Education

Temsula Ao"s "These Hills called Home: Stories from a War Zone" explores the depth of Naga Insurgence, which still remains as one of the oldest unresolved armed conflicts in Northeast India. This paper seeks to understand how Insurgency fashion the identity of Naga youths in their struggle to free themselves from the bondage of "foreigners". Nagas, being ethnically, linguistically and culturally distant from the other states of India, was discontent with the delineation of territories after the post-independence. Insurgency has caught Nagas in the spiral of violence, with bewildering experiences, yet they continue to speak of the home, identity, nation, nationality, and kept fighting, amidst endless torments and atrocities. Temsula Ao, gives the woeful taste of insurgency, where no one is left untouched by violence. She describe about the youth"s life, being snatched away to become ruthless killers, and as they grew old, unable to resist to tell the tale of unspeakable terrors they have witnessed. This paper attempts to present how the identities of many Naga youths were built in their search for identity as insurgents, either out of compulsion or mandate to be "patriots".

The Mao Naga tribe is one of the emerging tribe in Manipur state. Though, the introduction of modern education has impacted the lives of Mao in various aspects, the growth and development rate remains stagnant. Performance of the students was very disappointing in the past preceding years. The secondary education system in the area seems to have plague with multiple problems. This paper is an attempt to highlight the many problems hampering the growth of secondary education in the area. The study was based on direct observation and interaction with various stakeholders. The study found out some prominent problem such as insufficient teachers, linguistic difficulties and lack of adequate infrastructure.

District Institute of Education and Training (DIETs) plays a vital role in facilitating elementary teachers in Nagaland state. It started with an aim to equip teachers with the latest development in teaching profession. The institute has been delivering immense contribution towards the development of teachers. The institutes also face hurdles in the smooth functioning of the same. The present study tries to bring out various problems which hamper the growth of elementary teacher-education in the state. Opinions of principals, teacher-educators and teacher-trainees are considered for the study apart from secondary sources. The study highlights various problems ranging from teacher related to syllabus, infrastructure, administration, etc. Lack of sincerity among teachers; irregularity among the teachers; lack of financial assistance; and inadequate infrastructure are some of the prominent problems among the many problems derived from the study.

Social media has brought about a revolution in the learning process. Effective use of social media not only enhances learning processes, it offers wide range to explore more. It cut-across all spheres of learning development providing wide array of opportunity to learn at low cost. Learning of English language is now wide open for any learners, anytime through social media. In spite of these advantages, rural students were left behind due to their remoteness and other various constraints. The present study focuses on the frequency of using social media among the rural students; understanding the purpose of social media for learning English language; and problems related to efficient use. The study reveals that rural students were able to use social media for learning English language up to a certain extent but unable to use it effectively and efficiently.

The recommendations of the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in fashioning the general curriculum and dynamics of education through the introduction of Information and Communication Technology at every level has brought about a new outlook. It intend to revolutionise the Indian education system putting emphasis on learners' holistic development and creating individuals equipped with 21 st century skills. The policy stress for inculcation of innovative technologies that will cater to the needs of the learners promoting conceptual understanding, creativity, critical thinking, and other life skills. In the IT era, the introduction of ICT in education is paramount and it demands for extensive inclusion. This paper aims to discuss the guiding principles of ICT enumerated in NEP 2020 and their implications in the actual classroom situations. The NEP 2020 sought for solutions to cater to the changing dynamics in education bridging the gaps of the conventional and contemporary challenges. Not only shifting the philosophy of education from idealism to experientialism, it also tries to inculcate the essence of futuristic ideals.