Circannual rhythms regulate seasonal reproduction in many vertebrates. The present study investig... more Circannual rhythms regulate seasonal reproduction in many vertebrates. The present study investigated if circannual reproductive phenotypes (rhythms in growth of gonads and molt) were generated independently of the circadian clocks in the subtropical non-photoperiodic spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata). Birds were subjected to light-dark (LD) cycles with identical light but varying dark hours, such that the period of LD cycle (T) equaled to 16-(12L:4D), 21-(12L:9D), 24-(12L:12D) and 27-(12L:15D) hours, or to continuous light (LL, 24L:0D) at ~18°C. During ~21-month exposure, munia underwent at least two cycles of gonadal development and molt; changes in body mass were not rhythmic. This was similar to the occurrence of annual cycles in reproduction and molt observed in wild birds. A greater asynchrony between circannual cycles of gonad and molt indicated their independent regulation. Females showed reproductive rhythms with similar circannual periods, whilst in males circannual peri...
A method for isolating transcriptionally active RNA for downstream applications from diverse tiss... more A method for isolating transcriptionally active RNA for downstream applications from diverse tissues of Jatropha curcas, a plant rich in latex, lipids, waxes, polysaccharide, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites, is described. The described method uses alkaline borate buffer during tissue homogenization to negate the formation of viscous gel observed in guanidium-salt-containing methods. By this method, quality RNA was extracted from leaf,
A method for isolating transcriptionally active RNA for downstream applications from diverse tiss... more A method for isolating transcriptionally active RNA for downstream applications from diverse tissues of Jatropha curcas, a plant rich in latex, lipids, waxes, polysaccharide, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites, is described. The described method uses alkaline borate buffer during tissue homogenization to negate the formation of viscous gel observed in guanidium-salt-containing methods. By this method, quality RNA was extracted from leaf,
Abstract Research and discussion on the Internets addressing and routing scalability problems has... more Abstract Research and discussion on the Internets addressing and routing scalability problems has been for more than a decade. IP aware growing population, and learned needs in terms of site multi-homing, traffic engineering, non-aggregatable address ...
Abstract Research and discussion on the Internets addressing and routing scalability problems has... more Abstract Research and discussion on the Internets addressing and routing scalability problems has been for more than a decade. IP aware growing population, and learned needs in terms of site multi-homing, traffic engineering, non-aggregatable address ...
In a species that migrates, the regulation of migration and the accompanying metabolic adaptation... more In a species that migrates, the regulation of migration and the accompanying metabolic adaptations (e.g. hyperphagia, body fattening etc.) are closely integrated with regulation of the reproductive cycle. For example, the cycles of food intake, body fattening and gonad development are phase-related, and the phase relationship among them is determined by changes in day length . It is believed that day length (photoperiod) has dual actions on the circadian photoperiodic system . It entrains the circadian rhythm of photoperiodic photosensitivity (CRPP) and, if the light period extends into the photosensitive phase (photoinducible phase) of the CRPP, the physiological responses are induced.
ABSTRACT a b s t r a c t New dithiocarbamate (dtc) complexes of the form [(PhHg) 2 L] (L = bis(fu... more ABSTRACT a b s t r a c t New dithiocarbamate (dtc) complexes of the form [(PhHg) 2 L] (L = bis(furfurylaminomethyl)benzene dtc L1 (1)), [PhHg(L)] (L = ethyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate dtc L2 (2), thiomorpholine dtc L3 (3), N-(N-methyl-2-pyrrole)-N-(methyl-3-pyridyl) dtc L4 (4), N-(N 0 -methyl-2-pyrrole)-N-(methyl-benzyl) dtc L5 (5)) and [Hg(L) 2 ] (L = bis(N-methyl-3-pyridyl) dtc L6 (6), L4 (7), L5 (8)) have been synthesized and fully characterised; their structures revealed by X-ray crystallography. 1–5 show similar structures with the metal atoms forming two strong bonds, to carbon and one sulfur atom from the bidentate ligand in an approximate linear arrangement with an additional weak bond to the second sulfur atom. However the complexes show very different packing arrangements. 1 is a less common type of dinuclear organomercury complex containing two dithiocarbamate units linked by a 1,4-dibenzyl group. In 6, the metal lies at the centre of a distorted square plane coordinated by two L6 ligands, axially bonded by sulfur atoms on the adjacent molecules in a 2-D polymeric chain. In 7 and 8 the Hg atom is tetrahedrally coordinated to four sulfur atoms from two bidentate ligands. Complexes 2, 5, 7 and 8 show luminescence in solution. Ó 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In birds, circadian control of tissue level communication is not well understood. The present stu... more In birds, circadian control of tissue level communication is not well understood. The present study investigated this, by monitoring daily oscillation of genes coding for peptides (neuropeptide Y, NPY; vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP; somatostatis, SST) and intermediary enzymes of amine and amino acid neurotransmitters (dopamine [tyrosine hydroxylase, TH]; glutamate [glutaminase, GLS; glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2, GOT2]; gamma amino butyric actid, GABA [glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, GAD65]) biosynthetic pathway, along with c-FOS as an activation marker, in different tissues of migratory redheaded buntings, Emberiza bruniceps. We cloned a partial sequence of these genes, and measured their mRNA expression in the 'central' clock (retina, hypothalamus) and peripheral (heart, stomach, gut, liver) tissues, collected at six times (ZT 2, 6, 11, 13, 18 and 23; ZT 0 = lights on) from birds (n = 4/ ZT) in the 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle. There were daily mRNA oscillations...
The structure of the cyclic GMP-binding domain of the cyclic GMP-gated ion channel from bovine re... more The structure of the cyclic GMP-binding domain of the cyclic GMP-gated ion channel from bovine retinal rod photoreceptors has been modeled by analogy to the crystal structure of the homologous cyclic AMP-binding domain of catabolite gene activator protein (CAP). The modeled cyclic GMP-binding domain has a three-residue deletion and a five-residue insertion between beta strands compared to CAP. The major interactions of the ion channel with cyclic GMP are similar to those observed for cyclic AMP bound to CAP and predicted for cGMP bound to the cGMP-dependent protein kinase: Gly 543 and Glu 544 make hydrogen-bond interactions with the ribose 2'-OH, Arg 559 forms an ion pair with the charged phosphate oxygen, and Thr 560 forms hydrogen-bond interactions with an exocyclic phosphate oxygen and with the 2-amino group of cGMP. Three additional potential interactions were predicted from the model structure. Ile 545 O and Ser 546 OH form hydrogen-bond interactions with an exocyclic phosphate oxygen, and Phe 533 may interact with the aromatic ring of cGMP. This model is in agreement with both the analogue binding experiments and the mutational analysis of Thr 560.
School of Electrical Engineering Computer Science Science Engineering Faculty, 2010
Adjustable speed induction generators, especially the Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) are ... more Adjustable speed induction generators, especially the Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) are becoming increasingly popular due to its various advantages over fixed speed genera.
The reaction of fluorinated chalcones 2 and 6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-ylhydrazine 1 in presence of c... more The reaction of fluorinated chalcones 2 and 6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-ylhydrazine 1 in presence of catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid in refluxing ethanol yields 1-(6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-arylpyrazolines 3, which undergo facile oxidation to the corresponding pyrazoles 4 in good yield using iodobenzene diacetate (IBD). The structures of the synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their elemental analysis, MS and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.
Wilt is an important disease of brinjal crop causing significant reduction in yield. In present s... more Wilt is an important disease of brinjal crop causing significant reduction in yield. In present study, the pathogenic fungus was isolated from infected plant parts and identified based on morphological and cultural characters as Fusarium solani f. sp. melongenae. The in vitro efficacy of different plant extracts viz., Azardiachta indica, Artemessia annua, Eucalyptus globulus; Ocimum sanctum and Rheum emodi were tested to control brinjal wilt pathogen. Different concentrations 5, 10, 15 and 20% of plant extracts was used in the study. All the plant extracts showed significant reduction in the growth of pathogen. Among the different extracts 20% of Azardiachta indica was found most effective followed by Rheum emodi, Eucalyptus globulus, Artemessia annua and Ocimum sanctum. Application of plant extract which are easily available for controlling plant diseases are non-pollutive, cost effective non hazardous and do not disturb ecological balance. Investigations are in progress to test the efficacy of these extracts in field applications.
ABSTRACT Purpose: This research reviews literature on stakeholder identification and classificati... more ABSTRACT Purpose: This research reviews literature on stakeholder identification and classification related to sustainability marketing from 1998–2012, and provides a generalized approach to stakeholder identification and classification in the field of sustainability marketing. Design/methodology/approach: Beginning with brief introductions of the key concepts, the research discusses landmark studies on the subject in detail. The review process then begins by identifying and selecting relevant research papers from various online databases. Finally, 60 research papers are found suitable for the review and are examined to theoretically analyze the stakeholder identification and classification schemes used in sustainability marketing literature. Findings: This study identifies trends of growth in stakeholder identification and classification literature. In addition, there are two major findings. First, stakeholder identification can be done with the help of previous studies, with support from managers, or via a combination of both. Second, future research can adopt generic stakeholder classification schemes or relative classification schemes based on dimensions of sustainability to classify stakeholders in relation to sustainability marketing. In relative stakeholder classification, regulatory stakeholders may be considered separately. Research limitations/implications: While the literature review may be incomplete since it uses only a title-based advanced search, researchers and practitioners can still benefit from it. Originality/value: The study introduces a generalized approach to stakeholder identification and classification related to sustainability marketing, and provides a bibliography from 1998–2012 that can be used by academics and managers.
Circannual rhythms regulate seasonal reproduction in many vertebrates. The present study investig... more Circannual rhythms regulate seasonal reproduction in many vertebrates. The present study investigated if circannual reproductive phenotypes (rhythms in growth of gonads and molt) were generated independently of the circadian clocks in the subtropical non-photoperiodic spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata). Birds were subjected to light-dark (LD) cycles with identical light but varying dark hours, such that the period of LD cycle (T) equaled to 16-(12L:4D), 21-(12L:9D), 24-(12L:12D) and 27-(12L:15D) hours, or to continuous light (LL, 24L:0D) at ~18°C. During ~21-month exposure, munia underwent at least two cycles of gonadal development and molt; changes in body mass were not rhythmic. This was similar to the occurrence of annual cycles in reproduction and molt observed in wild birds. A greater asynchrony between circannual cycles of gonad and molt indicated their independent regulation. Females showed reproductive rhythms with similar circannual periods, whilst in males circannual peri...
A method for isolating transcriptionally active RNA for downstream applications from diverse tiss... more A method for isolating transcriptionally active RNA for downstream applications from diverse tissues of Jatropha curcas, a plant rich in latex, lipids, waxes, polysaccharide, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites, is described. The described method uses alkaline borate buffer during tissue homogenization to negate the formation of viscous gel observed in guanidium-salt-containing methods. By this method, quality RNA was extracted from leaf,
A method for isolating transcriptionally active RNA for downstream applications from diverse tiss... more A method for isolating transcriptionally active RNA for downstream applications from diverse tissues of Jatropha curcas, a plant rich in latex, lipids, waxes, polysaccharide, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites, is described. The described method uses alkaline borate buffer during tissue homogenization to negate the formation of viscous gel observed in guanidium-salt-containing methods. By this method, quality RNA was extracted from leaf,
Abstract Research and discussion on the Internets addressing and routing scalability problems has... more Abstract Research and discussion on the Internets addressing and routing scalability problems has been for more than a decade. IP aware growing population, and learned needs in terms of site multi-homing, traffic engineering, non-aggregatable address ...
Abstract Research and discussion on the Internets addressing and routing scalability problems has... more Abstract Research and discussion on the Internets addressing and routing scalability problems has been for more than a decade. IP aware growing population, and learned needs in terms of site multi-homing, traffic engineering, non-aggregatable address ...
In a species that migrates, the regulation of migration and the accompanying metabolic adaptation... more In a species that migrates, the regulation of migration and the accompanying metabolic adaptations (e.g. hyperphagia, body fattening etc.) are closely integrated with regulation of the reproductive cycle. For example, the cycles of food intake, body fattening and gonad development are phase-related, and the phase relationship among them is determined by changes in day length . It is believed that day length (photoperiod) has dual actions on the circadian photoperiodic system . It entrains the circadian rhythm of photoperiodic photosensitivity (CRPP) and, if the light period extends into the photosensitive phase (photoinducible phase) of the CRPP, the physiological responses are induced.
ABSTRACT a b s t r a c t New dithiocarbamate (dtc) complexes of the form [(PhHg) 2 L] (L = bis(fu... more ABSTRACT a b s t r a c t New dithiocarbamate (dtc) complexes of the form [(PhHg) 2 L] (L = bis(furfurylaminomethyl)benzene dtc L1 (1)), [PhHg(L)] (L = ethyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate dtc L2 (2), thiomorpholine dtc L3 (3), N-(N-methyl-2-pyrrole)-N-(methyl-3-pyridyl) dtc L4 (4), N-(N 0 -methyl-2-pyrrole)-N-(methyl-benzyl) dtc L5 (5)) and [Hg(L) 2 ] (L = bis(N-methyl-3-pyridyl) dtc L6 (6), L4 (7), L5 (8)) have been synthesized and fully characterised; their structures revealed by X-ray crystallography. 1–5 show similar structures with the metal atoms forming two strong bonds, to carbon and one sulfur atom from the bidentate ligand in an approximate linear arrangement with an additional weak bond to the second sulfur atom. However the complexes show very different packing arrangements. 1 is a less common type of dinuclear organomercury complex containing two dithiocarbamate units linked by a 1,4-dibenzyl group. In 6, the metal lies at the centre of a distorted square plane coordinated by two L6 ligands, axially bonded by sulfur atoms on the adjacent molecules in a 2-D polymeric chain. In 7 and 8 the Hg atom is tetrahedrally coordinated to four sulfur atoms from two bidentate ligands. Complexes 2, 5, 7 and 8 show luminescence in solution. Ó 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In birds, circadian control of tissue level communication is not well understood. The present stu... more In birds, circadian control of tissue level communication is not well understood. The present study investigated this, by monitoring daily oscillation of genes coding for peptides (neuropeptide Y, NPY; vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP; somatostatis, SST) and intermediary enzymes of amine and amino acid neurotransmitters (dopamine [tyrosine hydroxylase, TH]; glutamate [glutaminase, GLS; glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2, GOT2]; gamma amino butyric actid, GABA [glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, GAD65]) biosynthetic pathway, along with c-FOS as an activation marker, in different tissues of migratory redheaded buntings, Emberiza bruniceps. We cloned a partial sequence of these genes, and measured their mRNA expression in the 'central' clock (retina, hypothalamus) and peripheral (heart, stomach, gut, liver) tissues, collected at six times (ZT 2, 6, 11, 13, 18 and 23; ZT 0 = lights on) from birds (n = 4/ ZT) in the 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle. There were daily mRNA oscillations...
The structure of the cyclic GMP-binding domain of the cyclic GMP-gated ion channel from bovine re... more The structure of the cyclic GMP-binding domain of the cyclic GMP-gated ion channel from bovine retinal rod photoreceptors has been modeled by analogy to the crystal structure of the homologous cyclic AMP-binding domain of catabolite gene activator protein (CAP). The modeled cyclic GMP-binding domain has a three-residue deletion and a five-residue insertion between beta strands compared to CAP. The major interactions of the ion channel with cyclic GMP are similar to those observed for cyclic AMP bound to CAP and predicted for cGMP bound to the cGMP-dependent protein kinase: Gly 543 and Glu 544 make hydrogen-bond interactions with the ribose 2'-OH, Arg 559 forms an ion pair with the charged phosphate oxygen, and Thr 560 forms hydrogen-bond interactions with an exocyclic phosphate oxygen and with the 2-amino group of cGMP. Three additional potential interactions were predicted from the model structure. Ile 545 O and Ser 546 OH form hydrogen-bond interactions with an exocyclic phosphate oxygen, and Phe 533 may interact with the aromatic ring of cGMP. This model is in agreement with both the analogue binding experiments and the mutational analysis of Thr 560.
School of Electrical Engineering Computer Science Science Engineering Faculty, 2010
Adjustable speed induction generators, especially the Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) are ... more Adjustable speed induction generators, especially the Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) are becoming increasingly popular due to its various advantages over fixed speed genera.
The reaction of fluorinated chalcones 2 and 6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-ylhydrazine 1 in presence of c... more The reaction of fluorinated chalcones 2 and 6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-ylhydrazine 1 in presence of catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid in refluxing ethanol yields 1-(6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-arylpyrazolines 3, which undergo facile oxidation to the corresponding pyrazoles 4 in good yield using iodobenzene diacetate (IBD). The structures of the synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their elemental analysis, MS and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.
Wilt is an important disease of brinjal crop causing significant reduction in yield. In present s... more Wilt is an important disease of brinjal crop causing significant reduction in yield. In present study, the pathogenic fungus was isolated from infected plant parts and identified based on morphological and cultural characters as Fusarium solani f. sp. melongenae. The in vitro efficacy of different plant extracts viz., Azardiachta indica, Artemessia annua, Eucalyptus globulus; Ocimum sanctum and Rheum emodi were tested to control brinjal wilt pathogen. Different concentrations 5, 10, 15 and 20% of plant extracts was used in the study. All the plant extracts showed significant reduction in the growth of pathogen. Among the different extracts 20% of Azardiachta indica was found most effective followed by Rheum emodi, Eucalyptus globulus, Artemessia annua and Ocimum sanctum. Application of plant extract which are easily available for controlling plant diseases are non-pollutive, cost effective non hazardous and do not disturb ecological balance. Investigations are in progress to test the efficacy of these extracts in field applications.
ABSTRACT Purpose: This research reviews literature on stakeholder identification and classificati... more ABSTRACT Purpose: This research reviews literature on stakeholder identification and classification related to sustainability marketing from 1998–2012, and provides a generalized approach to stakeholder identification and classification in the field of sustainability marketing. Design/methodology/approach: Beginning with brief introductions of the key concepts, the research discusses landmark studies on the subject in detail. The review process then begins by identifying and selecting relevant research papers from various online databases. Finally, 60 research papers are found suitable for the review and are examined to theoretically analyze the stakeholder identification and classification schemes used in sustainability marketing literature. Findings: This study identifies trends of growth in stakeholder identification and classification literature. In addition, there are two major findings. First, stakeholder identification can be done with the help of previous studies, with support from managers, or via a combination of both. Second, future research can adopt generic stakeholder classification schemes or relative classification schemes based on dimensions of sustainability to classify stakeholders in relation to sustainability marketing. In relative stakeholder classification, regulatory stakeholders may be considered separately. Research limitations/implications: While the literature review may be incomplete since it uses only a title-based advanced search, researchers and practitioners can still benefit from it. Originality/value: The study introduces a generalized approach to stakeholder identification and classification related to sustainability marketing, and provides a bibliography from 1998–2012 that can be used by academics and managers.
Biodegradability under natural environmental conditions determines the ecotoxicological potential... more Biodegradability under natural environmental conditions determines the ecotoxicological potential of a chemical. The biodegradability of a soap-based fire-fighting agent (SFFA), composed of long chain fatty acid salts, a chelating agent and diluents, by microorganisms in rivers and soils was investigated under aerobic conditions. Activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant was used as the medium exposed to SFFA. Results of batch respirometric tests showed the presence of three distinct substrate fractions considered to be long chain fatty acid salts, a chelating agent (N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)glutamate tetrasodium salt, and glycols (propylene glycol and hexylene glycol). The three substrate fractions were found to degrade within the first day of incubation. The SFFA was readily biodegraded under aerobic conditions.
Recently, several life cycle analyses of algal biodiesel from virtual production facilities have ... more Recently, several life cycle analyses of algal biodiesel from virtual production facilities have outlined the potential environmental benefits and energetic balance of the process. There are a wide range of assumptions that have been utilized for these calculations, including the addition of fertilizers and carbon dioxide to achieve high algal yields in open ponds. This paper presents an energy balance of microalgal production in open ponds coupled with nutrient removal from wastewater. Actual microalgal yields and nutrient removal rates were obtained from four pilot-scale reactors (2500 gallons each) fed with wastewater effluent from a conventional activated sludge process for 6 months, and the data was used to estimate an energy balance for treating the total average 12 million gallons per day processed by the wastewater treatment plant. Since one of the most energy-intensive steps is the dewatering of algal cultures, several thickening and dewatering processes were compared. This analysis also includes the energy offset from removing nutrients with algal reactors rather than the biological nutrient removal processes typically utilized in municipal wastewater treatment. The results show that biofuel production is energetically favorable for open pond reactors utilizing wastewater as a nutrient source, even without an energy credit for nutrient removal. The energy content of algal biomass was also considered as an alternate to lipid extraction and biodiesel production. Direct combustion of algal biomass may be a more viable energy source than biofuel production, especially when the lipid content of dry biomass (10% in this field experiment) is lower than the high values reported in lab-scale reactors (50–60%).
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