Tag: NCBI Taxonomy

New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm

New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm

As previously announced, NCBI continues to make improvements to our Taxonomy resource. There have been recent updates to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and proposals by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). As a result, NCBI Taxonomy has discontinued the use of rank “superkingdom” to classify organisms into Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Viruses. 

What’s changing? 

New rank: Domain 
  • “Domain” replaces “superkingdom” for Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota  
  • “No rank” replaces “superkingdom” for Viruses  

Continue reading “New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm”

NCBI Resources Highlighted in 2025 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue

NCBI Resources Highlighted in 2025 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue

The 2025 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue features papers from NCBI staff on ClinVar, PubChem, GenBank, RefSeq, and more. The citations are available in PubMed with full-text available in PubMed Central (PMC). To read an article, click on the PMCID number listed below. 

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information in 2025

PMCID: PMC11701734

NCBI provides online information resources for biology, including the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence repository and the PubMed® repository of citations and abstracts published in life science journals. NCBI is currently developing the NIH Comparative Genomics Resource (CGR) to facilitate reliable comparative genomics analyses with an NCBI Toolkit and community collaboration.

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NCBI Taxonomy: Upcoming Changes to Viruses

NCBI Taxonomy: Upcoming Changes to Viruses

To reflect changes to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN) made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), NCBI will add binomial species names to about 3000 viruses. These updates to NCBI Taxonomy are planned for spring 2025, but you can view the changes now in the ICTV’s Virus Metadata Resource. 

We recognize that the former species names like Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) are broadly used in public health, educational institutions, and research. To minimize the impact of this change on those who use NCBI resources, we will add the new binomial species names (e.g. Lentivirus humimdef1) while keeping the former names available in the lineage for each species. The former names will move below the new binomial species name in the taxonomy hierarchy, ensuring continuity. Examples are provided below.   Continue reading “NCBI Taxonomy: Upcoming Changes to Viruses”

RefSeq Release 227 is Available!

RefSeq Release 227 is Available!

Check out RefSeq release 227, now available online and from the FTP site. You can access RefSeq data through NCBI Datasets. The release is provided in several directories as a complete dataset and also as divided by logical groupings.

What’s included in this release?

As of November 4, 2024, this full release incorporates genomic, transcript, and protein data containing:

  • 497,549,107 records, including
  • 377,783,847 proteins
  • 66,987,567 RNAs
  • Sequences from 159,324 organisms 

Continue reading “RefSeq Release 227 is Available!”

NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Prokaryotes

NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Prokaryotes

As previously announced, NCBI is continuing to improve our Taxonomy resource. The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) recently introduced changes to the code of nomenclature that governs naming of prokaryotes. Following these changes, we are updating the higher-level classification of prokaryotes with the introduction of rank ‘kingdom’ and other changes for this group. The changes will first appear both in our legacy and new NCBI Datasets taxonomy browsers, followed by data records. This update affects every prokaryotic record and may impact some pipelines and tools using lineage and/or name recognition.   Continue reading “NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Prokaryotes”

Updated Bacterial and Archaeal Reference Genome Collection now Available!

Updated Bacterial and Archaeal Reference Genome Collection now Available!

Download the updated bacterial and archaeal reference genome collection! We built this collection of 20,403 genomes by selecting the “best” genome assembly for each species among the 350,000+ prokaryotic genomes in RefSeq (except for E. coli for which two assemblies were selected as reference). Changes have been made to the selection criteria including upgrades for type and complete assemblies resulting in a much larger set of changes as compared to previous updates.

What’s New?
  • 2,298 species have an updated reference       
  • 1,123 species are represented in this collection for the first time
  • 1,125 species have a better reference assembly than in the April 2024 set
  • 50 species were removed because of changes in NCBI Taxonomy or uncertainty in their species assignment 

Continue reading “Updated Bacterial and Archaeal Reference Genome Collection now Available!”

NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Yeasts

NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Yeasts

As previously announced, NCBI is continually making improvements to our Taxonomy resource in response to new data and changes in biological nomenclature. We recently made classification changes to budding yeasts and allies (Saccharomycotina), which consists of more than 1,200 species and exhibits levels of genomic diversity similar to those of plants and animals. This update affects more than six million records. Check out our new Taxonomy browser in NCBI Datasets.  Continue reading “NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Yeasts”

NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Birds (Aves)

NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Birds (Aves)

Recent molecular comparisons have better defined relationships among high-level taxonomic groups in birds. To reflect new data and classification changes, NCBI is improving our Taxonomy resource. As previously announced, we updated the higher-level classification of birds (Aves) with the introduction of a new major taxonomic group (clade).

What’s new?

The new clade, Neoaves, comprises about 95% of all birds. The Neoaves contain six major superordinal clades: 

Continue reading “NCBI Taxonomy Updates to Birds (Aves)”

Upcoming Changes to NCBI Taxonomy Classifications

Upcoming Changes to NCBI Taxonomy Classifications

NCBI is continually making improvements to our Taxonomy resource in response to new data and changes in biological nomenclature and classification. In the coming months, we will update the higher-level classification of birds (Aves), budding yeasts (Saccharomycotina), prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) and Viruses. This update will also change the formal ranks of several high-level taxonomic names including Eukaryota. Except for the new species names for Viruses, none of these changes will affect organism names at the species level or below.  

Here is a brief overview of changes to each group in the order we plan to make them. Stay tuned for upcoming posts, which will describe the changes for each category in more detail.  Continue reading “Upcoming Changes to NCBI Taxonomy Classifications”