Introduction: The success rate of endodontic treatment is dependent upon many factors among which... more Introduction: The success rate of endodontic treatment is dependent upon many factors among which is fitness of residual apical gutta-percha and post. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of the distance between the post and the residual gutta-percha on canal microleakage. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 72 human central
This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of two symmetrical maxillary first molars with... more This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of two symmetrical maxillary first molars with two canals in their distobuccal roots. A 32-year-old female had an emergency treatment because of the pain in tooth #16. On the second visit after accessing the pulp chamber and detecting three major canals (MB, DB, and P) and exploring the 4th canal (MB2), we noted that there was a 5(th) canal in the distobuccal root. Also, necrosis was found in the same patient after examining the tooth #26 which was severely decayed. Then after preparing the access cavity, the same order of orifices was found in tooth #16. An electronic apex locator was utilized to ensure that a perforation of the pulpal floor had not occurred. Working films confirmed the presence of an additional canal in distobuccal root.
Recognition of the complexity of root canals and multiple root canals that may vary for any type ... more Recognition of the complexity of root canals and multiple root canals that may vary for any type of tooth is necessary for long-term successful endodontic therapy. This article describes a maxillary lateral incisor with two canals. This case is unusual because considerable research has reported that these teeth can only have a single canal.
Success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. One of the most important is appropri... more Success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. One of the most important is appropriate preparation of the root canal system, in addition to keeping the periapical region intact as much as possible. This is achieved by determining the penetration depth of the instruments into the canal or the "working" length. Several methods are introduced for working-length determination. The most popular techniques are radiography and electronic apex locators. One type of apex locator is the Root ZX. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the Root ZX in vitro with conventional radiography.
This study aimed to assess and compare the apical sealing ability of HEROfill® Soft-Core system a... more This study aimed to assess and compare the apical sealing ability of HEROfill® Soft-Core system and lateral condensation technique in fine curved canals using the fluid filtration method. Forty human mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular first molars with 25° to 40° curvatures were instrumented to an apical size 30/0.04. Roots were randomly assigned to two experimental groups of 15, designated as groups A and B. Two control groups, each containing five teeth, served as positive and negative controls. Group A was obturated using lateral condensation technique and group B with the HEROfill® Soft-Core system. The groups were tested for microleakage using an in vitro fluid filtration apparatus with 0.5 atm pressure at zero, two, four, six, eight and 10 minutes. Independent t-test was used to analyze the microleakage data. The mean and standard deviation (SD) values for fluid microleakage in the lateral condensation group were 0.58±0.49 μL/min, 0.68±0.35 μL/min, 0.74±0.22 μL/min, 0.71±0....
The purpose of the study presented here was to compare the influence of root canal taper on the e... more The purpose of the study presented here was to compare the influence of root canal taper on the efficacy of irrigants and chelating agents in smear layer removal. Eighty mesial roots of molar teeth were selected and prepared with rotary instruments. In group A, file 30/0.02 and in group B, file 30/0.4 were placed at working length and the smear layer was removed. In groups C and D, root canal preparation was the same as in groups A and B, respectively, except that the smear layer was not removed. The amount of the smear layer was quantified using a scanning electron microscope. Greater smear layer was detected in the apical portion of each group, whereas no significant difference was detected between groups in other portions. No statistical difference was found between canals with different tapers.
The purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of two types of calcium hydroxide p... more The purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of two types of calcium hydroxide paste in subcutaneous tissue in rat. Twenty-two Wistar rats were divided into 4 experimental (n=5 each) and one control (n=2) group. A polyethylene tube filled with either Dentsply or Sure-Paste was implanted in each rat in the experimental groups, while an empty polyethylene tube was used in the control group. After 15 or 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological examination carried out. Tissue reaction was assessed by inflammatory cell infiltration using a 4-point scoring system, ranging from 0 to 3. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and McNemar tests. Both types of paste induced an inflammatory response at each time point, although the intensity varied. A significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells was observed at 60 days. Dentsply appeared to induce a more marked inflammatory response at both time points, although the difference was not significant. These results suggest that both types of paste are biocompatible with subcutaneous tissue in rat.
Objective:This study determined environmental pH changes after root canal dressing using 3 types ... more Objective:This study determined environmental pH changes after root canal dressing using 3 types of commercial calcium hydroxide pastes.Methods:Thirty-two extracted single-rooted human premolars with 1 straight root canal were selected. Standard cavities were prepared on root surfaces. All root surfaces, excluding the cavities, were covered with nail polish. Root canals were prepared using the Easy RaCe rotary system. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups filled with calcium hydroxide pastes: (Group 1) Sure-Paste, (Group 2) Meta-Paste, and (Group 3) Multi-Cal. The control group had 2 samples. Teeth were then placed in 10 mL of normal saline. Environmental pH values were measured at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week. Statistical evaluations of the results were performed via the ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results:Results demonstrated that groups 3 and 1 showed a significant statistical difference (P<.001) with the pH being greater in group 3. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (P>.05). Intracanal placement of Multi-Cal compared with that of Sure-Paste and Meta-Paste resulted in a higher pH in simulated root resorption defects.Conclusion:In cases, like apexification, that need longer pH changes and higher disinfecting qualities, it might be better to use Multi-Cal, and for short-time use as disinfectant medicament Multi-Cal and Meta-Paste are equally effective.
One of the effecting factors in prognosis of root canal therapy is accidental procedure as broken... more One of the effecting factors in prognosis of root canal therapy is accidental procedure as broken files that may be unpreventable. Many manufacturers have designed and marketed various electromotors that can control rotational speed and torque. On the other hand, some studies have recommended applying a manual glide path to diminish contact area between the file and canal walls. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the effect of torque and a manual glide path on defects as separation of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files. This ex vivo randomized controlled trial study was carried out on 160 canals of human&#39;s matured molars with mild curvature (15-338). After initial preparation of samples and checking for inclusion criteria, in first group, preparation was carried out with air-driven handpiece, and in group two, Endo IT was used as electromotor. In both groups, Mtwo files with simultaneous technique were used for preparation. Then all data were collected and analyzed with Mann Whitny, Mantel Cox, and t-test. No significant differences between two groups (P &lt; 0.05) were observed. Based on survival analysis, safety probability of files after preparation of nine canals is 64% in group one and 69.9% in group two. There was no significant differences between this safety probability in two groups (P = 0.272). Usage of torque control handpiece is not an important factor, comparing instrumentation technique.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) se... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) sealer in comparison with AH-26 and Pulpdent root canal sealers. The L929 mouse fibroblast cells were cultivated and incubated for 24, 48 or 72 h with different dilutions (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32) of culture media previously exposed to either of the test sealers naming NZOE, AH-26 or Pulpdent. At the end of incubation period, the effect of sealers on cell viability was evaluated using Mosmann's Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) colorimetric assay. The data was compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. After 24, 48 or 72 h, both NZOE and Pulpdent sealers inhibited cell viability at 1/1, 1/2 and 1/8 dilutions. Within the 24 and 48 h, the AH-26 sealer reduced the cell viability at all dilutions except the 1/32 solution; however after 72 h even the 1/32 dilution was cytotoxic. The biocompatibility of the n...
... Detection of plagiarism: When a paper has been wrote in a distinctly differ-ent style you can... more ... Detection of plagiarism: When a paper has been wrote in a distinctly differ-ent style you can suspect that a plagiarism consti-tuted, then in review of articles or for self control of your paper, you can use online websites or softwares like as: 1-www.plagiarism checker.com 2-www ...
In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that wi... more In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that with promotion of remnants of Hertwig's epithelial sheath or rest of malassez accompany with a good irrigation of root canal we can expect root formation.
Blood contamination of the canal during preparation can be a major problem in endodontics; this... more Blood contamination of the canal during preparation can be a major problem in endodontics; this may result in apical microleakage. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of blood on apical microleakage of a resin-based root canal sealer (AH26) and a polymer-based root canal sealer (Epiphany). In this experimental study, 50 decoronated central incisors and canine teeth were prepared by RaCe rotary system and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). Groups A1 and A2 were obturated by Epiphany/Resilon and AH26/Gutta-percha, respectively. The obturations were performed with a single cone technique after drying root canals. In B1 and B2 groups, the test groups, 0.02cc citrated human blood was injected into dried root canals and they were obturated in the same manner. Ten specimens were served as positive and negative controls (n=5).The apical leakage was measured by means of a computerized fluid filtration method after 1 day and 3 weeks. The data was analyzed by One-Sa...
The aim of this study was to compare a clearing technique with conventional radiography in studyi... more The aim of this study was to compare a clearing technique with conventional radiography in studying certain features of the root canal system in single root premolars. A secondary aim was to assess inter examiner agreement for these features using radiographs. Fifty-eight recently extracted single rooted premolars were included in this study. Two standard periapical radiographs were taken from buccolingual and 20° direction. The specimens were then decoronated, demineralized in 10% hydrochloric acid for 24 hours and then were cleared using methylsalicylate. The cleared teeth were examined using a magnifier (x10) and data relating to number of roots, canals, apical foramina and their positions were collected. The radiographs were examined by two independent trained endodontists using an X-ray viewer and the magnifying lens for same studied features using the clearing technique. The kappa values for the agreement between the clearing technique and two examiners for the number of canal...
The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of Real Seal (RS) and Gutta-percha (GP).... more The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of Real Seal (RS) and Gutta-percha (GP). Forty nine extracted human maxillary central incisors were used. The coronal part of each tooth was removed, the root canal was prepared using the crown down technique and apical enlargement to rotary file # 40. The specimens were randomly divided in to 3 groups of 15 each and two control groups of 2 each. Group 1, was obturated with RS and group 2 and 3 were obturated with GP and AH26 sealer by lateral condensation technique. In group 1 and 3 the smear layer was removed by 5mL of 5.25% NaOCl and 3mL of 17% EDTA. Leakage of the obturated roots was measured using the fluid filtration technique. This method was done at 2 min intervals for 8 min. data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between groups 2 with 1 and 3. The most leakage value was observed in the group 2. Root canal filling with RS or GP in combination with smear la...
In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that wi... more In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that with promotion of remnants of Hertwig's epithelial sheath or rest of malassez accompany with a good irrigation of root canal we can expect root formation. (Iranian Endodontic Journal 2008;3:42-43).
There are several methods for evaluating microleakage in dentistry, for example dye or bacterial ... more There are several methods for evaluating microleakage in dentistry, for example dye or bacterial leakage, electro-chemical methods, radioisotope labeling and fluid filtration. The purpose of this study was to assemble the fluid filtration system for quantitative evaluation of microleakage in dental materials. The roots were connected to a tube filled with an underwater pressure supply. A bubble was introduced into the water to measure endodontic leakage. A digital camera and professional software were utilized to record and measure the bubble displacement. Our system was constructed successfully and functioned correctly. In this pilot study we found this system efficient for the evaluation of microleakage of dental materials.
Introduction: The success rate of endodontic treatment is dependent upon many factors among which... more Introduction: The success rate of endodontic treatment is dependent upon many factors among which is fitness of residual apical gutta-percha and post. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of the distance between the post and the residual gutta-percha on canal microleakage. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 72 human central
This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of two symmetrical maxillary first molars with... more This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of two symmetrical maxillary first molars with two canals in their distobuccal roots. A 32-year-old female had an emergency treatment because of the pain in tooth #16. On the second visit after accessing the pulp chamber and detecting three major canals (MB, DB, and P) and exploring the 4th canal (MB2), we noted that there was a 5(th) canal in the distobuccal root. Also, necrosis was found in the same patient after examining the tooth #26 which was severely decayed. Then after preparing the access cavity, the same order of orifices was found in tooth #16. An electronic apex locator was utilized to ensure that a perforation of the pulpal floor had not occurred. Working films confirmed the presence of an additional canal in distobuccal root.
Recognition of the complexity of root canals and multiple root canals that may vary for any type ... more Recognition of the complexity of root canals and multiple root canals that may vary for any type of tooth is necessary for long-term successful endodontic therapy. This article describes a maxillary lateral incisor with two canals. This case is unusual because considerable research has reported that these teeth can only have a single canal.
Success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. One of the most important is appropri... more Success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. One of the most important is appropriate preparation of the root canal system, in addition to keeping the periapical region intact as much as possible. This is achieved by determining the penetration depth of the instruments into the canal or the "working" length. Several methods are introduced for working-length determination. The most popular techniques are radiography and electronic apex locators. One type of apex locator is the Root ZX. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the Root ZX in vitro with conventional radiography.
This study aimed to assess and compare the apical sealing ability of HEROfill® Soft-Core system a... more This study aimed to assess and compare the apical sealing ability of HEROfill® Soft-Core system and lateral condensation technique in fine curved canals using the fluid filtration method. Forty human mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular first molars with 25° to 40° curvatures were instrumented to an apical size 30/0.04. Roots were randomly assigned to two experimental groups of 15, designated as groups A and B. Two control groups, each containing five teeth, served as positive and negative controls. Group A was obturated using lateral condensation technique and group B with the HEROfill® Soft-Core system. The groups were tested for microleakage using an in vitro fluid filtration apparatus with 0.5 atm pressure at zero, two, four, six, eight and 10 minutes. Independent t-test was used to analyze the microleakage data. The mean and standard deviation (SD) values for fluid microleakage in the lateral condensation group were 0.58±0.49 μL/min, 0.68±0.35 μL/min, 0.74±0.22 μL/min, 0.71±0....
The purpose of the study presented here was to compare the influence of root canal taper on the e... more The purpose of the study presented here was to compare the influence of root canal taper on the efficacy of irrigants and chelating agents in smear layer removal. Eighty mesial roots of molar teeth were selected and prepared with rotary instruments. In group A, file 30/0.02 and in group B, file 30/0.4 were placed at working length and the smear layer was removed. In groups C and D, root canal preparation was the same as in groups A and B, respectively, except that the smear layer was not removed. The amount of the smear layer was quantified using a scanning electron microscope. Greater smear layer was detected in the apical portion of each group, whereas no significant difference was detected between groups in other portions. No statistical difference was found between canals with different tapers.
The purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of two types of calcium hydroxide p... more The purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of two types of calcium hydroxide paste in subcutaneous tissue in rat. Twenty-two Wistar rats were divided into 4 experimental (n=5 each) and one control (n=2) group. A polyethylene tube filled with either Dentsply or Sure-Paste was implanted in each rat in the experimental groups, while an empty polyethylene tube was used in the control group. After 15 or 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological examination carried out. Tissue reaction was assessed by inflammatory cell infiltration using a 4-point scoring system, ranging from 0 to 3. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and McNemar tests. Both types of paste induced an inflammatory response at each time point, although the intensity varied. A significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells was observed at 60 days. Dentsply appeared to induce a more marked inflammatory response at both time points, although the difference was not significant. These results suggest that both types of paste are biocompatible with subcutaneous tissue in rat.
Objective:This study determined environmental pH changes after root canal dressing using 3 types ... more Objective:This study determined environmental pH changes after root canal dressing using 3 types of commercial calcium hydroxide pastes.Methods:Thirty-two extracted single-rooted human premolars with 1 straight root canal were selected. Standard cavities were prepared on root surfaces. All root surfaces, excluding the cavities, were covered with nail polish. Root canals were prepared using the Easy RaCe rotary system. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups filled with calcium hydroxide pastes: (Group 1) Sure-Paste, (Group 2) Meta-Paste, and (Group 3) Multi-Cal. The control group had 2 samples. Teeth were then placed in 10 mL of normal saline. Environmental pH values were measured at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week. Statistical evaluations of the results were performed via the ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results:Results demonstrated that groups 3 and 1 showed a significant statistical difference (P<.001) with the pH being greater in group 3. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (P>.05). Intracanal placement of Multi-Cal compared with that of Sure-Paste and Meta-Paste resulted in a higher pH in simulated root resorption defects.Conclusion:In cases, like apexification, that need longer pH changes and higher disinfecting qualities, it might be better to use Multi-Cal, and for short-time use as disinfectant medicament Multi-Cal and Meta-Paste are equally effective.
One of the effecting factors in prognosis of root canal therapy is accidental procedure as broken... more One of the effecting factors in prognosis of root canal therapy is accidental procedure as broken files that may be unpreventable. Many manufacturers have designed and marketed various electromotors that can control rotational speed and torque. On the other hand, some studies have recommended applying a manual glide path to diminish contact area between the file and canal walls. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the effect of torque and a manual glide path on defects as separation of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files. This ex vivo randomized controlled trial study was carried out on 160 canals of human&#39;s matured molars with mild curvature (15-338). After initial preparation of samples and checking for inclusion criteria, in first group, preparation was carried out with air-driven handpiece, and in group two, Endo IT was used as electromotor. In both groups, Mtwo files with simultaneous technique were used for preparation. Then all data were collected and analyzed with Mann Whitny, Mantel Cox, and t-test. No significant differences between two groups (P &lt; 0.05) were observed. Based on survival analysis, safety probability of files after preparation of nine canals is 64% in group one and 69.9% in group two. There was no significant differences between this safety probability in two groups (P = 0.272). Usage of torque control handpiece is not an important factor, comparing instrumentation technique.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) se... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) sealer in comparison with AH-26 and Pulpdent root canal sealers. The L929 mouse fibroblast cells were cultivated and incubated for 24, 48 or 72 h with different dilutions (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32) of culture media previously exposed to either of the test sealers naming NZOE, AH-26 or Pulpdent. At the end of incubation period, the effect of sealers on cell viability was evaluated using Mosmann's Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) colorimetric assay. The data was compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. After 24, 48 or 72 h, both NZOE and Pulpdent sealers inhibited cell viability at 1/1, 1/2 and 1/8 dilutions. Within the 24 and 48 h, the AH-26 sealer reduced the cell viability at all dilutions except the 1/32 solution; however after 72 h even the 1/32 dilution was cytotoxic. The biocompatibility of the n...
... Detection of plagiarism: When a paper has been wrote in a distinctly differ-ent style you can... more ... Detection of plagiarism: When a paper has been wrote in a distinctly differ-ent style you can suspect that a plagiarism consti-tuted, then in review of articles or for self control of your paper, you can use online websites or softwares like as: 1-www.plagiarism checker.com 2-www ...
In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that wi... more In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that with promotion of remnants of Hertwig's epithelial sheath or rest of malassez accompany with a good irrigation of root canal we can expect root formation.
Blood contamination of the canal during preparation can be a major problem in endodontics; this... more Blood contamination of the canal during preparation can be a major problem in endodontics; this may result in apical microleakage. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of blood on apical microleakage of a resin-based root canal sealer (AH26) and a polymer-based root canal sealer (Epiphany). In this experimental study, 50 decoronated central incisors and canine teeth were prepared by RaCe rotary system and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). Groups A1 and A2 were obturated by Epiphany/Resilon and AH26/Gutta-percha, respectively. The obturations were performed with a single cone technique after drying root canals. In B1 and B2 groups, the test groups, 0.02cc citrated human blood was injected into dried root canals and they were obturated in the same manner. Ten specimens were served as positive and negative controls (n=5).The apical leakage was measured by means of a computerized fluid filtration method after 1 day and 3 weeks. The data was analyzed by One-Sa...
The aim of this study was to compare a clearing technique with conventional radiography in studyi... more The aim of this study was to compare a clearing technique with conventional radiography in studying certain features of the root canal system in single root premolars. A secondary aim was to assess inter examiner agreement for these features using radiographs. Fifty-eight recently extracted single rooted premolars were included in this study. Two standard periapical radiographs were taken from buccolingual and 20° direction. The specimens were then decoronated, demineralized in 10% hydrochloric acid for 24 hours and then were cleared using methylsalicylate. The cleared teeth were examined using a magnifier (x10) and data relating to number of roots, canals, apical foramina and their positions were collected. The radiographs were examined by two independent trained endodontists using an X-ray viewer and the magnifying lens for same studied features using the clearing technique. The kappa values for the agreement between the clearing technique and two examiners for the number of canal...
The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of Real Seal (RS) and Gutta-percha (GP).... more The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of Real Seal (RS) and Gutta-percha (GP). Forty nine extracted human maxillary central incisors were used. The coronal part of each tooth was removed, the root canal was prepared using the crown down technique and apical enlargement to rotary file # 40. The specimens were randomly divided in to 3 groups of 15 each and two control groups of 2 each. Group 1, was obturated with RS and group 2 and 3 were obturated with GP and AH26 sealer by lateral condensation technique. In group 1 and 3 the smear layer was removed by 5mL of 5.25% NaOCl and 3mL of 17% EDTA. Leakage of the obturated roots was measured using the fluid filtration technique. This method was done at 2 min intervals for 8 min. data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between groups 2 with 1 and 3. The most leakage value was observed in the group 2. Root canal filling with RS or GP in combination with smear la...
In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that wi... more In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that with promotion of remnants of Hertwig's epithelial sheath or rest of malassez accompany with a good irrigation of root canal we can expect root formation. (Iranian Endodontic Journal 2008;3:42-43).
There are several methods for evaluating microleakage in dentistry, for example dye or bacterial ... more There are several methods for evaluating microleakage in dentistry, for example dye or bacterial leakage, electro-chemical methods, radioisotope labeling and fluid filtration. The purpose of this study was to assemble the fluid filtration system for quantitative evaluation of microleakage in dental materials. The roots were connected to a tube filled with an underwater pressure supply. A bubble was introduced into the water to measure endodontic leakage. A digital camera and professional software were utilized to record and measure the bubble displacement. Our system was constructed successfully and functioned correctly. In this pilot study we found this system efficient for the evaluation of microleakage of dental materials.
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