Although natural resource exploitation has a long tradition, modern resource management is a more... more Although natural resource exploitation has a long tradition, modern resource management is a more recent phenomenon. The huge variety in natural resource exploitation has made it difficult to place the industrial harvesting of marine living resources under political and managerial control. For most of history fish and fishing people have for all practical purposes been unmanageable. From the late 1960s, when it became apparent that important fisheries resources were about to be overexploited by industrial technologies, the process to transform fish, fishing people and fishing technologies to make them manageable has intensified. The management process contributes to an organizational change in the fisheries in which cybernetic forms of organization create complex and heterogeneous networks linking together nature, society, technology, science, markets, and policy in new ways. With Actor-Network Theory (ant) and the history of industrial commercial fisheries in Norway, Canada and worldwide as points of departure, this article outlines a theoretical framework for the study of how natural and social entities are transformed and linked together to become modern fisheries resource management.
Available online http://www.alternativesjournal.ca/science-and-solutions/wheres-fish
Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2005
Amidst the failures of fisheries across the globe and the perceived failure of scientific fisheri... more Amidst the failures of fisheries across the globe and the perceived failure of scientific fisheries management, some recent scholarship has focused attention on the nature and collection of fishers' knowledge, and on the potential utility of that knowledge to fisheries management. This chapter summarises the results of recent research on fish harvesters' local ecological knowledge (LEK) and its interactions with fisheries science and management in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We treat LEK, science and management as parallel, interacting socio-ecological knowledge systems that are internally complex and dynamic. We begin by characterising the dynamism of LEK in Newfoundland fisheries and then describe the rise of a linked fisheries science and management framework in Canada in the 1970s and 1980s that contributed to the marginalisation of fish harvesters' LEK, particularly that of small boat fishers. We then explore the changing interactions between LEK, governance and science in Newfoundland, associated with a recently shifting international discourse that highlights the need for participation and the devolution of some responsibility and authority for fisheries management from centralised state bureaucracies and government-funded and controlled fisheries science to harvesters and other 'stakeholder' groups. Two case studies, comparing and contrasting the role of harvesters and LEK in the management of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American lobster (Homarus americanus) fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador since 1992, are then used as examples of the interactions between these actors and their knowledge systems in practice. We conclude with a discussion of some of the potential benefits and dangers associated with this emerging contemporary relationship between harvesters and their knowledge, fisheries science, participation and governance in Newfoundland and Labrador.
This dissertation aims to understand the history of, and possible alternatives to, managerial res... more This dissertation aims to understand the history of, and possible alternatives to, managerial responses to socio-ecological issues by examining one of the largest natural resource management failures of the twentieth century—the collapse of the Northern cod fisheries off ...
Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 2013
To date, the local food system movement has focused primarily on the agri-food system. In our com... more To date, the local food system movement has focused primarily on the agri-food system. In our commentary, we suggest some ways of moving forward that may help ensure that research and discourse in the area of sustainable food systems more actively consider the role of small-scale fisheries. Specifically, we point to the need for a more integrated food system that includes both marine and freshwater fish as part of the food system, considers food and fisheries as complex and adaptive systems, and supports cross-sector policy-making for local food systems across agriculture and fisheries systems.
Three major strategies exist for the protection of endangered habitat and species: (1) land acqui... more Three major strategies exist for the protection of endangered habitat and species: (1) land acquisition programs, (2) government legislation and regulatory agencies, and (3) "stewardship" programs that are voluntary and community-based. While all of these strategies have merit, we suggest that stewardship holds particular advantages and should be considered more often as a strategy of first choice. In this article, we examine the Municipal Wetland Stewardship program of Newfoundland, a popular and successful Canadian policy for the local protection of wetlands. Important issues are at stake: competing philosophical foundations for managerial ecology, the value of "local ecological knowledge," principles of community-based conservation, the question of whether stewardship empowers local communities or controls them from afar, and ethical conflicts around American colonialism, hunting, and ecotourism. The results suggest that despite some potentially problematic ironies, the Newfoundland program provides a model for a public policy aimed both at the pragmatics of biophysical sustainability and at the ideals of environmental ethics, social justice, and democratic politics.
This paper adopts a complex systems perspective to understand the development of industrial aquac... more This paper adopts a complex systems perspective to understand the development of industrial aquaculture in Newfoundland and Labrador. The first section explores the underlying industrial paradigm that has guided wild-stock management and aquaculture development in the province. Biophysical, sociopolitical, economic, and cultural-ethical systems are each examined and similarities between industrial aquaculture and the deleterious pattern of resource management applied to the Northern cod fishery are highlighted. The paper concludes by exploring alternatives to industrial aquaculture that emerge from a complex systems perspective.
Agyeman, Julian and Yelena Ogneva-Himmelberger (eds.). Environmental Justice and Sustainability i... more Agyeman, Julian and Yelena Ogneva-Himmelberger (eds.). Environmental Justice and Sustainability in the Former Soviet Union. London and Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2009. 281+pp. Albala, Ken and Trudy Eden (eds.). Food and Faith in Christian Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011. 265+pp. Aubertin, Catherine and Estienne Rodary (eds.). Protected Areas, Sustainable Land? Burlington, VT and Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Co., 2011. 183+pp. Barnham, Elizabeth and Bertil Sylvander.Labels of Origin for Food: Local ...
Although natural resource exploitation has a long tradition, modern resource management is a more... more Although natural resource exploitation has a long tradition, modern resource management is a more recent phenomenon. The huge variety in natural resource exploitation has made it difficult to place the industrial harvesting of marine living resources under political and managerial control. For most of history fish and fishing people have for all practical purposes been unmanageable. From the late 1960s, when it became apparent that important fisheries resources were about to be overexploited by industrial technologies, the process to transform fish, fishing people and fishing technologies to make them manageable has intensified. The management process contributes to an organizational change in the fisheries in which cybernetic forms of organization create complex and heterogeneous networks linking together nature, society, technology, science, markets, and policy in new ways. With Actor-Network Theory (ant) and the history of industrial commercial fisheries in Norway, Canada and worldwide as points of departure, this article outlines a theoretical framework for the study of how natural and social entities are transformed and linked together to become modern fisheries resource management.
Available online http://www.alternativesjournal.ca/science-and-solutions/wheres-fish
Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2005
Amidst the failures of fisheries across the globe and the perceived failure of scientific fisheri... more Amidst the failures of fisheries across the globe and the perceived failure of scientific fisheries management, some recent scholarship has focused attention on the nature and collection of fishers' knowledge, and on the potential utility of that knowledge to fisheries management. This chapter summarises the results of recent research on fish harvesters' local ecological knowledge (LEK) and its interactions with fisheries science and management in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We treat LEK, science and management as parallel, interacting socio-ecological knowledge systems that are internally complex and dynamic. We begin by characterising the dynamism of LEK in Newfoundland fisheries and then describe the rise of a linked fisheries science and management framework in Canada in the 1970s and 1980s that contributed to the marginalisation of fish harvesters' LEK, particularly that of small boat fishers. We then explore the changing interactions between LEK, governance and science in Newfoundland, associated with a recently shifting international discourse that highlights the need for participation and the devolution of some responsibility and authority for fisheries management from centralised state bureaucracies and government-funded and controlled fisheries science to harvesters and other 'stakeholder' groups. Two case studies, comparing and contrasting the role of harvesters and LEK in the management of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American lobster (Homarus americanus) fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador since 1992, are then used as examples of the interactions between these actors and their knowledge systems in practice. We conclude with a discussion of some of the potential benefits and dangers associated with this emerging contemporary relationship between harvesters and their knowledge, fisheries science, participation and governance in Newfoundland and Labrador.
This dissertation aims to understand the history of, and possible alternatives to, managerial res... more This dissertation aims to understand the history of, and possible alternatives to, managerial responses to socio-ecological issues by examining one of the largest natural resource management failures of the twentieth century—the collapse of the Northern cod fisheries off ...
Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 2013
To date, the local food system movement has focused primarily on the agri-food system. In our com... more To date, the local food system movement has focused primarily on the agri-food system. In our commentary, we suggest some ways of moving forward that may help ensure that research and discourse in the area of sustainable food systems more actively consider the role of small-scale fisheries. Specifically, we point to the need for a more integrated food system that includes both marine and freshwater fish as part of the food system, considers food and fisheries as complex and adaptive systems, and supports cross-sector policy-making for local food systems across agriculture and fisheries systems.
Three major strategies exist for the protection of endangered habitat and species: (1) land acqui... more Three major strategies exist for the protection of endangered habitat and species: (1) land acquisition programs, (2) government legislation and regulatory agencies, and (3) "stewardship" programs that are voluntary and community-based. While all of these strategies have merit, we suggest that stewardship holds particular advantages and should be considered more often as a strategy of first choice. In this article, we examine the Municipal Wetland Stewardship program of Newfoundland, a popular and successful Canadian policy for the local protection of wetlands. Important issues are at stake: competing philosophical foundations for managerial ecology, the value of "local ecological knowledge," principles of community-based conservation, the question of whether stewardship empowers local communities or controls them from afar, and ethical conflicts around American colonialism, hunting, and ecotourism. The results suggest that despite some potentially problematic ironies, the Newfoundland program provides a model for a public policy aimed both at the pragmatics of biophysical sustainability and at the ideals of environmental ethics, social justice, and democratic politics.
This paper adopts a complex systems perspective to understand the development of industrial aquac... more This paper adopts a complex systems perspective to understand the development of industrial aquaculture in Newfoundland and Labrador. The first section explores the underlying industrial paradigm that has guided wild-stock management and aquaculture development in the province. Biophysical, sociopolitical, economic, and cultural-ethical systems are each examined and similarities between industrial aquaculture and the deleterious pattern of resource management applied to the Northern cod fishery are highlighted. The paper concludes by exploring alternatives to industrial aquaculture that emerge from a complex systems perspective.
Agyeman, Julian and Yelena Ogneva-Himmelberger (eds.). Environmental Justice and Sustainability i... more Agyeman, Julian and Yelena Ogneva-Himmelberger (eds.). Environmental Justice and Sustainability in the Former Soviet Union. London and Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2009. 281+pp. Albala, Ken and Trudy Eden (eds.). Food and Faith in Christian Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011. 265+pp. Aubertin, Catherine and Estienne Rodary (eds.). Protected Areas, Sustainable Land? Burlington, VT and Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Co., 2011. 183+pp. Barnham, Elizabeth and Bertil Sylvander.Labels of Origin for Food: Local ...
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