Claude Daley

Memorial University of Newfoundland, Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty Member

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Professor of Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering at Memorial University
I work on ship structures, with a focus on ice class ship structures.
I believe in a combination of approaches t solve problems, including analytical and numerical models, physical experiments, field tests, field experience and evolving professional practice. The essence of Engineering is rational cross checking.

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BORA YILDIRIM

Hacettepe University

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

OMAR YAAKOB

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - UTM

Nikolaos Ventikos

National Technical University of Athens

Isad Saric

University of Sarajevo

Viacheslav Kuleshov

Stockholm University

Suntoyo Saja

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Bruce W.T. Quinton

Memorial University of Newfoundland

Mashud Karim

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Jean-Yves Fortin

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research

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Papers by Claude Daley

Feasibility Study for the Structural Testing of a Large Ice-strengthened Propeller

Abstract: A feasibility study to conduct a large-scale experiment to investigate the elastic and ... more Abstract: A feasibility study to conduct a large-scale experiment to investigate the elastic and ultimate strength and behaviour of the full-scale propellers of the Canadian icebreaker Louis S. St. Laurent was carried out by the Institute for Marine Dynamics and Memorial University of Newfoundland. The purpose of the project is to conduct large-scale laboratory measurements and collect data to complement full-scale measurements of ice loads inserted on the propeller blades during ship trials in 1999. The data will also be used for ...

Numerical Study of Large Pendulum Ice Impact Loads

Volume 7: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology

The large pendulum ice impact experiments performed at the Memorial University of Newfoundland re... more The large pendulum ice impact experiments performed at the Memorial University of Newfoundland recorded pressure distributions using a novel high-fidelity measurement device, the Impact Module, which is capable of fine spatial and temporal resolutions — effectively 2 cm2 at 500 Hz. These experiments achieved impact energies approaching 29 kJ, velocities of 4.7 m/s, and loads reaching 620 kN. The data obtained by the device are unique, as the Impact Module is capable of recording ice pressure data with both high spatial and high temporal resolution over a large contact area. Until recently, there was no ice load measurement technique capable of excelling in all these aspects. This work aims to study the simulation of a numerical test panel model under the action of the loads measured during the ice impact experiments. This is done by using a non-linear numerical model with explicit time integration capable of simulating the dynamic transient ice loads and comparing their effects to a...

Controlled Plastic Deformation of a Grillage Using Artificial Freshwater Ice at a Large Scale

This paper discusses the elastic and plastic stress and strain experienced by steel grillage stru... more This paper discusses the elastic and plastic stress and strain experienced by steel grillage structures during large-scale ice indentation tests undertaken in a laboratory setting. The work is part of the STePS2 (Sustainable Technology for Polar Ships and Structures) project, a 5-year engineering research project at Memorial University. The present work builds on previous experiments and is a part of a multi-stage project to investigate high-energy ice-structure collisions. The current experiments involve artificial glacial (freshwater) ice blocks loaded into a grillage representative of full-scale ship structure. The ice block is quasi-statically crushed against the grillage, and load and response data is recorded. Raw data is acquired through a network of strain gauges, and other instruments. The experiments are also recorded through several high-speed cameras. The work is unique in the scale of the tests, using realistic grillages and ice blocks at forces and pressure loads repre...

Analytical Approach for Predicting Fracture in Structures Due to Lateral Ice Indentation

Day 4 Thu, July 31, 2014, Jul 28, 2014

Fracture Analysis of a Steel Plate Loaded by Ice

Day 3 Wed, July 30, 2014

There are several theories used to describe the fracture process including Linear Elastic Fractur... more There are several theories used to describe the fracture process including Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM), Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM), and Cohesive Zone Models (CZM), which allow for development of predictive capabilities. The main disadvantage of LEFM and EPFM techniques is that only structures with an initial crack can be modeled. Other drawbacks of these techniques are geometry dependence and validity limits. In contrast, CZM can simulate fractures in any structures, with or without a crack. CZM is not confined to a class of materials, but can be used for arbitrary materials. In this paper, the CZM is used to numerically simulate crack initiation and growth in a steel plate. Within the CZM, material separation (i.e. damage of the structure) is described by interface elements, which open irreversibly and lose their stiffness at failure, causing the continuum elements to be disconnected.

Impact Ice Loads on Spherical Geometries

Day 3 Wed, July 30, 2014

Laboratory experiments were conducted by crushing a spherical indenter into cylinders of ice. The... more Laboratory experiments were conducted by crushing a spherical indenter into cylinders of ice. These experiments were aimed at proving the force estimates produced by a program called Direct Design for Polar Ships (DDePS). DDePS is a contact-geometry specific tool based on Popov type formulations. The ice crushing experiments were performed in open air at various impact speeds using a double pendulum impact apparatus. The ice was laboratory ice with properties close to that of multi-year ice. Values of impact speed, force and penetration were measured. This paper presents the results of these laboratory experiments which were in good agreement with DDePS.

Ice Induced Shock Response Experiments

Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012

As novel and innovative design concepts are developed for Arctic commodity transport, relevant ic... more As novel and innovative design concepts are developed for Arctic commodity transport, relevant ice-structure interaction scenarios and corresponding ice load models will be pivotal for direct design practices and the development of new codes and standards. For example, the parallel midbody region of membrane-type liquid natural gas carriers (LNGC) is comprised of the hull structure and delicate mastic materials, integral to the cargo containment systems (CCS). For Arctic LNGCs, this type of hull geometry can be susceptible to flat-on flat ice impacts. The current ice-structure interaction models which form the basis of classification requirements do not explicitly consider this scenario. However, these impacts can potentially induce a shock response beyond the hull structure and through the CCS which can compromise the integrity of the CCS and may result in loss of cargo or other extreme consequences. Preliminary numerical simulations of ice floe impacts on ice-class LNGC hull struc...

Double Pendulum Dynamic Impact Test Set-up for Ice-grillage Collision

Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012

This paper details the development of a double pendulum dynamic impact test apparatus to study th... more This paper details the development of a double pendulum dynamic impact test apparatus to study the behavior of collisions between ice and structural grillages, typical of those used in ship structures. Direct collisions between ice and ships involve high impact energy and can cause substantial damage to the ship structure. In order to apply this type of impact energy in a controlled and repeatable way, a double pendulum dynamic impact test frame has been developed. The frame consists of two pendulums: one to carry an ice sample and the other to carry a test grillage structure. The overall size of the apparatus is 4m × 5m × 8m. The live weight of each pendulum is approximately 3000 kg. In operation, the pendulums will be lifted and then released simultaneously to impact each other in a vertical position. The frame is instrumented to measure the impact force and deflection of the grillage.

Physical modelling of ship/ice interaction: joint research project arrangement III: Report 1, M.V. Arctic ramming model test results

Ice Edge Contact - A Brittle Failure Process Model

Load Sharing in a Grillage Subject to Ice Loading

Lower Bound Limit Loads Using the Reference Two-Bar Structure: An Improved Estimate Beyond Mura’s Lower Bound

Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints, 2015

Mura’s lower bound limit load multiplier (m′) has been obtained on the basis of a variational for... more Mura’s lower bound limit load multiplier (m′) has been obtained on the basis of a variational formulation (Mura et al., 1965). However, m′ is equal to or less than the classical lower bound multiplier (mL). In this paper, a relationship between the m′ multiplier and the reference two-bar multiplier (Seshadri, R., and Adibi-Asl, R., 2007) is obtained. The nature of the bounds is examined in the context of several pressure components.

Controlled Plastic Deformation of a Grillage Using Artificial Freshwater Ice at a Large Scale

Evaluation of Ice Loads on Offshore Structure Using GPU-Event-Mechanics

Experimental investigation of accidental sliding loads on the response of hull plating

$Research paper thumbnail of Cone ice crushing tests and simulations associated with various yield and fracture criteria$

Cone ice crushing tests and simulations associated with various yield and fracture criteria

Ships and Offshore Structures, 2017

ABSTRACT To determine the most reliable numerical simulation parameters affecting the ice resista... more ABSTRACT To determine the most reliable numerical simulation parameters affecting the ice resistances, such as yield functions with relevant ice-breaking criteria, compressive volumetric hardening intensities and element sizes, numerical simulations for different parameters were compared with the crushing tests of cone-shaped ice specimens. The yield functions of crushable foam, Drucker–Prager and Mohr–Coulomb were taken into consideration with three different volumetric hardening intensities. The ice resistance variation was also studied for two finite element models with different element sizes. To realize ice breaking in numerical simulations, a damage variable was introduced to trigger fracture initiation and evolution. The nominal contact area-dependent energy per unit area as a damage to fracture was newly proposed from the test results composed of a crushing force versus indenter stroke. This new concept could be realized by applying the different nominal contact area-dependent fracture energies to finite elements along the vertical location.

Guidelines for the nonlinear finite element analysis of hull response to moving loads on ships and offshore structures

Ships and Offshore Structures, 2016

The structural hull response of a ship or offshore structure to moving (or sliding) loads has bee... more The structural hull response of a ship or offshore structure to moving (or sliding) loads has been shown to be significantly different than that of stationary loads of the same magnitude; when those loads cause plastic damage. A standard hull grillage structure's capacity to resist a moving load may be as little as half its capacity to resist a similar stationary load. Real hull structures most often experience operational loads in a way better modelled as moving loads; particularly for the case of operational ice loads. Many accidental loads are also moving loads. This paper provides guidelines for the nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) of moving loads on hull structures, where the moving load is not expected to induce hull puncture or subsequent tearing of the hull plating.

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Ice Forces and Ship Response to Ice. Consolidated Report

Abstract: Conclusions from this study include:(1) Both peak force and peak pressures during an im... more Abstract: Conclusions from this study include:(1) Both peak force and peak pressures during an impact increase with ice severity (ice thickness and ice strength).(2) In arctic regions, operation at higher latitudes increases ice severity and therefore ice loads.(3) Peak pressure during an impact appears to be only weakly dependent on impact speed, and no dependency was discernable from the measured data.(4) Peak force during an impact does increase with impact speed and a linear relationship between them appears reasonable.( ...

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LiDAR and Vision Based Pack Ice Field Estimation for Aided Ship Navigation

Ships travelling through pack ice are exposed to structural damage in the hull due to collisions ... more Ships travelling through pack ice are exposed to structural damage in the hull due to collisions with ice-floe. GEM simulation environment, a Memorial University project, is an ice-ship interaction software that allows the study of the impact forces applied on a ship, when it maneuvers through pack ice [1]. At a rate much faster than the real-time, GEM is capable of simulating ship navigation through complex pack ice formations. Such a tool is beneficial in predicting hazardous collisions that affect structural integrity and operational performance of ships and floating offshore structures.

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OTC Paper Number 24645 GPU-Event-Mechanics Evaluation of Ice Impact Load Statistics

The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of OTC copyright.

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Feasibility Study for the Structural Testing of a Large Ice-strengthened Propeller

Numerical Study of Large Pendulum Ice Impact Loads

Volume 7: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology

Controlled Plastic Deformation of a Grillage Using Artificial Freshwater Ice at a Large Scale

Analytical Approach for Predicting Fracture in Structures Due to Lateral Ice Indentation

Day 4 Thu, July 31, 2014, Jul 28, 2014

Fracture Analysis of a Steel Plate Loaded by Ice

Day 3 Wed, July 30, 2014

Impact Ice Loads on Spherical Geometries

Day 3 Wed, July 30, 2014

Ice Induced Shock Response Experiments

Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012

Double Pendulum Dynamic Impact Test Set-up for Ice-grillage Collision

Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012

Physical modelling of ship/ice interaction: joint research project arrangement III: Report 1, M.V. Arctic ramming model test results

Ice Edge Contact - A Brittle Failure Process Model

Load Sharing in a Grillage Subject to Ice Loading

Lower Bound Limit Loads Using the Reference Two-Bar Structure: An Improved Estimate Beyond Mura’s Lower Bound

Volume 2: Computer Technology and Bolted Joints, 2015

Controlled Plastic Deformation of a Grillage Using Artificial Freshwater Ice at a Large Scale

Evaluation of Ice Loads on Offshore Structure Using GPU-Event-Mechanics

Experimental investigation of accidental sliding loads on the response of hull plating

$Research paper thumbnail of Cone ice crushing tests and simulations associated with various yield and fracture criteria$

Cone ice crushing tests and simulations associated with various yield and fracture criteria

Ships and Offshore Structures, 2017

Guidelines for the nonlinear finite element analysis of hull response to moving loads on ships and offshore structures

Ships and Offshore Structures, 2016

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Ice Forces and Ship Response to Ice. Consolidated Report

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LiDAR and Vision Based Pack Ice Field Estimation for Aided Ship Navigation

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OTC Paper Number 24645 GPU-Event-Mechanics Evaluation of Ice Impact Load Statistics

The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of OTC copyright.

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Ship Structures II - Lecture Notes

The course is intended to develop “advanced” knowledge of structures. The particular focus is on ... more

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Ship Structures I - Lecture Notes

The course is intended to develop the student’s knowledge of ship structures. The focus is on var... more The course is intended to develop the student’s knowledge of ship structures. The focus is on various types of intact structural behavior, building upon concepts from mechanics of materials and statics.
Changes to 2018 edition:
• Updated Topic 1 – with ship structural features included
• Updated Topic 2 – new discussion of approach to structural design
• New Topic 11 – discussion of use of tables and superposition
• New beam tables in Appendix 4
• Energy Methods moved to Appendix 7

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Sea Ice Engineering

Ice engineering covers a variety of subjects, mainly involving the interaction of ice with marine... more Ice engineering covers a variety of subjects, mainly involving the interaction of ice with marine structures, as well as the use of ice as a construction material. The focus of this presentation is on ocean and offshore applications. While much of the material on ice properties and mechanics also applies to other ice engineering topics (such as river ice and coastal ice problems), the applications focus here will be on the action of ice on offshore structures and the interaction of ships and ice.

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Claude Daley

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