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Amir Kabunga

Makerere University Kampala, Mental Health and Community Psychology, Faculty Member

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Amir Kabunga (PhD)BA (ED), PGD (PP), Dip, MSc, PhD
Psychologist, Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Lira University, Uganda

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University of Botswana

jinenus Tadessa

Mariagrazia D'Ippolito

Fondazione Santa Lucia

CHALACHEW KASSAW

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Papers by Amir Kabunga

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Coping Strategies Among People with HIV in Lira District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Jacob Omara and Amir Kabunga

pav, 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly reported mental health consequence fol... more Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly reported mental health consequence following traumatic events. However, little is known about how people with HIV cope with the PTSD burden in Lira city, northern Uganda. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Lira District Health Centre IVs from February 10, 2022, to March 10, 2022. A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 390 people with HIV attending Lira Health Centre IVs. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select the sample size. Questionnaires were used to collect data. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with independent variables, and AOR was employed to estimate the strength of association between independent and dependent variables. Results: Results show that the estimated prevalence of PTSD was 254 (65.1%) and was higher among the females 191 (75.2%), those with no formal education 143 (56.3%), aged 40 years and above 121 (47.6%), and married 127 (50.0%). Results indicate that male respondents had a 51% reduced odds of developing PTSD burden compared to female respondents (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30-0.81; P = 0.005). Individuals who did not use planning activities as a coping strategy had more than 2-fold increased odds of experiencing PTSD compared to those who planned activities (AOR: 2.43; 1.26-4.70; P = 0.008). Participants who did not have emotional support had close to 3-fold increased chances of developing PTSD compared to those who had emotional support (AOR: 2.94; 1.74-4.98; P ≤ 0.001). Participants who indicated they were not taking recourse to spirituality had more than 4-fold increased odds of experiencing PTSD compared to those who had spirituality (AOR: 4.40; 1.83-10.46; P = 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable burden of PTSD among HIV clients attending health centre IVs in Lira District was notably higher and was associated with gender, planning activities, emotional support and spirituality. Early screening of PTSD among HIV clients is needed to alleviate the burden. There is also a need to include PTSD treatment services in the treatment programme of HIV care services in health centre IVs in Lira District.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa

PLOS global public health, Jun 21, 2024

Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where t... more Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare professionals. This study systematically estimated the prevalence of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review was conducted using keywords in PubMed, Science-Direct, Google Scholar, and grey literature, covering all literature published between 2012 and December 30, 2023. The search team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis of all included studies. The systematic review, reported following PRISMA guidelines, included 11 studies. The results show that the pooled overall prevalence of compassion fatigue in Sub-Saharan Africa was 70% (95% CI: 57-82, I 2 = 88.37%). The highest prevalence was found in Eastern Africa at 74% (95% CI: 55-93, I 2 = 94.40%), compared to 64% in Southern Africa (95% CI: 49-79, I 2 = 59.01%). Nurses reported the highest rates of compassion fatigue at 80% (95% CI: 57-100, I 2 = 34.77%), followed by general healthcare professionals at 59% (95% CI: 22-97, I 2 = 94.11%) and nursing students at 50% (95% CI: 35-64, I 2 = 0.00%). Before COVID-19, the overall prevalence of compassion fatigue was 66% (95% CI: 41-91, I 2 = 27%). During COVID-19, this increased to 74% (95% CI: 63-85, I 2 = 88.73%). Our results indicate that nearly 3 in 4 healthcare professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa experience compassion fatigue, and this prevalence increased due to the pandemic. The high prevalence underscores the importance of addressing and mitigating compassion fatigue to support the mental health and emotional well-being of healthcare professionals dedicated to helping others in challenging circumstances.

Knowledge, Perception, and Practice of Safe Medical Circumcision on HIV Infection Risk Reduction among Undergraduate Students of a Public University in Northern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

BioMed research international, Apr 9, 2024

Background. About 70% (25.6 million) of the global HIV/AIDS burden is from Sub-Saharan Africa. Sa... more Background. About 70% (25.6 million) of the global HIV/AIDS burden is from Sub-Saharan Africa. Safe male circumcision (SMC) is one of the measures that were adopted by the Ugandan government aimed at reducing the risk of HIV infection contraction, as recommended by the WHO. Its main goal was to maximize HIV prevention impact with voluntary medical circumcision services to all adult men and adolescent boys. The objective of our study was to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of safe medical circumcision on HIV infection risk reduction among undergraduate students of a public university in Northern Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 556 randomly selected Lira University undergraduate students from March 2023 to June 2023. With the use of a self-administered questionnaire, we collected data on the knowledge and perceptions of undergraduate students towards safe medical circumcision. Data were exported to Stata® 17 statistical software. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate regression analyses were done at a statistical level of significance P value &lt; 0.05. Results. Our 556 study participants had an age range of 21-25 years. The majority (81.29%) of the respondents knew that safe medical circumcision reduces the risk of acquiring HIV. However, the perception is that close to 3 in 4 (74.46%) of the students were unsure if they would opt for safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure against HIV. The practice of safe medical circumcision was 64.8% among the study participants. Conclusions. More than three in four of the undergraduate students have knowledge on safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure for HIV infection. And close to 3 in 4 (74.46%) of the student&#39;s perception were unsure if they would opt for safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure against HIV. The practice of safe medical circumcision was 64.8% among the study participants. Therefore, in an effort to increase SMC&#39;s adoption for HIV/AIDS prevention, the Ministry of Health of Uganda and related stakeholders in health should work hand in hand with university study bodies in order to optimize SMC uptake among university students.

The Lived Experiences of Individuals and Coping Strategies in the Context of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study Within Higher Education Setting in Uganda

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, Apr 1, 2024

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnosti... more Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), poses significant threats to physical, social, and mental well-being. This study aims to delve into the experiences of individuals grappling with IGD. Methods and Materials: The study employed an interpretive phenomenology, conducting interviews with 10 graduate students at Makerere University. Participants were purposefully sampled until data saturation was achieved during interviews, which took place between May and July 2023. An interview guide facilitated data collection (Supplementary File 1), and thematic analysis was manually applied for data interpretation, utilizing intuition and imaginative approaches. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of participants started gaming during childhood, starting with offline games. Exposure to gadgets and games, idle time, and stress emerged as key triggers for IGD. Participants reported experiencing sleep deficits, deteriorating interpersonal relationships, declining job performance, unhealthy eating habits, academic challenges, and wastage of money and time. The study also identified strategies employed by participants to mitigate their gaming behaviors, such as refraining from purchasing data, seeking support from friends, and uninstalling the game app, although relapses were common. Conclusion: The study highlights a global pattern of early initiation into gaming, emphasizing the need for early intervention and preventive measures. Factors such as easy accessibility and affordability of gaming platforms, idleness, and stress play significant roles in motivating internet gaming, contributing to a higher prevalence among the studied population. The research underscores the adverse effects of IGD on students, affecting academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and job performance. Notably, participants demonstrate agency in addressing IGD through practical coping strategies, including controlling data access, seeking social support, and uninstalling games. These coping mechanisms provide valuable insights into the complex nature of addressing IGD and form a basis for developing targeted interventions and support systems within the higher education setting in Uganda.

An Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Quality of Life Among Adults Living with HIV in Western Uganda

HIV/AIDS, Mar 1, 2024

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infec... more Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infected individuals. Living with HIV involves complex mental health dynamics, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being a prevalent challenge. This study aims to examine the correlation between PTSD and quality of life among HIV-positive individuals in western Uganda. Material and Methods: Conducted between May and July 2023, this facility-based cross-sectional study surveyed 439 participants from four HIV clinics in southwestern Uganda. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression (p<0.05). Results: Respondents had a mean age of 40.6 years, with 68.3% female, 54.9% married, and 55.1% lacking formal education. The reported PTSD prevalence among HIV-positive individuals was 33.7%, significantly correlating with reduced overall quality of life (β = -4.52; p<0.001). The social quality of life had the highest mean score of 14.24 (±3.45) while the environmental quality of life had the lowest mean score 11.89 (±2.68). Our study reveals a concerning prevalence of PTSD, affecting 1 in 3 individuals, emphasizing the pressing need for comprehensive mental health support within HIV care settings. We observed a significant negative impact of PTSD on overall quality of life, particularly in physical and social aspects. Integrating mental health screening into routine HIV care is crucial, using validated tools like the PSTD Checklist Civilian Version, alongside training for healthcare providers to recognize PTSD symptoms in the context of HIV diagnosis and treatment.

Qualitative study on stigma as a barrier to emergency contraceptive pill use among university students in the Lango subregion, Uganda

BMJ open, Feb 1, 2024

Qualitative study on stigma as a barrier to emergency contraceptive pill use among university stu... more

Access to family planning services and associated factors among young people in Lira city northern Uganda

BMC public health, Apr 24, 2024

A systematic review and meta-analysis of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa

PLOS Glob Public Health , 2024

Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where t... more Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare professionals. This study systematically estimated the prevalence of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review was conducted using keywords in PubMed, Science-Direct, Google Scholar, and grey literature, covering all literature published between 2012 and December 30, 2023. The search team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis of all included studies. The systematic review, reported following PRISMA guidelines, included 11 studies. The results show that the pooled overall prevalence of compassion fatigue in Sub-Saharan Africa was 70% (95% CI: 57-82, I 2 = 88.37%). The highest prevalence was found in Eastern Africa at 74% (95% CI: 55-93, I 2 = 94.40%), compared to 64% in Southern Africa (95% CI: 49-79, I 2 = 59.01%). Nurses reported the highest rates of compassion fatigue at 80% (95% CI: 57-100, I 2 = 34.77%), followed by general healthcare professionals at 59% (95% CI: 22-97, I 2 = 94.11%) and nursing students at 50% (95% CI: 35-64, I 2 = 0.00%). Before COVID-19, the overall prevalence of compassion fatigue was 66% (95% CI: 41-91, I 2 = 27%). During COVID-19, this increased to 74% (95% CI: 63-85, I 2 = 88.73%). Our results indicate that nearly 3 in 4 healthcare professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa experience compassion fatigue, and this prevalence increased due to the pandemic. The high prevalence underscores the importance of addressing and mitigating compassion fatigue to support the mental health and emotional well-being of healthcare professionals dedicated to helping others in challenging circumstances. Systematic registration: PROSPERO. REG No: CRD42023449462.

Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of a novel malaria vaccine among at-risk children in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol

Background The World Health Organization novel malaria vaccine for at-risk children has the poten... more Background The World Health Organization novel malaria vaccine for at-risk children has the potential to greatly reduce the current malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. However, most studies have reported contradictory findings regarding community willingness for the vaccine, which could easily undermine the expected benefits of the vaccine. This study aims to ascertain the current state of community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of a novel malaria vaccine (RTS,S/ASO1) among at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa, based on available evidence. Methods This study will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Relevant studies will be comprehensively searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and African journals online, in accordance with the Cochrane search guidelines. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts of eligible studies based on some specified eligibility criteria. When it is feasible to conduct a meta-analysis, a random effects model will be employed to estimate the common effect due to anticipated high heterogeneity of the data. The effect measure for readiness or acceptance will be reported as a pooled proportion with corresponding 95% confidence interval. Additionally, odds ratios with 95% confidence interval will be estimated to assess factors associated with readiness. These will be presented on a forest plot. Dissemination plans The findings of the study will be peer-reviewed and published in a scientific journal. Conference presentations will also be made to the different stakeholders in the malaria vaccination campaigns. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023480528.

The Lived Experiences of Individuals and Coping Strategies in the Context of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study Within Higher Education Setting in Uganda

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnosti... more Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), poses significant threats to physical, social, and mental well-being. This study aims to delve into the experiences of individuals grappling with IGD. Methods and Materials: The study employed an interpretive phenomenology, conducting interviews with 10 graduate students at Makerere University. Participants were purposefully sampled until data saturation was achieved during interviews, which took place between May and July 2023. An interview guide facilitated data collection (Supplementary File 1), and thematic analysis was manually applied for data interpretation, utilizing intuition and imaginative approaches. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of participants started gaming during childhood, starting with offline games. Exposure to gadgets and games, idle time, and stress emerged as key triggers for IGD. Participants reported experiencing sleep deficits, deteriorating interpersonal relationships, declining job performance, unhealthy eating habits, academic challenges, and wastage of money and time. The study also identified strategies employed by participants to mitigate their gaming behaviors, such as refraining from purchasing data, seeking support from friends, and uninstalling the game app, although relapses were common. Conclusion: The study highlights a global pattern of early initiation into gaming, emphasizing the need for early intervention and preventive measures. Factors such as easy accessibility and affordability of gaming platforms, idleness, and stress play significant roles in motivating internet gaming, contributing to a higher prevalence among the studied population. The research underscores the adverse effects of IGD on students, affecting academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and job performance. Notably, participants demonstrate agency in addressing IGD through practical coping strategies, including controlling data access, seeking social support, and uninstalling games. These coping mechanisms provide valuable insights into the complex nature of addressing IGD and form a basis for developing targeted interventions and support systems within the higher education setting in Uganda.

Knowledge, Perception, and Practice of Safe Medical Circumcision on HIV Infection Risk Reduction among Undergraduate Students of a Public University in Northern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background. About 70% (25.6 million) of the global HIV/AIDS burden is from Sub-Saharan Africa. Sa... more Background. About 70% (25.6 million) of the global HIV/AIDS burden is from Sub-Saharan Africa. Safe male circumcision (SMC) is one of the measures that were adopted by the Ugandan government aimed at reducing the risk of HIV infection contraction, as recommended by the WHO. Its main goal was to maximize HIV prevention impact with voluntary medical circumcision services to all adult men and adolescent boys. The objective of our study was to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of safe medical circumcision on HIV infection risk reduction among undergraduate students of a public university in Northern Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 556 randomly selected Lira University undergraduate students from March 2023 to June 2023. With the use of a self-administered questionnaire, we collected data on the knowledge and perceptions of undergraduate students towards safe medical circumcision. Data were exported to Stata® 17 statistical software. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate regression analyses were done at a statistical level of significance P value < 0.05. Results. Our 556 study participants had an age range of 21-25 years. The majority (81.29%) of the respondents knew that safe medical circumcision reduces the risk of acquiring HIV. However, the perception is that close to 3 in 4 (74.46%) of the students were unsure if they would opt for safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure against HIV. The practice of safe medical circumcision was 64.8% among the study participants. Conclusions. More than three in four of the undergraduate students have knowledge on safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure for HIV infection. And close to 3 in 4 (74.46%) of the student's perception were unsure if they would opt for safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure against HIV. The practice of safe medical circumcision was 64.8% among the study participants. Therefore, in an effort to increase SMC's adoption for HIV/AIDS prevention, the Ministry of Health of Uganda and related stakeholders in health should work hand in hand with university study bodies in order to optimize SMC uptake among university students.

Qualitative study on stigma as a barrier to emergency contraceptive pill use among university students in the Lango subregion, Uganda

by Amir Kabunga and Amir Kabunga

Qualitative study on stigma as a barrier to emergency contraceptive pill use among university stu... more

An Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Quality of Life Among Adults Living with HIV in Western Uganda

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infec... more Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infected individuals. Living with HIV involves complex mental health dynamics, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being a prevalent challenge. This study aims to examine the correlation between PTSD and quality of life among HIV-positive individuals in western Uganda. Material and Methods: Conducted between May and July 2023, this facility-based cross-sectional study surveyed 439 participants from four HIV clinics in southwestern Uganda. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression (p<0.05). Results: Respondents had a mean age of 40.6 years, with 68.3% female, 54.9% married, and 55.1% lacking formal education. The reported PTSD prevalence among HIV-positive individuals was 33.7%, significantly correlating with reduced overall quality of life (β = −4.52; p<0.001). The social quality of life had the highest mean score of 14.24 (±3.45) while the environmental quality of life had the lowest mean score 11.89 (±2.68). Conclusion: Our study reveals a concerning prevalence of PTSD, affecting 1 in 3 individuals, emphasizing the pressing need for comprehensive mental health support within HIV care settings. We observed a significant negative impact of PTSD on overall quality of life, particularly in physical and social aspects. Integrating mental health screening into routine HIV care is crucial, using validated tools like the PSTD Checklist Civilian Version, alongside training for healthcare providers to recognize PTSD symptoms in the context of HIV diagnosis and treatment.

Uptake and Associated Factors of Male Contraceptive Method Use: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Uganda

Open access journal of contraception, Jul 1, 2023

Background: Uganda has one of the highest fertility rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Improving ... more Background: Uganda has one of the highest fertility rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Improving contraceptive uptake in all genders, including males, may be critical to meeting family planning goals in such a setting. Yet, data on male contraception uptake and associated factors in SSA, including Uganda, are limited. We determined the uptake and associated factors of male contraception use in Lira City, Northern Uganda. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study from November 12, 2022, to December 12, 2022, among men aged ≥18 years. We used multi-stage sampling to select participants from 12 cells of Lira City divisions of East and West. Data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. We defined uptake in males who had used any contraceptive method, including periodic abstinence, withdrawal, condoms, and vasectomy in the previous four weeks. We performed modified Poisson regression to identify associated factors of male contraception uptake. Results: We recruited 401 participants with mean age of 30.4 (±9.3) years. Male contraceptive uptake was 46.4%, 95% CI: 41.5-51.3%. Ever heard about male contraception (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] =1.73, 95% CI: 1.172-2.539, p=0.006), willingness to use novel methods (aPR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.337-6.293, p=0.007), both partners being responsible for contraception (aPR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.113-2.119, p=0.009) were the factors associated with male contraception uptake. Conclusion: We found that nearly half of the men surveyed had used male contraceptive methods in Lira City. Factors associated with the uptake of male contraception included having heard about male contraception, joint couple decision regarding contraception, and the use of novel methods of male contraception. We recommend comprehensive education and awareness campaigns to promote male contraception, with a particular emphasis on encouraging shared decision-making within couples and introducing innovative contraceptive options.

Frontline nurses' compassion fatigue and associated predictive factors during the second wave of <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 in Kampala, Uganda

Nursing open, May 28, 2022

AimThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated contextual factors of compassion fati... more AimThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated contextual factors of compassion fatigue in nurses in Kampala.DesignThis study employed a cross‐sectional study design.MethodsParticipants included 395 nurses. They provided details about their demographic information. Stamm's Professional Quality of Life V‐5 was used to assess the levels of compassion fatigue. Statistical analysis included Pearson's chi‐square and Fischer's exact test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p‐value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the total 395 participants, 58.23% (N = 230) were female, 39.76% had a diploma, 47.09% were single, 43.54% had worked for 11–15 years, 54.94% had an exposure to COVID‐19 cases and 43.54% worked for more than 10 hr a day. 49.11% had high levels of compassion fatigue. The predictors of compassion fatigue were working experience (p‐value = <.001), exposure to COVID‐19 (p‐value = <.019), long working hours (p‐value = .003) and remuneration (p‐value = <.001).

Factors Influencing the Status of Adherence to Second Clinic Visit Among Clients Newly Diagnosed with HIV in Northern Uganda: A Mixed-Methods Study

HIV/AIDS : Research and Palliative Care, Apr 1, 2023

Background: The "test-and-treat" policy may adversely affect adherence to clinic visits of client... more Background: The "test-and-treat" policy may adversely affect adherence to clinic visits of clients newly diagnosed with HIV due to unpreparedness to commence treatment. However, few studies have examined the factors influencing the status of adherence to second clinic visit among clients newly diagnosed with HIV. We examined the factors influencing the status of adherence to second clinic visit among clients newly diagnosed with HIV in Apac District, northern Uganda. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study conducted among 292 systematically sampled clients newly diagnosed with HIV for the survey and 15 purposively sampled clients for the in-depth interview from July to August 2020. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire, while qualitative data were collected using an interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: The mean age of the study participants were 39.5±11 years and their age ranged from 18 to 72 years. Close to three-quarters of study participants adhered to their second clinic visit 74% (214/292). Factors that influenced participants' adherence to the second clinic visit were the adequate HIV pre/post-test counseling positive attitude of clients towards HIV-positive diagnosis, family support, and long waiting time. Conclusion: More than two-thirds of clients newly diagnosed with HIV in Apac District, northern Uganda adhered to their second clinic visit. HIV/AIDS service providers should strengthen HIV pre/post-test counselling, social support systems for persons living with HIV/AIDS, and reduce clients' waiting time to improve adherence to second clinic visit among clients newly diagnosed with HIV.

Barriers to Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Uptake to Prevent HIV Transmission: A Qualitative Study among Married Men

International journal of academic research in business & social sciences, Apr 6, 2023

Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a relatively new intervention that has ... more Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a relatively new intervention that has been found to reduce sexual transmission of HIV among heterosexual partners by 60% when properly practiced. However, the poor acceptance of VMMC makes it difficult to accomplish the objectives of health policy to boost uptake. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers to VMMC Uptake among married men in Kitgum municipality. Methods: The qualitative descriptive design was employed in this study. The purposive sampling method was used to recruit 30 married men who lived within any of the three divisions of the municipality and had been married for at least one year. Data collection was done using an in-depth interview method. Inductive content analysis was used to generate the themes and categories. Results: The study findings revealed that fear, financial uncertainty, involvement of female health workers, cultural beliefs, religious belief, sexual dissatisfaction and advanced age were barriers to voluntary medical male circumcision uptake among the married men in Kitgum municipality. Conclusion: In Kitgum municipality, VMMC Uptake is still low, but the majority of the males had sufficient knowledge about it. We found the low uptake was primarily attributed to anxiety, involvement of female health workers, financial instability, sexual unhappiness, and advanced age. There is a need for proper re-packaging of the health education messages during mobilisations to address the anticipated side effects and to clearly state the reasons for the VMMC program. There is a need for proper re-packaging of the health education messages during mobilisations to address the communication gaps and to clearly state the reasons for VMMC program. Adequate psychological preparation of the men to expect any sex of staffs working in these clinics.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among Out-Of-School Adolescents in Ayere Village, Northern Uganda

International journal of academic research in progressive education and development, Mar 13, 2021

Globally mental health conditions account for 16% of the global burden of disease to adolescents ... more Globally mental health conditions account for 16% of the global burden of disease to adolescents aged 10-19 years with depression ranking as one of the leading causes of illness and disability among this age group and the burden of depression is higher in low and middle-income countries. However, little is known about how these conditions predispose to out-of-school adolescent depression. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with depression among out-of-school adolescents in Ayere village, northern Uganda. The study employed a crosssectional survey carried out in November 2020 in which 164 out-of-school adolescents in Ayere village, northern Uganda were randomly selected to participate in the study. The study revealed that 34% had major depressive disorders with the majority (66%) reporting no major depressive disorders. The socio-demographics associated with depressive disorder were age, marital status, support from friends and family members, and childbearing. The prevalence of the major depressive disorder among out-of school adolescents is substantially high and was associated with orphanhood, staying with a single parent, low support, and marital status. Results from our study underscore the importance of social support concerning major depressive disorders among out-of-school adolescents.

Prevalence of and institutional factors associated with depression among undergraduate students at Gulu University

Insights on the depression and anxiety, Mar 11, 2022

Depression is one of the major global disease burdens affecting young adults aged between 18 and ... more Depression is one of the major global disease burdens affecting young adults aged between 18 and 25 years [1]. Studies show that depression is of the top mental health issues affecting undergraduate students and the rate of depression among this very group continues to rise [2]. University students are a special group of the society largely affected by depression [3]. Studies across the globe indicate

Landslide disasters in eastern Uganda: post-traumatic stress disorder and its correlates among survivors in Bududa district

BMC Psychology, Dec 5, 2022

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is the commonly reported psychiatric morbidity among t... more Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is the commonly reported psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of natural disasters. However, its prevalence particularly in Bududa, Eastern Uganda is largely unknown. Aims and objectives: To assess the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder among Bududa landslide survivors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 587 participants. The study setting was the Bududa district, with a multistage sampling method. Pre-tested, administered interviewer PTSD Checklist-civilian version was used as screening tools between 4th and April 29th 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive and binary logistic approaches at a 5% level of significance. Results: Of the study participants, 276 (46.8%) had PTSD symptoms. Among the respondents, 250 (42.6%) were in the age range of 40 and above, 396 (67.3%) were female, 284 (48.4%) had no formal education, and 333 (56.7%) were married. Results showed that male gender (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI 0.31-0.73; p = 0.001), widowhood (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.21-0.94; p = 0.034), lack of counseling (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.21-0.94; p = 0.001), and duration since the landslide (AOR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.23-0.52; p = 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of screening for PTSD in landslide survivors. Conclusion: Landslides pose significant effects on the mental health of survivors. In the present study, the extent of PTSD among survivors is substantially high. male gender,, widowhood, lack of counselling, low social support, and duration since the landslide were significantly associated with PTSD. Effective screening and awareness programs among survivors should be strengthened for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of landslides.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Coping Strategies Among People with HIV in Lira District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Jacob Omara and Amir Kabunga

pav, 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly reported mental health consequence fol... more Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly reported mental health consequence following traumatic events. However, little is known about how people with HIV cope with the PTSD burden in Lira city, northern Uganda. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Lira District Health Centre IVs from February 10, 2022, to March 10, 2022. A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 390 people with HIV attending Lira Health Centre IVs. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select the sample size. Questionnaires were used to collect data. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with independent variables, and AOR was employed to estimate the strength of association between independent and dependent variables. Results: Results show that the estimated prevalence of PTSD was 254 (65.1%) and was higher among the females 191 (75.2%), those with no formal education 143 (56.3%), aged 40 years and above 121 (47.6%), and married 127 (50.0%). Results indicate that male respondents had a 51% reduced odds of developing PTSD burden compared to female respondents (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30-0.81; P = 0.005). Individuals who did not use planning activities as a coping strategy had more than 2-fold increased odds of experiencing PTSD compared to those who planned activities (AOR: 2.43; 1.26-4.70; P = 0.008). Participants who did not have emotional support had close to 3-fold increased chances of developing PTSD compared to those who had emotional support (AOR: 2.94; 1.74-4.98; P ≤ 0.001). Participants who indicated they were not taking recourse to spirituality had more than 4-fold increased odds of experiencing PTSD compared to those who had spirituality (AOR: 4.40; 1.83-10.46; P = 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable burden of PTSD among HIV clients attending health centre IVs in Lira District was notably higher and was associated with gender, planning activities, emotional support and spirituality. Early screening of PTSD among HIV clients is needed to alleviate the burden. There is also a need to include PTSD treatment services in the treatment programme of HIV care services in health centre IVs in Lira District.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa

PLOS global public health, Jun 21, 2024

Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where t... more Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare professionals. This study systematically estimated the prevalence of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review was conducted using keywords in PubMed, Science-Direct, Google Scholar, and grey literature, covering all literature published between 2012 and December 30, 2023. The search team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis of all included studies. The systematic review, reported following PRISMA guidelines, included 11 studies. The results show that the pooled overall prevalence of compassion fatigue in Sub-Saharan Africa was 70% (95% CI: 57-82, I 2 = 88.37%). The highest prevalence was found in Eastern Africa at 74% (95% CI: 55-93, I 2 = 94.40%), compared to 64% in Southern Africa (95% CI: 49-79, I 2 = 59.01%). Nurses reported the highest rates of compassion fatigue at 80% (95% CI: 57-100, I 2 = 34.77%), followed by general healthcare professionals at 59% (95% CI: 22-97, I 2 = 94.11%) and nursing students at 50% (95% CI: 35-64, I 2 = 0.00%). Before COVID-19, the overall prevalence of compassion fatigue was 66% (95% CI: 41-91, I 2 = 27%). During COVID-19, this increased to 74% (95% CI: 63-85, I 2 = 88.73%). Our results indicate that nearly 3 in 4 healthcare professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa experience compassion fatigue, and this prevalence increased due to the pandemic. The high prevalence underscores the importance of addressing and mitigating compassion fatigue to support the mental health and emotional well-being of healthcare professionals dedicated to helping others in challenging circumstances.

Knowledge, Perception, and Practice of Safe Medical Circumcision on HIV Infection Risk Reduction among Undergraduate Students of a Public University in Northern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

BioMed research international, Apr 9, 2024

Background. About 70% (25.6 million) of the global HIV/AIDS burden is from Sub-Saharan Africa. Sa... more Background. About 70% (25.6 million) of the global HIV/AIDS burden is from Sub-Saharan Africa. Safe male circumcision (SMC) is one of the measures that were adopted by the Ugandan government aimed at reducing the risk of HIV infection contraction, as recommended by the WHO. Its main goal was to maximize HIV prevention impact with voluntary medical circumcision services to all adult men and adolescent boys. The objective of our study was to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of safe medical circumcision on HIV infection risk reduction among undergraduate students of a public university in Northern Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 556 randomly selected Lira University undergraduate students from March 2023 to June 2023. With the use of a self-administered questionnaire, we collected data on the knowledge and perceptions of undergraduate students towards safe medical circumcision. Data were exported to Stata® 17 statistical software. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate regression analyses were done at a statistical level of significance P value &lt; 0.05. Results. Our 556 study participants had an age range of 21-25 years. The majority (81.29%) of the respondents knew that safe medical circumcision reduces the risk of acquiring HIV. However, the perception is that close to 3 in 4 (74.46%) of the students were unsure if they would opt for safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure against HIV. The practice of safe medical circumcision was 64.8% among the study participants. Conclusions. More than three in four of the undergraduate students have knowledge on safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure for HIV infection. And close to 3 in 4 (74.46%) of the student&#39;s perception were unsure if they would opt for safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure against HIV. The practice of safe medical circumcision was 64.8% among the study participants. Therefore, in an effort to increase SMC&#39;s adoption for HIV/AIDS prevention, the Ministry of Health of Uganda and related stakeholders in health should work hand in hand with university study bodies in order to optimize SMC uptake among university students.

The Lived Experiences of Individuals and Coping Strategies in the Context of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study Within Higher Education Setting in Uganda

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, Apr 1, 2024

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnosti... more Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), poses significant threats to physical, social, and mental well-being. This study aims to delve into the experiences of individuals grappling with IGD. Methods and Materials: The study employed an interpretive phenomenology, conducting interviews with 10 graduate students at Makerere University. Participants were purposefully sampled until data saturation was achieved during interviews, which took place between May and July 2023. An interview guide facilitated data collection (Supplementary File 1), and thematic analysis was manually applied for data interpretation, utilizing intuition and imaginative approaches. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of participants started gaming during childhood, starting with offline games. Exposure to gadgets and games, idle time, and stress emerged as key triggers for IGD. Participants reported experiencing sleep deficits, deteriorating interpersonal relationships, declining job performance, unhealthy eating habits, academic challenges, and wastage of money and time. The study also identified strategies employed by participants to mitigate their gaming behaviors, such as refraining from purchasing data, seeking support from friends, and uninstalling the game app, although relapses were common. Conclusion: The study highlights a global pattern of early initiation into gaming, emphasizing the need for early intervention and preventive measures. Factors such as easy accessibility and affordability of gaming platforms, idleness, and stress play significant roles in motivating internet gaming, contributing to a higher prevalence among the studied population. The research underscores the adverse effects of IGD on students, affecting academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and job performance. Notably, participants demonstrate agency in addressing IGD through practical coping strategies, including controlling data access, seeking social support, and uninstalling games. These coping mechanisms provide valuable insights into the complex nature of addressing IGD and form a basis for developing targeted interventions and support systems within the higher education setting in Uganda.

An Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Quality of Life Among Adults Living with HIV in Western Uganda

HIV/AIDS, Mar 1, 2024

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infec... more Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infected individuals. Living with HIV involves complex mental health dynamics, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being a prevalent challenge. This study aims to examine the correlation between PTSD and quality of life among HIV-positive individuals in western Uganda. Material and Methods: Conducted between May and July 2023, this facility-based cross-sectional study surveyed 439 participants from four HIV clinics in southwestern Uganda. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression (p<0.05). Results: Respondents had a mean age of 40.6 years, with 68.3% female, 54.9% married, and 55.1% lacking formal education. The reported PTSD prevalence among HIV-positive individuals was 33.7%, significantly correlating with reduced overall quality of life (β = -4.52; p<0.001). The social quality of life had the highest mean score of 14.24 (±3.45) while the environmental quality of life had the lowest mean score 11.89 (±2.68). Our study reveals a concerning prevalence of PTSD, affecting 1 in 3 individuals, emphasizing the pressing need for comprehensive mental health support within HIV care settings. We observed a significant negative impact of PTSD on overall quality of life, particularly in physical and social aspects. Integrating mental health screening into routine HIV care is crucial, using validated tools like the PSTD Checklist Civilian Version, alongside training for healthcare providers to recognize PTSD symptoms in the context of HIV diagnosis and treatment.

Qualitative study on stigma as a barrier to emergency contraceptive pill use among university students in the Lango subregion, Uganda

BMJ open, Feb 1, 2024

Qualitative study on stigma as a barrier to emergency contraceptive pill use among university stu... more

Access to family planning services and associated factors among young people in Lira city northern Uganda

BMC public health, Apr 24, 2024

A systematic review and meta-analysis of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa

PLOS Glob Public Health , 2024

Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where t... more Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare professionals. This study systematically estimated the prevalence of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review was conducted using keywords in PubMed, Science-Direct, Google Scholar, and grey literature, covering all literature published between 2012 and December 30, 2023. The search team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis of all included studies. The systematic review, reported following PRISMA guidelines, included 11 studies. The results show that the pooled overall prevalence of compassion fatigue in Sub-Saharan Africa was 70% (95% CI: 57-82, I 2 = 88.37%). The highest prevalence was found in Eastern Africa at 74% (95% CI: 55-93, I 2 = 94.40%), compared to 64% in Southern Africa (95% CI: 49-79, I 2 = 59.01%). Nurses reported the highest rates of compassion fatigue at 80% (95% CI: 57-100, I 2 = 34.77%), followed by general healthcare professionals at 59% (95% CI: 22-97, I 2 = 94.11%) and nursing students at 50% (95% CI: 35-64, I 2 = 0.00%). Before COVID-19, the overall prevalence of compassion fatigue was 66% (95% CI: 41-91, I 2 = 27%). During COVID-19, this increased to 74% (95% CI: 63-85, I 2 = 88.73%). Our results indicate that nearly 3 in 4 healthcare professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa experience compassion fatigue, and this prevalence increased due to the pandemic. The high prevalence underscores the importance of addressing and mitigating compassion fatigue to support the mental health and emotional well-being of healthcare professionals dedicated to helping others in challenging circumstances. Systematic registration: PROSPERO. REG No: CRD42023449462.

Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of a novel malaria vaccine among at-risk children in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol

Background The World Health Organization novel malaria vaccine for at-risk children has the poten... more Background The World Health Organization novel malaria vaccine for at-risk children has the potential to greatly reduce the current malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. However, most studies have reported contradictory findings regarding community willingness for the vaccine, which could easily undermine the expected benefits of the vaccine. This study aims to ascertain the current state of community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of a novel malaria vaccine (RTS,S/ASO1) among at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa, based on available evidence. Methods This study will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Relevant studies will be comprehensively searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and African journals online, in accordance with the Cochrane search guidelines. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts of eligible studies based on some specified eligibility criteria. When it is feasible to conduct a meta-analysis, a random effects model will be employed to estimate the common effect due to anticipated high heterogeneity of the data. The effect measure for readiness or acceptance will be reported as a pooled proportion with corresponding 95% confidence interval. Additionally, odds ratios with 95% confidence interval will be estimated to assess factors associated with readiness. These will be presented on a forest plot. Dissemination plans The findings of the study will be peer-reviewed and published in a scientific journal. Conference presentations will also be made to the different stakeholders in the malaria vaccination campaigns. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023480528.

The Lived Experiences of Individuals and Coping Strategies in the Context of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study Within Higher Education Setting in Uganda

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnosti... more Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), poses significant threats to physical, social, and mental well-being. This study aims to delve into the experiences of individuals grappling with IGD. Methods and Materials: The study employed an interpretive phenomenology, conducting interviews with 10 graduate students at Makerere University. Participants were purposefully sampled until data saturation was achieved during interviews, which took place between May and July 2023. An interview guide facilitated data collection (Supplementary File 1), and thematic analysis was manually applied for data interpretation, utilizing intuition and imaginative approaches. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of participants started gaming during childhood, starting with offline games. Exposure to gadgets and games, idle time, and stress emerged as key triggers for IGD. Participants reported experiencing sleep deficits, deteriorating interpersonal relationships, declining job performance, unhealthy eating habits, academic challenges, and wastage of money and time. The study also identified strategies employed by participants to mitigate their gaming behaviors, such as refraining from purchasing data, seeking support from friends, and uninstalling the game app, although relapses were common. Conclusion: The study highlights a global pattern of early initiation into gaming, emphasizing the need for early intervention and preventive measures. Factors such as easy accessibility and affordability of gaming platforms, idleness, and stress play significant roles in motivating internet gaming, contributing to a higher prevalence among the studied population. The research underscores the adverse effects of IGD on students, affecting academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and job performance. Notably, participants demonstrate agency in addressing IGD through practical coping strategies, including controlling data access, seeking social support, and uninstalling games. These coping mechanisms provide valuable insights into the complex nature of addressing IGD and form a basis for developing targeted interventions and support systems within the higher education setting in Uganda.

Knowledge, Perception, and Practice of Safe Medical Circumcision on HIV Infection Risk Reduction among Undergraduate Students of a Public University in Northern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background. About 70% (25.6 million) of the global HIV/AIDS burden is from Sub-Saharan Africa. Sa... more Background. About 70% (25.6 million) of the global HIV/AIDS burden is from Sub-Saharan Africa. Safe male circumcision (SMC) is one of the measures that were adopted by the Ugandan government aimed at reducing the risk of HIV infection contraction, as recommended by the WHO. Its main goal was to maximize HIV prevention impact with voluntary medical circumcision services to all adult men and adolescent boys. The objective of our study was to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of safe medical circumcision on HIV infection risk reduction among undergraduate students of a public university in Northern Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 556 randomly selected Lira University undergraduate students from March 2023 to June 2023. With the use of a self-administered questionnaire, we collected data on the knowledge and perceptions of undergraduate students towards safe medical circumcision. Data were exported to Stata® 17 statistical software. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate regression analyses were done at a statistical level of significance P value < 0.05. Results. Our 556 study participants had an age range of 21-25 years. The majority (81.29%) of the respondents knew that safe medical circumcision reduces the risk of acquiring HIV. However, the perception is that close to 3 in 4 (74.46%) of the students were unsure if they would opt for safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure against HIV. The practice of safe medical circumcision was 64.8% among the study participants. Conclusions. More than three in four of the undergraduate students have knowledge on safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure for HIV infection. And close to 3 in 4 (74.46%) of the student's perception were unsure if they would opt for safe medical circumcision as risk reduction measure against HIV. The practice of safe medical circumcision was 64.8% among the study participants. Therefore, in an effort to increase SMC's adoption for HIV/AIDS prevention, the Ministry of Health of Uganda and related stakeholders in health should work hand in hand with university study bodies in order to optimize SMC uptake among university students.

Qualitative study on stigma as a barrier to emergency contraceptive pill use among university students in the Lango subregion, Uganda

by Amir Kabunga and Amir Kabunga

Qualitative study on stigma as a barrier to emergency contraceptive pill use among university stu... more

An Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Quality of Life Among Adults Living with HIV in Western Uganda

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infec... more Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infected individuals. Living with HIV involves complex mental health dynamics, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being a prevalent challenge. This study aims to examine the correlation between PTSD and quality of life among HIV-positive individuals in western Uganda. Material and Methods: Conducted between May and July 2023, this facility-based cross-sectional study surveyed 439 participants from four HIV clinics in southwestern Uganda. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression (p<0.05). Results: Respondents had a mean age of 40.6 years, with 68.3% female, 54.9% married, and 55.1% lacking formal education. The reported PTSD prevalence among HIV-positive individuals was 33.7%, significantly correlating with reduced overall quality of life (β = −4.52; p<0.001). The social quality of life had the highest mean score of 14.24 (±3.45) while the environmental quality of life had the lowest mean score 11.89 (±2.68). Conclusion: Our study reveals a concerning prevalence of PTSD, affecting 1 in 3 individuals, emphasizing the pressing need for comprehensive mental health support within HIV care settings. We observed a significant negative impact of PTSD on overall quality of life, particularly in physical and social aspects. Integrating mental health screening into routine HIV care is crucial, using validated tools like the PSTD Checklist Civilian Version, alongside training for healthcare providers to recognize PTSD symptoms in the context of HIV diagnosis and treatment.

Uptake and Associated Factors of Male Contraceptive Method Use: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Uganda

Open access journal of contraception, Jul 1, 2023

Background: Uganda has one of the highest fertility rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Improving ... more Background: Uganda has one of the highest fertility rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Improving contraceptive uptake in all genders, including males, may be critical to meeting family planning goals in such a setting. Yet, data on male contraception uptake and associated factors in SSA, including Uganda, are limited. We determined the uptake and associated factors of male contraception use in Lira City, Northern Uganda. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study from November 12, 2022, to December 12, 2022, among men aged ≥18 years. We used multi-stage sampling to select participants from 12 cells of Lira City divisions of East and West. Data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. We defined uptake in males who had used any contraceptive method, including periodic abstinence, withdrawal, condoms, and vasectomy in the previous four weeks. We performed modified Poisson regression to identify associated factors of male contraception uptake. Results: We recruited 401 participants with mean age of 30.4 (±9.3) years. Male contraceptive uptake was 46.4%, 95% CI: 41.5-51.3%. Ever heard about male contraception (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] =1.73, 95% CI: 1.172-2.539, p=0.006), willingness to use novel methods (aPR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.337-6.293, p=0.007), both partners being responsible for contraception (aPR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.113-2.119, p=0.009) were the factors associated with male contraception uptake. Conclusion: We found that nearly half of the men surveyed had used male contraceptive methods in Lira City. Factors associated with the uptake of male contraception included having heard about male contraception, joint couple decision regarding contraception, and the use of novel methods of male contraception. We recommend comprehensive education and awareness campaigns to promote male contraception, with a particular emphasis on encouraging shared decision-making within couples and introducing innovative contraceptive options.

Frontline nurses' compassion fatigue and associated predictive factors during the second wave of <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 in Kampala, Uganda

Nursing open, May 28, 2022

AimThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated contextual factors of compassion fati... more AimThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated contextual factors of compassion fatigue in nurses in Kampala.DesignThis study employed a cross‐sectional study design.MethodsParticipants included 395 nurses. They provided details about their demographic information. Stamm's Professional Quality of Life V‐5 was used to assess the levels of compassion fatigue. Statistical analysis included Pearson's chi‐square and Fischer's exact test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p‐value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the total 395 participants, 58.23% (N = 230) were female, 39.76% had a diploma, 47.09% were single, 43.54% had worked for 11–15 years, 54.94% had an exposure to COVID‐19 cases and 43.54% worked for more than 10 hr a day. 49.11% had high levels of compassion fatigue. The predictors of compassion fatigue were working experience (p‐value = <.001), exposure to COVID‐19 (p‐value = <.019), long working hours (p‐value = .003) and remuneration (p‐value = <.001).

Factors Influencing the Status of Adherence to Second Clinic Visit Among Clients Newly Diagnosed with HIV in Northern Uganda: A Mixed-Methods Study

HIV/AIDS : Research and Palliative Care, Apr 1, 2023

Background: The "test-and-treat" policy may adversely affect adherence to clinic visits of client... more Background: The "test-and-treat" policy may adversely affect adherence to clinic visits of clients newly diagnosed with HIV due to unpreparedness to commence treatment. However, few studies have examined the factors influencing the status of adherence to second clinic visit among clients newly diagnosed with HIV. We examined the factors influencing the status of adherence to second clinic visit among clients newly diagnosed with HIV in Apac District, northern Uganda. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study conducted among 292 systematically sampled clients newly diagnosed with HIV for the survey and 15 purposively sampled clients for the in-depth interview from July to August 2020. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire, while qualitative data were collected using an interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: The mean age of the study participants were 39.5±11 years and their age ranged from 18 to 72 years. Close to three-quarters of study participants adhered to their second clinic visit 74% (214/292). Factors that influenced participants' adherence to the second clinic visit were the adequate HIV pre/post-test counseling positive attitude of clients towards HIV-positive diagnosis, family support, and long waiting time. Conclusion: More than two-thirds of clients newly diagnosed with HIV in Apac District, northern Uganda adhered to their second clinic visit. HIV/AIDS service providers should strengthen HIV pre/post-test counselling, social support systems for persons living with HIV/AIDS, and reduce clients' waiting time to improve adherence to second clinic visit among clients newly diagnosed with HIV.

Barriers to Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Uptake to Prevent HIV Transmission: A Qualitative Study among Married Men

International journal of academic research in business & social sciences, Apr 6, 2023

Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a relatively new intervention that has ... more Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a relatively new intervention that has been found to reduce sexual transmission of HIV among heterosexual partners by 60% when properly practiced. However, the poor acceptance of VMMC makes it difficult to accomplish the objectives of health policy to boost uptake. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers to VMMC Uptake among married men in Kitgum municipality. Methods: The qualitative descriptive design was employed in this study. The purposive sampling method was used to recruit 30 married men who lived within any of the three divisions of the municipality and had been married for at least one year. Data collection was done using an in-depth interview method. Inductive content analysis was used to generate the themes and categories. Results: The study findings revealed that fear, financial uncertainty, involvement of female health workers, cultural beliefs, religious belief, sexual dissatisfaction and advanced age were barriers to voluntary medical male circumcision uptake among the married men in Kitgum municipality. Conclusion: In Kitgum municipality, VMMC Uptake is still low, but the majority of the males had sufficient knowledge about it. We found the low uptake was primarily attributed to anxiety, involvement of female health workers, financial instability, sexual unhappiness, and advanced age. There is a need for proper re-packaging of the health education messages during mobilisations to address the anticipated side effects and to clearly state the reasons for the VMMC program. There is a need for proper re-packaging of the health education messages during mobilisations to address the communication gaps and to clearly state the reasons for VMMC program. Adequate psychological preparation of the men to expect any sex of staffs working in these clinics.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among Out-Of-School Adolescents in Ayere Village, Northern Uganda

International journal of academic research in progressive education and development, Mar 13, 2021

Globally mental health conditions account for 16% of the global burden of disease to adolescents ... more Globally mental health conditions account for 16% of the global burden of disease to adolescents aged 10-19 years with depression ranking as one of the leading causes of illness and disability among this age group and the burden of depression is higher in low and middle-income countries. However, little is known about how these conditions predispose to out-of-school adolescent depression. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with depression among out-of-school adolescents in Ayere village, northern Uganda. The study employed a crosssectional survey carried out in November 2020 in which 164 out-of-school adolescents in Ayere village, northern Uganda were randomly selected to participate in the study. The study revealed that 34% had major depressive disorders with the majority (66%) reporting no major depressive disorders. The socio-demographics associated with depressive disorder were age, marital status, support from friends and family members, and childbearing. The prevalence of the major depressive disorder among out-of school adolescents is substantially high and was associated with orphanhood, staying with a single parent, low support, and marital status. Results from our study underscore the importance of social support concerning major depressive disorders among out-of-school adolescents.

Prevalence of and institutional factors associated with depression among undergraduate students at Gulu University

Insights on the depression and anxiety, Mar 11, 2022

Depression is one of the major global disease burdens affecting young adults aged between 18 and ... more Depression is one of the major global disease burdens affecting young adults aged between 18 and 25 years [1]. Studies show that depression is of the top mental health issues affecting undergraduate students and the rate of depression among this very group continues to rise [2]. University students are a special group of the society largely affected by depression [3]. Studies across the globe indicate

Landslide disasters in eastern Uganda: post-traumatic stress disorder and its correlates among survivors in Bududa district

BMC Psychology, Dec 5, 2022

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is the commonly reported psychiatric morbidity among t... more Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is the commonly reported psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of natural disasters. However, its prevalence particularly in Bududa, Eastern Uganda is largely unknown. Aims and objectives: To assess the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder among Bududa landslide survivors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 587 participants. The study setting was the Bududa district, with a multistage sampling method. Pre-tested, administered interviewer PTSD Checklist-civilian version was used as screening tools between 4th and April 29th 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive and binary logistic approaches at a 5% level of significance. Results: Of the study participants, 276 (46.8%) had PTSD symptoms. Among the respondents, 250 (42.6%) were in the age range of 40 and above, 396 (67.3%) were female, 284 (48.4%) had no formal education, and 333 (56.7%) were married. Results showed that male gender (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI 0.31-0.73; p = 0.001), widowhood (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.21-0.94; p = 0.034), lack of counseling (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.21-0.94; p = 0.001), and duration since the landslide (AOR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.23-0.52; p = 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of screening for PTSD in landslide survivors. Conclusion: Landslides pose significant effects on the mental health of survivors. In the present study, the extent of PTSD among survivors is substantially high. male gender,, widowhood, lack of counselling, low social support, and duration since the landslide were significantly associated with PTSD. Effective screening and awareness programs among survivors should be strengthened for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of landslides.