Papers by Khalid Mohammed Breesem
Civil Engineering Journal, Jun 1, 2023
Concrete is a material that is strong in compression but weak in tension. To overcome this issue,... more Concrete is a material that is strong in compression but weak in tension. To overcome this issue, reinforcement must be used to improve the tensile strength of the concrete. However, it is acknowledged that steel has its drawbacks, such as the fact that it has a high cost and corrosion potential, and the rebar is heavy, non-renewable, and non-environmentally friendly. Thus, this experimental study investigates the potential product of economical reinforced concrete slabs using eco-friendly materials. Firstly, to enhance the concrete properties, a compressive, tensile, and flexural test, also a concrete with the addition of polypropylene fiber outlasted the control mix design in terms of strength and durability. The results included the control mix (CM), F1 0.25%, F2 0.50%, F3 0.75%, and F4 1%. The specimen with the highest compression and tensile strength was 24.28 MPa and 3.15 MPa, respectively, for the F1 specimen with 0.25% short fibers. Secondly, the bending test was carried out on ten slabs to check the structural behavior of these slabs reinforced with reed rods as the eco-friendly material. The good results of the bearing capacity of a partially reinforced concrete slab with a reed have been obtained at 23.8 kN. Meanwhile, to obtain better results, this research has enhanced the behavior of the concrete slab by improving the concrete's properties by adding polypropylene synthetic microfiber to the mixed concrete. In addition, giant reeds treated with epoxy increase the bonding strength with concrete, improve tensile strength properties, and reduce the absorption of reeds. Therefore, the bearing capacity results of the reed-reinforced concrete slab became the best, which were 35.83 kN. Thus, reinforcement of one-way slabs by reed partially with appropriate diameters could be substituted to obtain good performance in the reconstruction of low-cost buildings. As a result, economical reinforced concrete slabs have been produced using eco-friendly materials.
Civil Engineering Journal, 2023
In this study, a finite element analysis is conducted to study the behaviour of RC beams with dif... more In this study, a finite element analysis is conducted to study the behaviour of RC beams with different configurations of transverse reinforcement under torsion. These configurations of stirrups are traditional closed stirrups, circular spiral stirrups, and inclined rectangular spiral stirrups. The numerical torsional load values are compared with the experimental torsional load values from previous research. The numerical analysis determined by the ANSYS software shows a reasonable agreement with the experimental torsional load values. The numerical results demonstrate that the use of continuous rectangular spiral stirrups improved the torsional response compared to using another type of beam stirrup. Thus, numerical results show that continuous spiral stirrups are effective at increasing torsional capacity. It is also noted that the behaviour of these beams with continuous spiral stirrups is better than the behaviour of the beams with traditional stirrups. The beams with helical reinforcement, which are TB2, TB3, and TB4 spiral reinforcements, greatly enhanced the toughness. The equivalent stresses are 13.709, 13.728, 14.72, and 15.894 MPa, while the equivalent elastic strains are 0.00421, 0.00377, 0.00347, and 0.00539 mm/mm for the beams TB2, TB3, and TB4, respectively. The beam TB4 had the highest stress and strain value, so its strength improved its ductility properties. As a result, the stirrups' configurations enabled the detection of beam failure mechanisms by improving torsional behaviour when compared to the beam's traditional stirrups. As a result, this research adds more knowledge to the literature on the most effective spiral stirrups for transverse reinforcement to improve the torsional behaviour of beams.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023
Materials Science Forum, Feb 1, 2021
Portland cement-based grouting compound is called GP-Grout employed to produce a sort concrete as... more Portland cement-based grouting compound is called GP-Grout employed to produce a sort concrete as a replacement from the weight of cement in mixes and strengthened with steel nails to enhance the mechanical properties. GP-Grout replaced cement by 25%, 50% and 75% while the steel nails as locally steel fibres were used with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2 % and 3% by volume of concrete. GP-Grout powder enhanced mechanical properties of ordinary concrete especially; the compressive strength by increasing from 34 to 70 MPa as well as other properties including tensile and flexural strength with clear improvement by adding the steel nails at a ratio of 3% by volume and the results were 5.67, 9.81 MPa respectively.
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2020
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2020
Non-destructive testing (NDT) of concrete to evaluate its properties has been observed getting at... more Non-destructive testing (NDT) of concrete to evaluate its properties has been observed getting attention increasingly in many countries. One of such NDT method is ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test. However, limited amount of research have been reported to investigate properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) where Portland cement is replaced by pozzolanic materials Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of replacement of cement by four pozzolanic materials in the production of SCC. In achieving the aim of the study, treated alum sludge (TAS), silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA) and natural zeolite (NZ) were used to replace cement in the experimental work. Results showed that the values of UPV indicate the changes in the strength by increasing in strength with the period. UPV and the crushing compressive strength of SCC are inter-related, and the correlation coefficient was determined for the proposed equations. There was no unique relationship can be established to cover all SCC specimens. However, it is observed that with a specific level of water to cement ratio as well as a range of strengths, certain clear relationships can be established and used without a need of the destructive test.
ABSTRACT Alum sludge is a waste material generated in massive quantities from treatment plants th... more ABSTRACT Alum sludge is a waste material generated in massive quantities from treatment plants that use aluminium salt as a coagulant. Past researches evidently indicated health and environmental hazards in conjunction to its conventional disposal. Limited uses of alum sludge in various industrial and commercial manufacturing processes in specific types of concrete not including self-compacting concrete has been reported. This paper presents a review on behaviour of self-compacting concrete with different types of waste materials and chemical admixtures as addition in concrete mix. Data derived from many studies showed a wide range of wastes and admixtures were used for production of SCC. The compressive strength is considered the most important factor on comparison with original mixes without any addition as well as the microstructure characterization. However, the production of SCC always contains powerful superplasticizer and viscosity-modifying admixture that were necessary. The paper also reviewed the application of admixture and their performance on quality and their effect on fresh and hardened properties. The results indicated the feasibility of using waste materials in SCC mixes and appeared the most influence on the workability and long-term performance.
IOP conference series, Jul 1, 2020
The adding of silica fume to mix is becoming a huge benefit due to an improvement of mechanical p... more The adding of silica fume to mix is becoming a huge benefit due to an improvement of mechanical properties. The percent of adding is very important to get targeted mechanical properties. This study investigates the behaviour of polymer modified concrete (PMC) modified with different percentages of silica fume as a percentage of cement weight. Using silica fume powder leads to improve the behaviour of the stress-strain diagram until 10% from the weight of cement, and to increase the values of modulus of elasticity. More dosages of silica fume decrease the modulus of elasticity. The modulus of elasticity increased from 27932 MPa for reference mixes to 43029 MPa for mixes having 10% silica fume powder. Also the of flexural strength increases by increasing silica fume to 12.5%, then after this value is dropped. All of the tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity have been studied in this investigation.
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2018
Lecture notes in civil engineering, May 13, 2018
The type of concrete called Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is well accepted nowadays by construct... more The type of concrete called Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is well accepted nowadays by construction industries because of its flowability. In this study, the effect of natural zeolite (NZ) (Clinoptilolite) on the behaviour of self-compacting concrete was observed. Different percentages of NZ (5, 10 and 15%) by weight of cement were used in replacing cement. Water to powder (w/p) ratio was chosen 0.36, 0.38 and 0.4. Slump flow and V-funnel tests were used in investigating the concrete’s fresh properties; and the compressive strength was investigated at 3 and 7 days of curing. Results showed that the flowability decreases with an increasing amount of NZ. It was also observed that the specimens which had clinoptilolite had lower compressive strengths than that of the control specimens within the period of 3 days. However, after 7 days, strengths of SCC become closer to the strength of control specimens. It can be considered as a clear improvement in strength after 7 days for mixes containing NZ up to 10% compared to control mixes. Therefore, it can be said that NZ can be utilised up to 10% to replace cement in the production of SCC.
IOP conference series, Dec 12, 2018
In order to reduce the cost and improve the performance of potash feldspar (PF)/unsaturated polye... more In order to reduce the cost and improve the performance of potash feldspar (PF)/unsaturated polyester (UP) composites, the effects of potash feldspar loading towards mechanical, physical, and morphology of UP/PF composites were studied. In this study, the UP/PF composites with varies ratio of potash feldspar (2.50, 5.00, 7.50, and 10.00 phr) were prepared by using casting technique. The results showed that the potash feldspar can improve mechanical properties of UP/PF composites effectively. For the best tensile and flexural properties of UP/PFF composites, the appropriate amount of potash feldspar was 5.00 phr. The potash feldspar amount for preparation of UP/PFF composites should be based on the processing requirements and the demands for different working conditions.
Modern Applied Science, Jun 18, 2016
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a new revolution in concrete technology that made with no vibra... more Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a new revolution in concrete technology that made with no vibration equipment in placing and compaction. Totally, filling formwork and accomplishing full compacting under its own weight only, even when is attendance of crowded reinforcement. One of the issues that impact SCC durability is sulphate attack. The influence of magnesium sulfate attack was investigated for SCC having treated alum sludge (TAS) with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at replacement ratios of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% as well as, six SCC containing TAS, fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF) and natural zeolite (NZ) replaced cement by15%, 15%, 6% and 10%, respectively. By visual inspection of all samples of SCC, there was no indication of deterioration on the surface of samples after 90 days and 180 days. In terms of compressive strength, there was developed with samples substituted OPC by 15% TAS compared with control SCC and the others SCC replacement levels. A similar conclusion was observed of the characteristics of SCC on weight compared with control SCC. Results proved that the SCC contain TAS have higher resistance against sulfate attack as well as the maximum value of mass loss and variation in weight are noted for the control SCC compared with SCC content TAS. Finally, in spite of the system of blended in SCC was investigated in several studies and so far, more investigations are required to fully explore its behavior, especially with new materials which is alum sludge that refer to the pioneering aspect of the present.
Civil Engineering Journal
Concrete is a material that is strong in compression but weak in tension. To overcome this issue,... more Concrete is a material that is strong in compression but weak in tension. To overcome this issue, reinforcement must be used to improve the tensile strength of the concrete. However, it is acknowledged that steel has its drawbacks, such as the fact that it has a high cost and corrosion potential, and the rebar is heavy, non-renewable, and non-environmentally friendly. Thus, this experimental study investigates the potential product of economical reinforced concrete slabs using eco-friendly materials. Firstly, to enhance the concrete properties, a compressive, tensile, and flexural test, also a concrete with the addition of polypropylene fiber outlasted the control mix design in terms of strength and durability. The results included the control mix (CM), F1 0.25%, F2 0.50%, F3 0.75%, and F4 1%. The specimen with the highest compression and tensile strength was 24.28 MPa and 3.15 MPa, respectively, for the F1 specimen with 0.25% short fibers. Secondly, the bending test was carried out...
Materials Today: Proceedings
One of the global problems that is associated with production of potable water is alum sludge whe... more One of the global problems that is associated with production of potable water is alum sludge when aluminum sulfate (Al2SO4 .18H2O) is used as a coagulant. The quantities of over 2.0 million tons of water treatment sludge or residue (WTS) is produced annually by the water operators across Malaysia [1]. It is important to realize that the generation of alum sludge may remain unavoidable in the current processing of drinking water treatment technologies. To comply of disposal of waste standards set by the local/federal authority makes researchers looking for alternative construction materials as a substitute to traditional materials likes cement, ceramic, bricks, tiles and aggregates in manner of reducing the impact of these waste on environment. Series of researches aimed to beneficial reuse in an effort to close the gap between enormous amounts of alum sludge and relieve pollution. However, the most common methods of disposal still depend on land application, reuse for agricultural ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The adding of silica fume to mix is becoming a huge benefit due to an improvement of mechanical p... more The adding of silica fume to mix is becoming a huge benefit due to an improvement of mechanical properties. The percent of adding is very important to get targeted mechanical properties. This study investigates the behaviour of polymer modified concrete (PMC) modified with different percentages of silica fume as a percentage of cement weight. Using silica fume powder leads to improve the behaviour of the stress-strain diagram until 10% from the weight of cement, and to increase the values of modulus of elasticity. More dosages of silica fume decrease the modulus of elasticity. The modulus of elasticity increased from 27932 MPa for reference mixes to 43029 MPa for mixes having 10% silica fume powder. Also the of flexural strength increases by increasing silica fume to 12.5%, then after this value is dropped. All of the tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity have been studied in this investigation.
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE (IConMEAS 2019), 2020
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018
The disposal of alum sludge (AS) produced from drinking water treatment plants is gradually becom... more The disposal of alum sludge (AS) produced from drinking water treatment plants is gradually becoming a threat to the environment. The conventional disposal by landfill is not feasible because AS is considered as hazardous waste. By contrast, treated alum sludge (TAS) contains useful chemical compounds (silicon dioxide and aluminium trioxide which are the main constituents of cement). This study explored the influence of TAS on the production of high-strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) made up of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% cement replacement. The experimental work was divided into 15 mixes as well as three control mixes with three different water/powder (w/p) ratios (0.36, 0.38 and 0.4). The fresh properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) were determined via the slump flow, V-funnel, V-funnel at T5 min and L-box tests to meet the flowability requirements. The strength and durability properties of SCC were also tested at different specimen ages. In addition, the effects of elevated temperature on TASincorporated concrete were observed at different temperatures for 3 h. Experimental results revealed the encouraging effects of TAS on the fresh, hardened and durability properties of HSSCC with maximum
Civil Engineering Journal, 2023
In this study, a finite element analysis is conducted to study the behaviour of RC beams with dif... more In this study, a finite element analysis is conducted to study the behaviour of RC beams with different configurations of transverse reinforcement under torsion. These configurations of stirrups are traditional closed stirrups, circular spiral stirrups, and inclined rectangular spiral stirrups. The numerical torsional load values are compared with the experimental torsional load values from previous research. The numerical analysis determined by the ANSYS software shows a reasonable agreement with the experimental torsional load values. The numerical results demonstrate that the use of continuous rectangular spiral stirrups improved the torsional response compared to using another type of beam stirrup. Thus, numerical results show that continuous spiral stirrups are effective at increasing torsional capacity. It is also noted that the behaviour of these beams with continuous spiral stirrups is better than the behaviour of the beams with traditional stirrups. The beams with helical reinforcement, which are TB2, TB3, and TB4 spiral reinforcements, greatly enhanced the toughness. The equivalent stresses are 13.709, 13.728, 14.72, and 15.894 MPa, while the equivalent elastic strains are 0.00421, 0.00377, 0.00347, and 0.00539 mm/mm for the beams TB2, TB3, and TB4, respectively. The beam TB4 had the highest stress and strain value, so its strength improved its ductility properties. As a result, the stirrups' configurations enabled the detection of beam failure mechanisms by improving torsional behaviour when compared to the beam's traditional stirrups. As a result, this research adds more knowledge to the literature on the most effective spiral stirrups for transverse reinforcement to improve the torsional behaviour of beams.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
In order to reduce the cost and improve the performance of potash feldspar (PF)/unsaturated polye... more In order to reduce the cost and improve the performance of potash feldspar (PF)/unsaturated polyester (UP) composites, the effects of potash feldspar loading towards mechanical, physical, and morphology of UP/PF composites were studied. In this study, the UP/PF composites with varies ratio of potash feldspar (2.50, 5.00, 7.50, and 10.00 phr) were prepared by using casting technique. The results showed that the potash feldspar can improve mechanical properties of UP/PF composites effectively. For the best tensile and flexural properties of UP/PFF composites, the appropriate amount of potash feldspar was 5.00 phr. The potash feldspar amount for preparation of UP/PFF composites should be based on the processing requirements and the demands for different working conditions.
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Papers by Khalid Mohammed Breesem