focus on the passive semi-lexical verb in Hainan Min, ioh, lexically denoting the verb 'to take.' We offer definitions and examples for the different meanings in the causative-unaccusative spectrum. The meanings of ioh are tested through these definitions, which revealed that ioh expresses meanings from 'causative' to 'passive.' In addition, this paper also provides data for examining the ioh-passives with reference to there, subject-anaphora, idiom chunks, unaccusative/causative alternation, and subject-oriented adverbs. This paper also compares the ioh-passive with the hoo-passive in Taiwan Southern Min and the gei-passive in Mandarin. The passive structures in the three dialects all follow the passivization cartography. In these dialects, the meanings of the passive verbs occupy several points along the causative-unaccusative spectrum, but different dialects ...
This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data c... more This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data collected through fieldwork). The lexical items are firstly presented in four categories of modal types, including epistemic, deontic, circumstantial and bouletic modals. The modal hierarchy is built upon data with multiple modals: epistemic > deontic > dynamic. The last part of the paper introduces the negative modal forms in Hainan Min. The scopal interaction between negation and modals is also discussed. The negation always scopes over modals.
The present study explores the syntactic and semantic properties of the construction featuring th... more The present study explores the syntactic and semantic properties of the construction featuring the hoo ... ka configuration. The two words, hoo and ka, can perform multiple functions, and their interactions have various interpretations. The study collected data from Taiwanese corpora and observed that the hoo ... ka sentences can express passives and causatives. The word hoo provides the passive and causative attributes, while the word ka contributes to the transitivity. The repetition of the object argument and the occurrence of the resultative complement are assumed to be mechanisms to facilitate the transitivity of the hoo ... ka sentences.
This paper focuses on the ditransitive construction in Hainan Min. The giving verb in Hainan Min ... more This paper focuses on the ditransitive construction in Hainan Min. The giving verb in Hainan Min is un 44 , which corresponds to the Hakka giving verb bun rather than to Southern Min hoo or khit. The syntactic and semantic properties of Hainan Min un are examined and compared with those of other dialects. Furthermore, the dative alternations of the giving verb un in Hainan Min are shown. The interaction between verb types and the different dative constructions is tested. There is a unique dative marker ti 11 in Hainan Min. The origin of this word is explored through a comparison of five possible candidates in terms of phonetic similarity and semantic association.
Taiwan Southern Min ka and hoo have been broadly investigated in the literature (e.g., Cheng et a... more Taiwan Southern Min ka and hoo have been broadly investigated in the literature (e.g., Cheng et al. 1999, Lien 2002, Tsao 2005). However, very little of the previous research has focused on the interaction between these two functional words. This paper thus explores structures with a ka…hoo configuration. Through the examination of corpus data, this paper finds that ka…hoo constructions are mainly separated into two constructions: ditransitive and resultative constructions. Based on the constructional approach, the ditransitive construction is found to include four construction patterns which can help differentiate verb types. In addition, the event structure account of the resultative ka…hoo construction is explored. It is posited that the event telicity may change when the causative word hoo overtly occurs. The distinction between a ditransitive and a resultative ka…hoo construction significantly reduces the confusion in data where the ka…hoo configuration is found.
The present study explores the syntactic and semantic properties of the construction featuring th... more The present study explores the syntactic and semantic properties of the construction featuring the hoo ... ka configuration. The two words, hoo and ka, can perform multiple functions, and their interactions have various interpretations. The study collected data from Taiwanese corpora and observed that the hoo ... ka sentences can express passives and causatives. The word hoo provides the passive and causative attributes, while the word ka contributes to the transitivity. The repetition of the object argument and the occurrence of the resultative complement are assumed to be mechanisms to facilitate the transitivity of the hoo ... ka sentences.
This paper presents the syntactic and semantic features of passive structures in Hainan Min with ... more This paper presents the syntactic and semantic features of passive structures in Hainan Min with a focus on the passive semi-lexical verb in Hainan Min, ioh, lexically denoting the verb 'to take.' We offer definitions and examples for the different meanings in the causative-unaccusative spectrum. The meanings of ioh are tested through these definitions, which revealed that ioh expresses meanings from 'causative' to 'passive.' In addition, this paper also provides data for examining the ioh-passives with reference to there, subject-anaphora, idiom chunks, unaccusative/causative alternation, and subject-oriented adverbs. This paper also compares the ioh-passive with the hoo-passive in Taiwan Southern Min and the gei-passive in Mandarin. The passive structures in the three dialects all follow the passivization cartography. In these dialects, the meanings of the passive verbs occupy several points along the causative-unaccusative spectrum, but different dialects have their specific passive verbs, each with its own range of meanings. The passive structure in Hainan Min has not yet been thoroughly studied. Hence, this paper contributes to filling the gap in the knowledge by providing both semantic and syntactic analyses.
This paper focuses on the ditransitive construction in Hainan Min. The giving verb in Hainan Min ... more This paper focuses on the ditransitive construction in Hainan Min. The giving verb in Hainan Min is un44, which corresponds to the Hakka giving verb bun rather than to Southern Min hoo or khit. The syntactic and semantic properties of Hainan Min un are examined and ...
This paper focuses on Hainan Min's object marker ue and its syntactic structures. Hainan Mi... more This paper focuses on Hainan Min's object marker ue and its syntactic structures. Hainan Min ue seems to be very similar to Mandarin ba because the two markers do not exhibit multiple functions like Southern Min ka which can be a patient marker, source marker, goal marker ...
This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data c... more This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data collected through fieldwork). The lexical items are firstly presented in four categories of modal types, including epistemic, deontic, circumstantial and bouletic modals. The modal hierarchy is built upon data with multiple modals: epistemic > deontic > dynamic. The last part of the paper introduces the negative modal forms in Hainan Min. The scopal interaction between negation and modals is also discussed. The negation always scopes over modals.
This paper presents the syntactic and semantic features of passive structures in Hainan Min with ... more This paper presents the syntactic and semantic features of passive structures in Hainan Min with a focus on the passive semi-lexical verb in Hainan Min, ioh, lexically denoting the verb 'to take.' We offer definitions and examples for the different meanings in the causative-unaccusative spectrum. The meanings of ioh are tested through these definitions, which revealed that ioh expresses meanings from 'causative' to 'passive.' In addition, this paper also provides data for examining the ioh-passives with reference to there, subject-anaphora, idiom chunks, unaccusative/causative alternation, and subject-oriented adverbs. This paper also compares the ioh-passive with the hoo-passive in Taiwan Southern Min and the gei-passive in Mandarin. The passive structures in the three dialects all follow the passivization cartography. In these dialects, the meanings of the passive verbs occupy several points along the causative-unaccusative spectrum, but different dialects ...
This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data c... more This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data collected through fieldwork). The lexical items are firstly presented in four categories of modal types, including epistemic, deontic, circumstantial and bouletic modals. The modal hierarchy is built upon data with multiple modals: epistemic > deontic > dynamic. The last part of the paper introduces the negative modal forms in Hainan Min. The scopal interaction between negation and modals is also discussed. The negation always scopes over modals.
The present study explores the syntactic and semantic properties of the construction featuring th... more The present study explores the syntactic and semantic properties of the construction featuring the hoo ... ka configuration. The two words, hoo and ka, can perform multiple functions, and their interactions have various interpretations. The study collected data from Taiwanese corpora and observed that the hoo ... ka sentences can express passives and causatives. The word hoo provides the passive and causative attributes, while the word ka contributes to the transitivity. The repetition of the object argument and the occurrence of the resultative complement are assumed to be mechanisms to facilitate the transitivity of the hoo ... ka sentences.
This paper focuses on the ditransitive construction in Hainan Min. The giving verb in Hainan Min ... more This paper focuses on the ditransitive construction in Hainan Min. The giving verb in Hainan Min is un 44 , which corresponds to the Hakka giving verb bun rather than to Southern Min hoo or khit. The syntactic and semantic properties of Hainan Min un are examined and compared with those of other dialects. Furthermore, the dative alternations of the giving verb un in Hainan Min are shown. The interaction between verb types and the different dative constructions is tested. There is a unique dative marker ti 11 in Hainan Min. The origin of this word is explored through a comparison of five possible candidates in terms of phonetic similarity and semantic association.
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