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Zhanping You

Michigan Technological University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Member

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Dr. Zhanping You received his Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2003. He is a Professor in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Michigan Technological University since 2008. He served as an Associate and Assistant Professor at Michigan Technological University and as an Assistant Professor at Texas A&M University – Kingsville. He has held a Professional Engineering license since 2005.

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Papers by Zhanping You

Advances and Innovations in Pavement Technologies and Geomechanics

International Journal of Geomechanics

Anti-Skid Characteristics of Asphalt Pavement Based on Partial Tire Aquaplane Conditions

Materials

This study presented a finite element model of radial tire–asphalt pavement interaction using ABA... more This study presented a finite element model of radial tire–asphalt pavement interaction using ABAQUS 6.14 software to investigate the skid resistance properties of asphalt pavement under partial tire aquaplane conditions. Firstly, the pavement profile datum acquired by laser scanning were imported to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software to conduct the pavement modeling. Secondly, a steady state rolling analysis of a tire on three types of asphalt pavements under drying conditions was carried out. Variation laws of the friction coefficient of the radial tire on different pavements with different pavement textures, tire pressures, and loads on the tire were examined. Subsequently, calculation results of the steady state rolling analysis were transmitted to dynamic explicit analysis, and an aquaplane model of a radial tire on asphalt pavements was built by inputting the flow Euler grids. The tire–pavement adhesive characteristics under partial aquaplane conditions are discussed regar...

Design and Performance of Polyurethane Elastomers Composed with Different Soft Segments

Materials

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) are widely used in a variety of applications as a re... more Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) are widely used in a variety of applications as a result of flexible and superior performance. However, few scholars pay close attention on the design and synthesis of TPUs through the self-determined laboratory process, especially on definite of chemical structures and upon the influence on properties. To investigate the properties of synthesized modifier based on chemical structure, firstly each kind of unknown structure and composition ratio of TPUs was determined by using a new method. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics and mechanical properties of modifiers were exposed by thermal characteristics and mechanics performance tests. The experimental results indicate that TPUs for use as an asphalt modifier can successfully be synthesized with the aid of semi-prepolymer method. The linear backbone structure of TPUs with different hard segment contents were determined by micro test methods. The polyester-based TPUs had thermal behavi...

Teaching a Civil Engineering Materials Class

The objective of this study is to present the experience of teaching a Civil Engineering Material... more The objective of this study is to present the experience of teaching a Civil Engineering Materials Class. This course is designed for junior and senior undergraduate students. This class covers different materials such as steel, aluminum, various alloys, aggregate, portland cement, portland cement concrete, asphalt, asphalt mixtures, and wood. In the class lectures, the basic concept of asphalt specification, mechanical properties and test methods are discussed. The sustainability concept of the materials is also integrated in lectures. Homework is assigned to students so that they have the chance to bridge the concepts and practical problems. The most important parts of the class are the hands-on experiments in laboratory, and the sustainable material concepts in lectures. The relationship between students' homework, exams, labs, and total grade are compared. Three semesters' results are analyzed to improve the curriculum.

Session ENG 206-112 Update on the Discrete Element Method in Engineering Education

In this paper, the authors discussed some experiences to introduce a Discrete (or Distinct) Eleme... more In this paper, the authors discussed some experiences to introduce a Discrete (or Distinct) Element Method (DEM) to engineering graduate students. The authors of this paper were among the researchers who applied DEM in the asphalt mixture study; therefore a course of the application of DEM was designed and scheduled at Texas A&M University – Kingsville (TAMUK) in summers of 2004 and 2005. In addition, the authors applied the DEM in student research projects in TAMUK and Michigan Technological University. In the class education, the objectives were to teach students numerical analysis methods focusing on discrete element method. In order to introduce the advances of the DEM to the graduate curriculum, some materials such as soil, sand, and asphalt mixture materials were introduced to students to better understand the DEM. Students would also be able to use the image processing software (ImagePro Plus) in the advanced material study. This course also involved the virtual experiments c...

Advanced Pavement Materials for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

Modeling of the Asphalt Concrete to Compare Uniaxial, Hollow Cylindrical, and Indirect Tensile Test

International journal of pavement research and technology, 2014

The objective of this study is to develop a micromechanical based Discrete Element Model (DEM) to... more The objective of this study is to develop a micromechanical based Discrete Element Model (DEM) to simulate dynamic modulus of the asphalt concrete using Uniaxial Tensile (UT), Hollow Cylindrical Tensile (HCT), and Indirect Tensile (IDT) model. This research is used to compare DEM simulation of the UT, HCT, and IDT tests. The asphalt concrete mixture used was a 19 mm Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size (NMAS) with an asphalt content of 5.59% and air void level of 4.36% to develop UT, HCT, and IDT model. The dynamic moduli of the sand mastic and stiffness of aggregate were used as input parameters of the DEM to predict the dynamic moduli of the asphalt concrete through a virtual testing of UT, HCT, and IDT. The sand mastic had an NMAS of 1.18mm, which was used in a DEM. The three-dimensional (3D) internal microstructure of the asphalt concrete mixture (i.e., distribution of aggregate, mastic, and air voids) was obtained through the X-ray CT (Computed Tomography). From the 3D X-ray CT image...

The Effect of Waste Engine Oil and Waste Polyethylene on UV Aging Resistance of Asphalt

Polymers, 2020

Waste engine oil (WEO) and waste polyethylene (WPE) are two common wastes, which are easy to poll... more Waste engine oil (WEO) and waste polyethylene (WPE) are two common wastes, which are easy to pollute the environment. As the primary material in road construction, natural asphalt is a non-renewable energy source and asphalt is vulnerable to ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the service life. It results in degradation of asphalt pavement performance. In this paper, 2 wt % to 8 wt % of WEO and WPE were used to modify asphalts and the UV aging simulation experiment was carried out. The physical parameters of asphalts before the UV aging experiment show that the asphalt containing 4 wt % WPE and 6 wt % WEO mixture (4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO) has similar physical properties with that of the matrix asphalt. Besides, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) verifies that the molecular weight distribution of the asphalt containing 4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO is close to that of the matrix asphalt. The storage stability test shows that 4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO has good compatibility with the matrix asp...

Achievements and Prospects of Advanced Pavement Materials Technologies

Applied Sciences, 2020

Road transportation is a basic need for mobility and daily life [...]

The Influence of Biomass Masut and Emulsifier on Emulsified Bio-asphalt Performance

DEStech Transactions on Materials Science and Engineering, 2017

This study aims to explore and analyze the different influential factors in the process of prepar... more This study aims to explore and analyze the different influential factors in the process of preparing emulsified bio-asphalt. Colloid Mill was used in this experiment for the process of emulsification with a high speed rotation at 100 o C. The single factor analysis was adopted in this study to explore the influence of biomass masut and emulsifier on the performance of emulsified bio-asphalt. The experiment set the temperature of 10 o C, 45~ 50 o C and 60 o C , the content of the biomass masut is 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, the content of emulsifier is 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, two types of emulsifier named SY-type and MD-type were used in the experiment to compare with the properties of the base asphalt. The remaining amount of evaporation residue of emulsified bio-asphalt on sieve, the penetration, the softening point, the ductility at 10 o C, the viscosity at 60 o C, the standard viscosity and the storage stability after 5 days were tested as the indicators to evaluate the performance of the emulsified bio-asphalt. It was found from the experiment that the indicators have a regular curve with the increase of the content of the biomass masut and the emulsifier. The study shows that when the water-oil ratio is 55:45, the content of biomass masut is 15~20%, the content of emulsifier of SY-type is 3.5% and MD-type is 3.0%, the performance of emulsified bio-asphalt plays well, the content is recommended.

Advanced Pavement Technologies

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2018

Gray relational entropy analysis of high temperature performance of bio-asphalt binder and its mixture

International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2018

Most of the existing researches only focus on some performances of the bio-asphalt binders instea... more Most of the existing researches only focus on some performances of the bio-asphalt binders instead of the asphalt mixtures, and the relationship between the performance of bio-asphalt binder and the performance of the mixture has been rarely reported. To analyze the gray relational entropy of high temperature performance of bio-asphalt binder and mixture, the bio-asphalt modified by 1% SBS with the concentrations of 0% (50#), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by the weight of bio-asphalt binder, respectively, was used in this study. The performance indexes of bio-asphalt binder were tested through the conventional performance test and Superpave test of asphalt. The correlation between the performance indexes of the asphalt binder and the dynamic stability of the mixture was studied through the gray relational entropy method. The results showed that the high temperature performance of bio-asphalt had a certain degree of reduction before RTFO with the incorporation of bio-oil. The binder test parameters showed different changes in the law with the changes of biooil content. The dynamic stability of bio-asphalt mixtures decreased with an increase in bio-oil content. The RTFO aging had a great influence on the entropy correlation between the performance indexes of the bio-asphalt binders and the dynamic stability of the mixture. The non-recoverable creep compliance of bio-asphalt with low content (1%) of SBS modifier was weakly correlated with the dynamic stability of the mixture. The dynamic viscosity of bio-asphalt and the dynamic stability of the mixture exhibited the highest gray entropy correlation, which could be used as the key index of high-temperature performance evaluation of bio-asphalt.

Performance Test on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified Asphalt Based on the Different Evaluation Methods

Applied Sciences, 2019

To uniform the evaluation indicators of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, the SK7... more To uniform the evaluation indicators of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, the SK70# and SK90# matrix asphalt were modified by different SBS modifier dosage in this study. The test methods in China and Superpave were used to test the performance of each SBS-modified asphalt respectively, from which the appropriate evaluation index of SBS-modified asphalt was determined. The results showed that the addition of SBS modifier improved the high temperature performance and lowered the temperature sensitivity of asphalt binder, while it increased the viscosity of asphalt binder in high temperatures. Due to the variability that appeared in the results of the penetration test by the swelling of SBS-modified asphalt, the penetration test was not recommended to evaluate the performances of SBS-modified asphalt. The softening point of SBS-modified asphalt with the modifier dosages of 4.5%, 5%, 5.5% and 6% increased 5.7%, 12.8%, 22.5% and 26.4% respectively compared to the matrix ...

Fatigue Equation of Cement-Treated Aggregate Base Materials under a True Stress Ratio

Applied Sciences, 2018

The objective of this article is to establish a fatigue equation based on the true stress ratio f... more The objective of this article is to establish a fatigue equation based on the true stress ratio for cement-treated aggregate base materials. The true stress ratio herein means the ratio of the stress and the true strength of the cement-treated aggregate base materials related to loading rates and curing times. The unconfined compressive strength tests and compressive resilience modulus tests were carried out under various loading rates and curing times of 3, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90 days, respectively. According to the test results, the relationship between the unconfined compressive strength (a mix design parameter in China) and the compressive resilience modulus (a structural design parameter and the construction quality control parameter in China) of the cement-treated aggregate base material with different curing times was established. However, it was found that the strengths varied with the loading rates, which is not reflected in the existing fatigue equations. Therefore, it is questionable to obtain the stress ratio of fatigue tests with a fixed strength value obtained from the standard strength test where the loading rate is fixed (in China, the fixed loading rate is 1 mm/min for cement-treated aggregate base materials). Thus, in this paper, the four-point bending strength (i.e., flexural strength) test was carried out at different loading rates to resolve such deficiencies. Based on the strength test results at different loading rates, the true stress ratio of the fatigue test corresponding to the fatigue loading rate can be calculated. Then the four-point bending fatigue test was conducted to establish an improved fatigue equation characterized by the true stress ratio. The results show that the patterns of variation for unconfined compressive strength increasing with the curing time were similar to that of the compressive resilience modulus. The fatigue equation curve based on the true stress ratio can be extended to the strength failure point of (1, 1), where both the true stress ratio and the fatigue life value are one. The internal relationship between the strength failure and the fatigue failure was unified. This article provides a theoretical method and basis for unifying the mix design parameters and the construction quality control parameters.

A Combinational Prediction Model for Transverse Crack of Asphalt Pavement

KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2018

Reliable transverse crack prediction can benefit the design and maintenance and improve the relia... more Reliable transverse crack prediction can benefit the design and maintenance and improve the reliability of field investigation for asphalt pavement in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. This study adopted the crack prediction model in the newly developed pavement design method named Pavement ME Design (PMED) and the modified grey predictive model (GM (1, 1)) to predict the transverse crack of asphalt pavement in permafrost regions. The complementary advantages for the two models based on the weight distribution theory were discussed, and a combined prediction model (PME-DGM combination model) taking account into region characteristics was developed. Finally, the applicability of combined prediction model was analyzed. The result showed that, the predictive accuracy of PME-DGM combination model established by the error sum of squares reciprocal method was the highest, the best weight allocations for each sub-model were L N C H = 0.601 and L D G M = 0.399, and the combination model can be applied in the permafrost region involved in this paper; The combination model is more appropriate in predicting the development trend of transverse crack of project-level asphalt pavement in permafrost regions; For PMED predictive model, this study raised a modified method base on a third-party model (DGM (1,1), and the result showed that the method worked well in the permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

Dynamic Response Analysis of Rutting Resistance Performance of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Applied Sciences, 2018

In order to systematically study the rutting resistance performance of High-Modulus Asphalt Concr... more In order to systematically study the rutting resistance performance of High-Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) pavements, a finite element method model of HMAC pavement was established using ABAQUS software. Based on the viscoelasticity theory of asphalt, the stress and deformation distribution characteristics of HMAC pavement were studied and compared to conventional asphalt pavement under moving loads. Then, the pavement temperature field model was established to study the temperature variation and the thermal stress in HMAC pavement. Finally, under the condition of continuous temperature variation, the creep behavior and permanent deformation of HMAC pavement were investigated. The results showed that under the action of moving loads, the strain and displacement generated in HMAC pavement were lower than those in conventional asphalt pavement. The upper surface layer was most obviously affected by outside air temperature, resulting in maximum thermal stress. Lastly, under the condit...

Rutting Prediction based on Decay Model on the Pavement-ME and Matter Element Analysis for Asphalt Pavement

DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research, 2017

In China, the lack of comprehensive investigative on data on pavement performance within the desi... more In China, the lack of comprehensive investigative on data on pavement performance within the design life of pavement hinders research on the changes in the performance of asphalt pavement. The combination of the Pavement-ME system (PME) and matter element analysis (MEA) can be advantageous in addressing the problem of traditional methods that yield inadequate data. Measured data for the rutting of a road section in the Shaanxi province was employed as the validation data in this study. The input parameter for PME was localized, and a decay model based on the predicted results of PME was established by the MEA method. The results indicate that the predicted results of rutting using PME show a "lagging" characteristic when compared with the measured data. Some optimization measures are employed to process the predicted results of PME and achieve a better fitting effect with the measured data. The predicted data for rutting can serve as essential data of the MEA method to study the decay tendency of the rutting of asphalt pavement in design life. A case study reveals that the rutting resistance of asphalt pavement will deteriorate from excellent to good, good to medium, medium to inferior, and inferior to bad in 13.8 months, 32.5 months, 43.8 months, and 55.2 months, respectively. The combination of PME and MEA is appropriate to evaluate rutting potential in project level pavements. A follow-up study can be carried out on the developing trend of the pavement damage, so as to better determine the maintenance time for the selected road section.

Analysis of Preparation and Properties on Shape Memory Hydrogenated Epoxy Resin Used for Asphalt Mixtures

Applied Sciences, 2017

The objective of this investigation is to prepare the shape memory hydrogenated epoxy resin used ... more The objective of this investigation is to prepare the shape memory hydrogenated epoxy resin used for asphalt mixtures (SM-HEP-AM) and study its properties. The shape memory hydrogenated epoxy resin (SM-HEP) is prepared using hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resin (AL-3040), polypropylene glycol diglycidylether diacrylate (JH-230), and isophorone diamine (IPDA). The formulations of the SM-HEP-AM are obtained by the linearly fitted method. The thermo-mechanical property, molecular structure, and shape-memory performance of the SM-HEP-AM are studied. The glass-transition temperature (T g) is determined using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results proved that the T g level increased when the JH-230 content decreased. The thermo-mechanical property of the SM-HEP-AM is measured by dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). The storage modulus of the SM-HEP-AM decreased with the increase in the JH-230 content. The above phenomena are attributed to the change in the JH-230 content. The shape memory performance results of the SM-HEP-AM indicate that specimen deformation can completely recover after only several minutes at T g + 10 • C and T g + 20 • C. The shape recovery time of the SM-HEP-AM increases with increased JH-230 content, and the change between the shape recovery time and JH-230 content gradually decreased as the temperature increased. The deformation recovery performance of asphalt mixture with and without the SM-HEP-AM (T g = 40 • C) was tested by the deformation recovery test. This was used to prove that the SM-HEP-AM helps to improve the deformation recovery performance of the asphalt mixture.

Ethanol based foamed asphalt as potential alternative for low emission asphalt technology

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 2016

Foamed asphalt typically relies on water as a foaming agent because water becomes gaseous at elev... more Foamed asphalt typically relies on water as a foaming agent because water becomes gaseous at elevated temperatures, generating numerous tiny bubbles in the asphalt and causing spontaneous foaming. In this study, ethanol was used as a potential alternative to water as a foaming agent. Ethanol is expected to be a physical blowing agent in the same manner as water, except it requires less energy to foam due to its 78 C boiling point. This study compares the performance of water and ethanol as foaming agents through the measurements of rotational viscosity, the reduction in temperature during foaming, and volatile loss. The ethanol-foamed asphalt binders were prepared at 80 C and 100 C, while the water-foamed asphalt binders were prepared at 100 C and 120 C. Additionally, the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) was used to generate short-term aging of the foamed asphalt binders. A rotational viscometer was used to determine the viscosity of the asphalt binders at 80 C, 100 C, 120 C, 140 C, and 160 C. Overall, ethanol can function in the same manner as water but requires less energy to foam. It is proven based on the smaller drop in temperature of the asphalt binder foamed using ethanol compared with that prepared with water. This is due to the lower latent heat capacity of ethanol, which requires less energy to vaporize compared with water. Through the rotational viscometer test, ethanol performs better in lowering the viscosity of asphalt binders, which is essential in allowing production processes at low temperatures, as well as a better workability and aggregate coating.

Effect of short-term ageing temperature on bitumen properties

Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2017

Properties of asphalt mixtures after ageing are fundamental parameters in determining longterm pe... more Properties of asphalt mixtures after ageing are fundamental parameters in determining longterm performance (e.g. durability) of these materials. With increasing popularity of reduced temperature mixtures, such as warm-mix asphalt, WMA, the question remains how a reduction in short-term ageing affects the properties after long-term ageing of bituminous materials. This paper aims to improve our understanding of the effect of asphalt manufacturing temperature on ageing and the resulting mechanical properties of bituminous binder by studying the effect of short-and long-term ageing of different bitumen samples as a function of short-term ageing temperatures. For this purpose, round robin experiments were conducted within the RILEM technical committee (TC) 252 chemo-mechanical characterisation of bituminous materials by 10 laboratories from 5 countries using four binders of the same grade (70/100 pen) from different crude sources. The short-term ageing was carried out using the standard procedure for rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT), but varying the temperatures. Long-term ageing was carried out using the standard procedure for pressure aging vessel (PAV) in addition to RTFOT. For the mechanical characterisation, rheological data were determined by using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and conventional tests, with needle penetration and softening point using the ring and ball method. The results show that although different short-term ageing temperatures showed a significant difference in the mechanical properties of the binders, these differences vanished after long-term ageing with PAV.

Advances and Innovations in Pavement Technologies and Geomechanics

International Journal of Geomechanics

Anti-Skid Characteristics of Asphalt Pavement Based on Partial Tire Aquaplane Conditions

Materials

This study presented a finite element model of radial tire–asphalt pavement interaction using ABA... more This study presented a finite element model of radial tire–asphalt pavement interaction using ABAQUS 6.14 software to investigate the skid resistance properties of asphalt pavement under partial tire aquaplane conditions. Firstly, the pavement profile datum acquired by laser scanning were imported to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software to conduct the pavement modeling. Secondly, a steady state rolling analysis of a tire on three types of asphalt pavements under drying conditions was carried out. Variation laws of the friction coefficient of the radial tire on different pavements with different pavement textures, tire pressures, and loads on the tire were examined. Subsequently, calculation results of the steady state rolling analysis were transmitted to dynamic explicit analysis, and an aquaplane model of a radial tire on asphalt pavements was built by inputting the flow Euler grids. The tire–pavement adhesive characteristics under partial aquaplane conditions are discussed regar...

Design and Performance of Polyurethane Elastomers Composed with Different Soft Segments

Materials

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) are widely used in a variety of applications as a re... more Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) are widely used in a variety of applications as a result of flexible and superior performance. However, few scholars pay close attention on the design and synthesis of TPUs through the self-determined laboratory process, especially on definite of chemical structures and upon the influence on properties. To investigate the properties of synthesized modifier based on chemical structure, firstly each kind of unknown structure and composition ratio of TPUs was determined by using a new method. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics and mechanical properties of modifiers were exposed by thermal characteristics and mechanics performance tests. The experimental results indicate that TPUs for use as an asphalt modifier can successfully be synthesized with the aid of semi-prepolymer method. The linear backbone structure of TPUs with different hard segment contents were determined by micro test methods. The polyester-based TPUs had thermal behavi...

Teaching a Civil Engineering Materials Class

The objective of this study is to present the experience of teaching a Civil Engineering Material... more The objective of this study is to present the experience of teaching a Civil Engineering Materials Class. This course is designed for junior and senior undergraduate students. This class covers different materials such as steel, aluminum, various alloys, aggregate, portland cement, portland cement concrete, asphalt, asphalt mixtures, and wood. In the class lectures, the basic concept of asphalt specification, mechanical properties and test methods are discussed. The sustainability concept of the materials is also integrated in lectures. Homework is assigned to students so that they have the chance to bridge the concepts and practical problems. The most important parts of the class are the hands-on experiments in laboratory, and the sustainable material concepts in lectures. The relationship between students' homework, exams, labs, and total grade are compared. Three semesters' results are analyzed to improve the curriculum.

Session ENG 206-112 Update on the Discrete Element Method in Engineering Education

In this paper, the authors discussed some experiences to introduce a Discrete (or Distinct) Eleme... more In this paper, the authors discussed some experiences to introduce a Discrete (or Distinct) Element Method (DEM) to engineering graduate students. The authors of this paper were among the researchers who applied DEM in the asphalt mixture study; therefore a course of the application of DEM was designed and scheduled at Texas A&M University – Kingsville (TAMUK) in summers of 2004 and 2005. In addition, the authors applied the DEM in student research projects in TAMUK and Michigan Technological University. In the class education, the objectives were to teach students numerical analysis methods focusing on discrete element method. In order to introduce the advances of the DEM to the graduate curriculum, some materials such as soil, sand, and asphalt mixture materials were introduced to students to better understand the DEM. Students would also be able to use the image processing software (ImagePro Plus) in the advanced material study. This course also involved the virtual experiments c...

Advanced Pavement Materials for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

Modeling of the Asphalt Concrete to Compare Uniaxial, Hollow Cylindrical, and Indirect Tensile Test

International journal of pavement research and technology, 2014

The objective of this study is to develop a micromechanical based Discrete Element Model (DEM) to... more The objective of this study is to develop a micromechanical based Discrete Element Model (DEM) to simulate dynamic modulus of the asphalt concrete using Uniaxial Tensile (UT), Hollow Cylindrical Tensile (HCT), and Indirect Tensile (IDT) model. This research is used to compare DEM simulation of the UT, HCT, and IDT tests. The asphalt concrete mixture used was a 19 mm Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size (NMAS) with an asphalt content of 5.59% and air void level of 4.36% to develop UT, HCT, and IDT model. The dynamic moduli of the sand mastic and stiffness of aggregate were used as input parameters of the DEM to predict the dynamic moduli of the asphalt concrete through a virtual testing of UT, HCT, and IDT. The sand mastic had an NMAS of 1.18mm, which was used in a DEM. The three-dimensional (3D) internal microstructure of the asphalt concrete mixture (i.e., distribution of aggregate, mastic, and air voids) was obtained through the X-ray CT (Computed Tomography). From the 3D X-ray CT image...

The Effect of Waste Engine Oil and Waste Polyethylene on UV Aging Resistance of Asphalt

Polymers, 2020

Waste engine oil (WEO) and waste polyethylene (WPE) are two common wastes, which are easy to poll... more Waste engine oil (WEO) and waste polyethylene (WPE) are two common wastes, which are easy to pollute the environment. As the primary material in road construction, natural asphalt is a non-renewable energy source and asphalt is vulnerable to ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the service life. It results in degradation of asphalt pavement performance. In this paper, 2 wt % to 8 wt % of WEO and WPE were used to modify asphalts and the UV aging simulation experiment was carried out. The physical parameters of asphalts before the UV aging experiment show that the asphalt containing 4 wt % WPE and 6 wt % WEO mixture (4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO) has similar physical properties with that of the matrix asphalt. Besides, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) verifies that the molecular weight distribution of the asphalt containing 4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO is close to that of the matrix asphalt. The storage stability test shows that 4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO has good compatibility with the matrix asp...

Achievements and Prospects of Advanced Pavement Materials Technologies

Applied Sciences, 2020

Road transportation is a basic need for mobility and daily life [...]

The Influence of Biomass Masut and Emulsifier on Emulsified Bio-asphalt Performance

DEStech Transactions on Materials Science and Engineering, 2017

This study aims to explore and analyze the different influential factors in the process of prepar... more This study aims to explore and analyze the different influential factors in the process of preparing emulsified bio-asphalt. Colloid Mill was used in this experiment for the process of emulsification with a high speed rotation at 100 o C. The single factor analysis was adopted in this study to explore the influence of biomass masut and emulsifier on the performance of emulsified bio-asphalt. The experiment set the temperature of 10 o C, 45~ 50 o C and 60 o C , the content of the biomass masut is 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, the content of emulsifier is 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, two types of emulsifier named SY-type and MD-type were used in the experiment to compare with the properties of the base asphalt. The remaining amount of evaporation residue of emulsified bio-asphalt on sieve, the penetration, the softening point, the ductility at 10 o C, the viscosity at 60 o C, the standard viscosity and the storage stability after 5 days were tested as the indicators to evaluate the performance of the emulsified bio-asphalt. It was found from the experiment that the indicators have a regular curve with the increase of the content of the biomass masut and the emulsifier. The study shows that when the water-oil ratio is 55:45, the content of biomass masut is 15~20%, the content of emulsifier of SY-type is 3.5% and MD-type is 3.0%, the performance of emulsified bio-asphalt plays well, the content is recommended.

Advanced Pavement Technologies

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2018

Gray relational entropy analysis of high temperature performance of bio-asphalt binder and its mixture

International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2018

Most of the existing researches only focus on some performances of the bio-asphalt binders instea... more Most of the existing researches only focus on some performances of the bio-asphalt binders instead of the asphalt mixtures, and the relationship between the performance of bio-asphalt binder and the performance of the mixture has been rarely reported. To analyze the gray relational entropy of high temperature performance of bio-asphalt binder and mixture, the bio-asphalt modified by 1% SBS with the concentrations of 0% (50#), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by the weight of bio-asphalt binder, respectively, was used in this study. The performance indexes of bio-asphalt binder were tested through the conventional performance test and Superpave test of asphalt. The correlation between the performance indexes of the asphalt binder and the dynamic stability of the mixture was studied through the gray relational entropy method. The results showed that the high temperature performance of bio-asphalt had a certain degree of reduction before RTFO with the incorporation of bio-oil. The binder test parameters showed different changes in the law with the changes of biooil content. The dynamic stability of bio-asphalt mixtures decreased with an increase in bio-oil content. The RTFO aging had a great influence on the entropy correlation between the performance indexes of the bio-asphalt binders and the dynamic stability of the mixture. The non-recoverable creep compliance of bio-asphalt with low content (1%) of SBS modifier was weakly correlated with the dynamic stability of the mixture. The dynamic viscosity of bio-asphalt and the dynamic stability of the mixture exhibited the highest gray entropy correlation, which could be used as the key index of high-temperature performance evaluation of bio-asphalt.

Performance Test on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified Asphalt Based on the Different Evaluation Methods

Applied Sciences, 2019

To uniform the evaluation indicators of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, the SK7... more To uniform the evaluation indicators of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, the SK70# and SK90# matrix asphalt were modified by different SBS modifier dosage in this study. The test methods in China and Superpave were used to test the performance of each SBS-modified asphalt respectively, from which the appropriate evaluation index of SBS-modified asphalt was determined. The results showed that the addition of SBS modifier improved the high temperature performance and lowered the temperature sensitivity of asphalt binder, while it increased the viscosity of asphalt binder in high temperatures. Due to the variability that appeared in the results of the penetration test by the swelling of SBS-modified asphalt, the penetration test was not recommended to evaluate the performances of SBS-modified asphalt. The softening point of SBS-modified asphalt with the modifier dosages of 4.5%, 5%, 5.5% and 6% increased 5.7%, 12.8%, 22.5% and 26.4% respectively compared to the matrix ...

Fatigue Equation of Cement-Treated Aggregate Base Materials under a True Stress Ratio

Applied Sciences, 2018

The objective of this article is to establish a fatigue equation based on the true stress ratio f... more The objective of this article is to establish a fatigue equation based on the true stress ratio for cement-treated aggregate base materials. The true stress ratio herein means the ratio of the stress and the true strength of the cement-treated aggregate base materials related to loading rates and curing times. The unconfined compressive strength tests and compressive resilience modulus tests were carried out under various loading rates and curing times of 3, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90 days, respectively. According to the test results, the relationship between the unconfined compressive strength (a mix design parameter in China) and the compressive resilience modulus (a structural design parameter and the construction quality control parameter in China) of the cement-treated aggregate base material with different curing times was established. However, it was found that the strengths varied with the loading rates, which is not reflected in the existing fatigue equations. Therefore, it is questionable to obtain the stress ratio of fatigue tests with a fixed strength value obtained from the standard strength test where the loading rate is fixed (in China, the fixed loading rate is 1 mm/min for cement-treated aggregate base materials). Thus, in this paper, the four-point bending strength (i.e., flexural strength) test was carried out at different loading rates to resolve such deficiencies. Based on the strength test results at different loading rates, the true stress ratio of the fatigue test corresponding to the fatigue loading rate can be calculated. Then the four-point bending fatigue test was conducted to establish an improved fatigue equation characterized by the true stress ratio. The results show that the patterns of variation for unconfined compressive strength increasing with the curing time were similar to that of the compressive resilience modulus. The fatigue equation curve based on the true stress ratio can be extended to the strength failure point of (1, 1), where both the true stress ratio and the fatigue life value are one. The internal relationship between the strength failure and the fatigue failure was unified. This article provides a theoretical method and basis for unifying the mix design parameters and the construction quality control parameters.

A Combinational Prediction Model for Transverse Crack of Asphalt Pavement

KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2018

Reliable transverse crack prediction can benefit the design and maintenance and improve the relia... more Reliable transverse crack prediction can benefit the design and maintenance and improve the reliability of field investigation for asphalt pavement in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. This study adopted the crack prediction model in the newly developed pavement design method named Pavement ME Design (PMED) and the modified grey predictive model (GM (1, 1)) to predict the transverse crack of asphalt pavement in permafrost regions. The complementary advantages for the two models based on the weight distribution theory were discussed, and a combined prediction model (PME-DGM combination model) taking account into region characteristics was developed. Finally, the applicability of combined prediction model was analyzed. The result showed that, the predictive accuracy of PME-DGM combination model established by the error sum of squares reciprocal method was the highest, the best weight allocations for each sub-model were L N C H = 0.601 and L D G M = 0.399, and the combination model can be applied in the permafrost region involved in this paper; The combination model is more appropriate in predicting the development trend of transverse crack of project-level asphalt pavement in permafrost regions; For PMED predictive model, this study raised a modified method base on a third-party model (DGM (1,1), and the result showed that the method worked well in the permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

Dynamic Response Analysis of Rutting Resistance Performance of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Applied Sciences, 2018

In order to systematically study the rutting resistance performance of High-Modulus Asphalt Concr... more In order to systematically study the rutting resistance performance of High-Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) pavements, a finite element method model of HMAC pavement was established using ABAQUS software. Based on the viscoelasticity theory of asphalt, the stress and deformation distribution characteristics of HMAC pavement were studied and compared to conventional asphalt pavement under moving loads. Then, the pavement temperature field model was established to study the temperature variation and the thermal stress in HMAC pavement. Finally, under the condition of continuous temperature variation, the creep behavior and permanent deformation of HMAC pavement were investigated. The results showed that under the action of moving loads, the strain and displacement generated in HMAC pavement were lower than those in conventional asphalt pavement. The upper surface layer was most obviously affected by outside air temperature, resulting in maximum thermal stress. Lastly, under the condit...

Rutting Prediction based on Decay Model on the Pavement-ME and Matter Element Analysis for Asphalt Pavement

DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research, 2017

In China, the lack of comprehensive investigative on data on pavement performance within the desi... more In China, the lack of comprehensive investigative on data on pavement performance within the design life of pavement hinders research on the changes in the performance of asphalt pavement. The combination of the Pavement-ME system (PME) and matter element analysis (MEA) can be advantageous in addressing the problem of traditional methods that yield inadequate data. Measured data for the rutting of a road section in the Shaanxi province was employed as the validation data in this study. The input parameter for PME was localized, and a decay model based on the predicted results of PME was established by the MEA method. The results indicate that the predicted results of rutting using PME show a "lagging" characteristic when compared with the measured data. Some optimization measures are employed to process the predicted results of PME and achieve a better fitting effect with the measured data. The predicted data for rutting can serve as essential data of the MEA method to study the decay tendency of the rutting of asphalt pavement in design life. A case study reveals that the rutting resistance of asphalt pavement will deteriorate from excellent to good, good to medium, medium to inferior, and inferior to bad in 13.8 months, 32.5 months, 43.8 months, and 55.2 months, respectively. The combination of PME and MEA is appropriate to evaluate rutting potential in project level pavements. A follow-up study can be carried out on the developing trend of the pavement damage, so as to better determine the maintenance time for the selected road section.

Analysis of Preparation and Properties on Shape Memory Hydrogenated Epoxy Resin Used for Asphalt Mixtures

Applied Sciences, 2017

The objective of this investigation is to prepare the shape memory hydrogenated epoxy resin used ... more The objective of this investigation is to prepare the shape memory hydrogenated epoxy resin used for asphalt mixtures (SM-HEP-AM) and study its properties. The shape memory hydrogenated epoxy resin (SM-HEP) is prepared using hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resin (AL-3040), polypropylene glycol diglycidylether diacrylate (JH-230), and isophorone diamine (IPDA). The formulations of the SM-HEP-AM are obtained by the linearly fitted method. The thermo-mechanical property, molecular structure, and shape-memory performance of the SM-HEP-AM are studied. The glass-transition temperature (T g) is determined using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results proved that the T g level increased when the JH-230 content decreased. The thermo-mechanical property of the SM-HEP-AM is measured by dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). The storage modulus of the SM-HEP-AM decreased with the increase in the JH-230 content. The above phenomena are attributed to the change in the JH-230 content. The shape memory performance results of the SM-HEP-AM indicate that specimen deformation can completely recover after only several minutes at T g + 10 • C and T g + 20 • C. The shape recovery time of the SM-HEP-AM increases with increased JH-230 content, and the change between the shape recovery time and JH-230 content gradually decreased as the temperature increased. The deformation recovery performance of asphalt mixture with and without the SM-HEP-AM (T g = 40 • C) was tested by the deformation recovery test. This was used to prove that the SM-HEP-AM helps to improve the deformation recovery performance of the asphalt mixture.

Ethanol based foamed asphalt as potential alternative for low emission asphalt technology

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 2016

Foamed asphalt typically relies on water as a foaming agent because water becomes gaseous at elev... more Foamed asphalt typically relies on water as a foaming agent because water becomes gaseous at elevated temperatures, generating numerous tiny bubbles in the asphalt and causing spontaneous foaming. In this study, ethanol was used as a potential alternative to water as a foaming agent. Ethanol is expected to be a physical blowing agent in the same manner as water, except it requires less energy to foam due to its 78 C boiling point. This study compares the performance of water and ethanol as foaming agents through the measurements of rotational viscosity, the reduction in temperature during foaming, and volatile loss. The ethanol-foamed asphalt binders were prepared at 80 C and 100 C, while the water-foamed asphalt binders were prepared at 100 C and 120 C. Additionally, the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) was used to generate short-term aging of the foamed asphalt binders. A rotational viscometer was used to determine the viscosity of the asphalt binders at 80 C, 100 C, 120 C, 140 C, and 160 C. Overall, ethanol can function in the same manner as water but requires less energy to foam. It is proven based on the smaller drop in temperature of the asphalt binder foamed using ethanol compared with that prepared with water. This is due to the lower latent heat capacity of ethanol, which requires less energy to vaporize compared with water. Through the rotational viscometer test, ethanol performs better in lowering the viscosity of asphalt binders, which is essential in allowing production processes at low temperatures, as well as a better workability and aggregate coating.

Effect of short-term ageing temperature on bitumen properties

Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2017

Properties of asphalt mixtures after ageing are fundamental parameters in determining longterm pe... more Properties of asphalt mixtures after ageing are fundamental parameters in determining longterm performance (e.g. durability) of these materials. With increasing popularity of reduced temperature mixtures, such as warm-mix asphalt, WMA, the question remains how a reduction in short-term ageing affects the properties after long-term ageing of bituminous materials. This paper aims to improve our understanding of the effect of asphalt manufacturing temperature on ageing and the resulting mechanical properties of bituminous binder by studying the effect of short-and long-term ageing of different bitumen samples as a function of short-term ageing temperatures. For this purpose, round robin experiments were conducted within the RILEM technical committee (TC) 252 chemo-mechanical characterisation of bituminous materials by 10 laboratories from 5 countries using four binders of the same grade (70/100 pen) from different crude sources. The short-term ageing was carried out using the standard procedure for rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT), but varying the temperatures. Long-term ageing was carried out using the standard procedure for pressure aging vessel (PAV) in addition to RTFOT. For the mechanical characterisation, rheological data were determined by using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and conventional tests, with needle penetration and softening point using the ring and ball method. The results show that although different short-term ageing temperatures showed a significant difference in the mechanical properties of the binders, these differences vanished after long-term ageing with PAV.