Department of Geological Sciences

Geomorphologically the twin villages of Malhostovice-Nuzířov fall into the Boskovická brázda (Boskovice Furrow) region. Surface finds evidence dense occupation during the Neolithic; though to date there are only a few well-examined and documented sites in the area. A recent rescue excavation of part of a settlement site, by UAPP Brno, v.v.i., found evidence of Linear Band Culture (LBK) and Moravian Painted Ware Culture (MBK). Various types of pits were identified, including a part of the ground plan of a LBK long house and a few kilns. This article focuses on an evaluation of the site and assemblage of the site.

Práce je zaměřena na kompletní zpracování dvou geograficky i časově vzájemně blízkých lokalit: opevněného výšinného sídliště Krhov "Malý Chlum" s osídlením v pozdní době bronzové a v době halštatské a nížinného sídliště Obora "Pod Chlumem" s doklady kovovýroby v mladším a pozdním halštatu. Hlavní důraz byl kladen na zpracování archeologického materiálu z těchto lokalit. Na základě rozboru keramiky byly stanoveny jednotlivé sídelní horizonty. Zpracovávané lokality jsou v závěru práce zařazeny do kontextu pozdně bronzového a halštatského osídlení Malé Hané./Text presents an overall evaluation of two important archeological sites that are close to each other both in terms of geography and time. One is a fortified hilltop settlement Krhov "Malý Chlum" with settlement from the Late Bronze Age and Hallstatt period, the other is a lowland settlement Obora "Pod Chlumem" with pieces of evidence of metal works from young and late Hallstatt period. This paper mainly focuses on processing archaeological material from these sites. Following an analysis of this ceramic material, several phases of settlement were defined. In conclusion, both sites are assessed in the context of Malá Haná settlements of the Late Bronze Age and Hallstatt period.

ARCHEOLOGICKÝ VÝZKUM: Na "Olivetské hoře", dominantě města Litomyšle, leží zámecký areál, který je ARCHEOLOGICKÝ VÝZKUM: Na "Olivetské hoře", dominantě města Litomyšle, leží zámecký areál, který je zapsán na Seznam světového dědictví UNESCO. Od roku 2011 zde probíhá v rámci akce Revitalizace zámeckého návrší v Litomyšli záchranný archeologický výzkum, který přináší velké množství nových informací o historické zástavbě Zámeckého návrší od 12. do 19. století. Revitalizací prochází celkem jedenáct objektů (obr. 1): Jízdárna (plocha 1), Pivovar (2), Konírna (3), Piaristická kolej (4), Kočárovna (5), Kostel (6), I. nádvoří (7), Předzámčí (8), Park (9), Stáje (10) a Horní nádvoří (5, 11). Z mladohradištního osídlení byl v Jiráskově ulici odkryt zahloubený dům se sloupovou konstrukcí, na jehož zásypu je založena dřevěná konstrukce z kůlů a prken, která je předběžně interpretována jako zpevněná cesta. Dalším raně středověkým konstrukce z kůlů a prken, která je předběžně interpretována jako zpevněná cesta. Dalším raně středověkým nálezem je pec. Tato situace je překryta hřbitovem v blízkosti předpokládaného kostela sv. Klimenta, který se pravděpodobně nacházel v prostoru před dnešním muzeem, rohem francouzské zahrady, piaristickým kostelem a bývalou piaristickou kolejí. Existence kostela a hřbitova je datována nejpozději od poloviny 13. století do století 15., kdy kostel zanikl při husitských nepokojích a hřbitov se přestal užívat. Archeologickým výzkumem bylo potvrzeno narušení hřbitova v polovině 17. století stavbou piaristické koleje. Největším souborem odkryté torzální architektury jsou základy a suterény domů Horního města Kostků z Postupic z 2. pol. 15. století. Jeden z domů i s následnými přestavbami byl odkryt na přístavbě piaristické koleje, další tři pol. 15. století. Jeden z domů i s následnými přestavbami byl odkryt na přístavbě piaristické koleje, další tři domy s proraženými klenbami sklepů byly nalezeny v jejím rajském dvoře a torza dalších domů na Předzámčí v oblasti kolem muzea. Ty jsou navíc v zadní části jedné z parcel doplněny plochostropým sklepem bez kamenné konstrukce. Zjištěn byl i kompletně zachovaný sklep z 16. století. Významný nález představuje část půdorysu bašty na severní straně zámku, která buď souvisí s kostkovským městem a hradem, nebo snad s opevněním biskupského areálu. Další nálezy náležící kostkovskému Hornímu městu patří opevnění s hradbou a nejméně jedním příkopem v prostoru mezi Horním a I. nádvořím. Z anglického parku, který byl výrazně zaplněnější než dnes, pochází četné drobné stavby. Vedle základů grotty byly Obr. 1: Litomyšl -zámecké návrší. Zkoumané plochy. Foto: Labrys, o. p. s. parku, který byl výrazně zaplněnější než dnes, pochází četné drobné stavby. Vedle základů grotty byly odkryty základy oranžérie s teplovzdušným vytápěním a několik dalších neznámých základů.

Uherské Hradiště, as an important and strategically situated city used to have a stone fortification which was developed through centuries, strived and finally disappeared as a result of construction of a new baroque fortification, of a larger house-building and new partition. In modern times, including present-day activities its remnants were damaged by numerous activities, e.g. underground services and basement of new houses, many of which were a subject to an archaeological research. On the recent cases is uncovering of circa 12 m long inner medieval fortification wall in Dlouhá Street as a result of an archaeological research before construction of a new apartment house with shops. Before the construction two test pits were made aimed at uncovering possible line of medieval fortification on the above mentioned plot. It was reasonable to expect the line to be found here on the basis of the old iconographical materials and maps. The idea was supported by previous archaeological activities in Dlouhá Street and its close surroundings during which a destruction of the inner part of fortification was discovered as a result of revitalisation of a sewer.
The most important discovery was an archaeological situation from the test pit 1 with the remnants of stone fortification the origins of which, according to written sources, date back to 14th century. Besides the fortification itself a unique finding of a wooden construction at the base of fortification was made. On the basis of laboratory tests it can be provisionally interpreted as a timber support of a gutter outlet for waste water. From the chronological point of view we can date the oldest layers of settlement along the fortification back to 2nd half of 13th century. Late medieval layers were damaged by modern-times activities from renaissance and baroque periods. Besides others, a modern-times sewer outlet was discovered consisting of two lime stone gutters and built in into the original fortification by burnt bricks. As for other structures a documented profile of a lime pit and some basements of modern-times constructions some of which were provided with cellars, are worth mentioning. The youngest findings are those of a pavement made of cobblestones circa 50 cm under the current surface from the
half of 20th century. Due to the documentation of this situation we can get the idea of numerous banks creating a current horizon.
Among the number of archaeological medieval findings a unique well preserved golden necklace and a small silver badge with vegetable motif are worth mentioning. These artefact are completed by a wide plaque of kitchen and table ceramic, numerous chips of animal bones and shards of glass containers as well as metallic objects. Due to permanently wet surroundings in waterlogged underlying clays some little wooden objects were preserved and, surprisingly enough, also a large variety of seeds and parts of stones and shells.
In the second test pit (3×2.5 m) the remnants of original medieval parcelling were found. Basements of two development phases of stone constructions joined by clay or lime mortar were uncovered. These can be dated to high medieval times as well mainly due to supporting ceramic materials. Thus the archaeological situations from the second test pit are another important lead in solution the question of development of the original medieval parcelling in Uherské Hradiště.
Dating of the walls back to the 14th century is also an important contribution to handling the problem of the development and construction of the body of fortification walls. Even though the basement of the rampart was built on a clay subsoil, the layers at the foot of the basement originated as a result of functioning of gutter outlets. Thus the material in the context of 121, 122, and 123 had to be deposited already at the time when the body of the fortification had already been built. The construction of the body of rampart may be supposed as to be carried out in two phases, which is supported by archaeological research in Dlouhá Street, by older researches and by the theory by Z. Gardavský. The first phase was carried out in 14th century, the oldest documented part of the fortification is the old town gate dated back to the first half of 14th century. In the second phase, during 16th century, the construction was widened in its north-wet and south-west parts. The two phase appears to be very probable, based on the known situations. Nevertheless, the question remains why, with the exception of Nádražní Street, the body of fortification separating the newly enclosed area from the original one was not uncovered and why there are no traces of the older phase in iconographical materials. However we can not exclude the possibility of only one-phase construction of the walls, that the younger rampart segments could be repairs after floods or wars.

Uherský Brod is among the oldest king’s towns in the area of south-east Moravia. Its strategic location above the ford near Moravian Slovak border accentuated by the White Carpathian mountain range has made it an important point of Moravian medieval border the function of which was, among the remaining ones, to secure the collection of toll for crossing the river Olšava. Rich development of the town in both medieval and modern times is thus demonstrated in archaeological sources. Rescue archaeological excavations in Uherský Brod related to building development of the built up areas have a long tradition. The older researches were followed by the archaeological research in Hradní Square in 2015 and it documented medieval and modern times layers uncovered in several profiles during the construction of a new poly-functional house. The area of the construction mentioned above is situated in the old built up area near the northern part of the medieval fortification on the crossroads of Hradní Square and Přemysl Otakar II Street, running from the town towards the chateau area. From the historical point of view the area is situated on the very edge of the medieval and early modern settlement. (Fig.1)
Four stratigraphic situations consisting of successive medieval and modern-times layers were documented during the excavation. Considering the absence of medieval contexts in the stratigraphy
of the northern profile and their manifestation in the western segment of the profile of the excavation for a staircase, it is possible that it was the original range of medieval parcelling was uncovered oriented east to west and running outside the building to the east. One medieval object was registered during the excavation in the eastern part of the examined plot. On the basis of analogical researches the object was interpreted as an embedded basement of elevated building. Due to anomalies of the filling of the object and the residues of rotten wood some possible wooden constructions inside the basement may be considered. From the chronological point of view the high medieval settlement on the plot may be dated roughly to the second half of the 13th century but mainly to 14th century. Despite the fact that the original construction provided with cellars destroyed a large part of the original town plot a rough information about its character and chronology of the settlement could be obtained adding to our knowledge of the topographical development of the king’s town of Uherský Brod.

The Dolní Vě stonice-Pavlov-Milovice area (Czech Republic) on the slopes of the Pavlov Hills provides an opportunity for correlating the geomorphology of the Dyje River valley with Gravettian settlement patterns. Although the sites vary in size and complexity, they create a regular chain of strategic locations at elevations between 200 m and 240 m asl. In 2009, a road collapsed into deserted cellars inside the village of Milovice and revealed a complex of archaeological layers deep within loess, at an elevation of only 175 m asl. This paper presents an analysis of this atypical archaeological site location and compares the results with the other sites. We argue that this location allowed direct contact with mammoth herds concentrated on the floodplain, while the aquatic environment offered possibilities for gathering plants and fishing. This site represents a new aspect of organized settlement, hunting strategies, and short-distance human movements during the Gravettian within this area.

Two shallow boreholes were drilled in 2010 into the Badenian (Langhian) parastratotype at Židlochovice (Carpathian Foredeep, NN5 Zone, Czech Republic). Their profiles (26 m of sediment) were studied comprehensively (sedimentology, palaeontology -calcareous nannoplankton, red algae, palynology, Foraminifera, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Ostracoda, Mollusca, Teleostei and Elasmobranchii). The sedimentary succesion was biostratigraphically correlated with the NN5 Zone (14.9-13.9 Ma), namely with the initial time of the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition. Seven lithofacies representing multiple alternations of mudstone, sandstone and limestone facies were recognised within sedimentary succession. Fossils generally indicated a normal marine, warm to subtropical environment. The generally shallowing trend from the bottom (epibathyal/circalittoral) to the top (shallow infralittoral) of the sedimentary succession with repeated palaeobathymetric changes could be recognized in both boreholes. A mainly subtropical character of terrestrial flora was recorded. Within this framework, either warm wet conditions with seasonal increases, or cooler phases were observed. The abrupt change from mudstone deposited in a calm palaeoenvironment of the upper bathyal/circalittoral to the variegated deposits of shallow water represents the most significant event correlable with the FO of Orbulina (approximately 14.5-14.6 Ma). The interval below the FO of Orbulina can be characterized by mudstone facies and significantly stable conditions of deposition, high nutrient input and a decrease of oxygen content at the bottom. Seasonal stratification of the water column is probable. Within this interval, cooling and an increase of seasonality were recorded. Above the FO of Orbulina, there is evidence of shallowing connected with a higher flow regime and higher sedimentation rate. The alternation of thick redalgal limestone bodies (a stable shallow palaeoenvironment with low terrigenous input and seagrass meadows) and variegated sandstone, mudstone and limestone interbeds (in an unstable deeper environment) possibly reflects orbitally forced climatic cyclicity. eschweizerbart_xxx Potamogetaceae Potamogeton Potamogeton sp. 2 1 1 Sparganiaceae Sparganium Sparganiaceaepollenites sp.

Two shallow boreholes were drilled in 2010 into the Badenian (Langhian) parastratotype at Židlochovice (Carpathian Foredeep, NN5 Zone, Czech Republic). Their profiles (26 m of sediment) were studied comprehensively (sedimentology, palaeontology -calcareous nannoplankton, red algae, palynology, Foraminifera, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Ostracoda, Mollusca, Teleostei and Elasmobranchii). The sedimentary succesion was biostratigraphically correlated with the NN5 Zone (14.9-13.9 Ma), namely with the initial time of the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition. Seven lithofacies representing multiple alternations of mudstone, sandstone and limestone facies were recognised within sedimentary succession. Fossils generally indicated a normal marine, warm to subtropical environment. The generally shallowing trend from the bottom (epibathyal/circalittoral) to the top (shallow infralittoral) of the sedimentary succession with repeated palaeobathymetric changes could be recognized in both boreholes. A mainly subtropical character of terrestrial flora was recorded. Within this framework, either warm wet conditions with seasonal increases, or cooler phases were observed. The abrupt change from mudstone deposited in a calm palaeoenvironment of the upper bathyal/circalittoral to the variegated deposits of shallow water represents the most significant event correlable with the FO of Orbulina (approximately 14.5-14.6 Ma). The interval below the FO of Orbulina can be characterized by mudstone facies and significantly stable conditions of deposition, high nutrient input and a decrease of oxygen content at the bottom. Seasonal stratification of the water column is probable. Within this interval, cooling and an increase of seasonality were recorded. Above the FO of Orbulina, there is evidence of shallowing connected with a higher flow regime and higher sedimentation rate. The alternation of thick redalgal limestone bodies (a stable shallow palaeoenvironment with low terrigenous input and seagrass meadows) and variegated sandstone, mudstone and limestone interbeds (in an unstable deeper environment) possibly reflects orbitally forced climatic cyclicity. eschweizerbart_xxx Potamogetaceae Potamogeton Potamogeton sp. 2 1 1 Sparganiaceae Sparganium Sparganiaceaepollenites sp.