Page 1. 1 IPR, innovation, economic growth and development Albert GZ Hu Department of Economics N... more Page 1. 1 IPR, innovation, economic growth and development Albert GZ Hu Department of Economics National University of Singapore and Adam B. Jaffe Department of Economics Dean of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University October, 2007 1. Introduction ...
... Copyright ? ... These effects are present controlling for both industry and technological pos... more ... Copyright ? ... These effects are present controlling for both industry and technological position effects as measured by sales and patent distributions ... REFERENCES Bound, John, C. Cummins, Z. Griliches, B. Hall and A. Jaffe, "Who Does R&D and Who Patents?", in Z. Griliches (ed ...
This paper presents evidence that firms' patents, profits and market value are systematically... more This paper presents evidence that firms' patents, profits and market value are systematically related to the"technological position" of firms' research programs. Further, firms are seen to "move" in technology space in response to the pattern of contemporaneous profits at different positions. These movements tend to erode excess returns."Spillovers" of R&D are modelled by examining whether the R&D of neighboring firms
... Cited By in Scopus (80). Permissions & Reprints. The US patent system in transition: poli... more ... Cited By in Scopus (80). Permissions & Reprints. The US patent system in transition: policy innovation and the innovation process. Adam B. Jaffe. Department of Economics, Brandeis University and National Bureau of Economic Research, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. ...
ABSTRACT The possibility of non-market-clearing situations in power systems implies that there is... more ABSTRACT The possibility of non-market-clearing situations in power systems implies that there is a positive social externality associated with construction of capacity or reduction in peak load. In deciding whether and how to internalize this externality, the policy debate should focus on determining the optimal level of reliability and the best way to achieve it.
... Reinventing public R&D: patent policy and ... These challenges have been particularly pre... more ... Reinventing public R&D: patent policy and ... These challenges have been particularly pressing at the laboratories devoted to national de-fense, whose primary historical mission of designing and testing nuclear weapons has been rendered largely obsolete by world events. ...
Developing the "Science of Science Policy" will require data collection and analysis related to t... more Developing the "Science of Science Policy" will require data collection and analysis related to the processes of innovation and technological change, and the effects of government policy on those processes. There has been much work on these topics in the last three decades, but there remain difficult problems of finding proxies for subtle concepts, endogeneity, distinguishing private and social returns, untangling cumulative effects, measuring the impact of government programs in a true "but for" sense, and sorting out national and global effects. I offer observations on how to think about these issues.
International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2003
This paper examines patterns of knowledge diffusion from US and Japan to Korea and Taiwan using p... more This paper examines patterns of knowledge diffusion from US and Japan to Korea and Taiwan using patent citations as an indicator of knowledge flow. We estimate a knowledge diffusion model using a data set of all patents granted in the U.S. to inventors residing in these four countries. Explicitly modeling the roles of technology proximity and knowledge decay and knowledge diffusion over time,
It follows from Hicks' induced innovation hypothesis that rising energy prices in the last tw... more It follows from Hicks' induced innovation hypothesis that rising energy prices in the last two decades should have induced energy-saving innovation. We formulate the hypothesis concretely using a product-characteristics model of energy-using consumer durables, augmenting Hicks' hypothesis to allow for the possibility that government efficiency standards also induce innovation. Through estimation of characteristics transformation surfaces, we find that technological change
Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. Th... more Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because the environmental consequences of social activity are frequently affected by the rate and direction of technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have significant effects on the path of technological progress. This paper, prepared as a chapter
The relationship between technological change and environmental policy has received increasing at... more The relationship between technological change and environmental policy has received increasing attention from scholars and policy makers alike over the past ten years. This is partly because the environmental impacts of social activity are significantly affected by technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions themselves create new constraints and incentives that affect the process of technological developments. Our central purpose in this article is to provide environmental economists with a useful guide to research on technological change and the analytical tools that can be used to explore further the interaction between technology and the environment. In Part 1 of the article, we provide an overview of analytical frameworks for investigating the economics of technological change, highlighting key issues for the researcher. In Part 2, we turn our attention to theoretical analysis of the effects of environmental policy on technological change, and in ...
Introduction There is currently much interest in the potential for public policies to reduce ener... more Introduction There is currently much interest in the potential for public policies to reduce energy consumption because of concerns about global climate change linked with the combustion of fossil fuels. Basic economic theory suggests that if the price of energy relative to other goods rises, the energy intensity of the economy will fall as a result of a series of behavioral changes: people will turn down their thermostats and drive more slowly; they will replace their furnaces and cars with more efficient models available on the market; and, over the long run, the pace and direction of technological change will be affected, so that the menu of capital goods available for purchase will contain more energy-efficient choices. This last conjecture---that increasing energy prices will lead to technological change that facilitates the commercialization of capital goods that are less energy intensive in use---is a modern manifestation of the "induced innovation" hypothesis of Si...
A survey of recent patentees was conducted to elicit their perceptions regarding the importance o... more A survey of recent patentees was conducted to elicit their perceptions regarding the importance of their inventions, the extent of their communication with other inventors, and the relationship of both importance and communication to observed patent citations. A cohort of 1993 patentees were asked specifically about 2 patents that they had cited, and a third placebo' patent that was similar
... The carbon intensity of energy can be reduced by substituting renewable or nuclear sources fo... more ... The carbon intensity of energy can be reduced by substituting renewable or nuclear sources for fossil fuels (and by substituting lower-carbon natural gas for coal), and through ... reflections on the role of appropriate energy efficiency policy in climate change mitigation. ...
Page 1. 1 IPR, innovation, economic growth and development Albert GZ Hu Department of Economics N... more Page 1. 1 IPR, innovation, economic growth and development Albert GZ Hu Department of Economics National University of Singapore and Adam B. Jaffe Department of Economics Dean of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University October, 2007 1. Introduction ...
... Copyright ? ... These effects are present controlling for both industry and technological pos... more ... Copyright ? ... These effects are present controlling for both industry and technological position effects as measured by sales and patent distributions ... REFERENCES Bound, John, C. Cummins, Z. Griliches, B. Hall and A. Jaffe, "Who Does R&D and Who Patents?", in Z. Griliches (ed ...
This paper presents evidence that firms' patents, profits and market value are systematically... more This paper presents evidence that firms' patents, profits and market value are systematically related to the"technological position" of firms' research programs. Further, firms are seen to "move" in technology space in response to the pattern of contemporaneous profits at different positions. These movements tend to erode excess returns."Spillovers" of R&D are modelled by examining whether the R&D of neighboring firms
... Cited By in Scopus (80). Permissions & Reprints. The US patent system in transition: poli... more ... Cited By in Scopus (80). Permissions & Reprints. The US patent system in transition: policy innovation and the innovation process. Adam B. Jaffe. Department of Economics, Brandeis University and National Bureau of Economic Research, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. ...
ABSTRACT The possibility of non-market-clearing situations in power systems implies that there is... more ABSTRACT The possibility of non-market-clearing situations in power systems implies that there is a positive social externality associated with construction of capacity or reduction in peak load. In deciding whether and how to internalize this externality, the policy debate should focus on determining the optimal level of reliability and the best way to achieve it.
... Reinventing public R&D: patent policy and ... These challenges have been particularly pre... more ... Reinventing public R&D: patent policy and ... These challenges have been particularly pressing at the laboratories devoted to national de-fense, whose primary historical mission of designing and testing nuclear weapons has been rendered largely obsolete by world events. ...
Developing the "Science of Science Policy" will require data collection and analysis related to t... more Developing the "Science of Science Policy" will require data collection and analysis related to the processes of innovation and technological change, and the effects of government policy on those processes. There has been much work on these topics in the last three decades, but there remain difficult problems of finding proxies for subtle concepts, endogeneity, distinguishing private and social returns, untangling cumulative effects, measuring the impact of government programs in a true "but for" sense, and sorting out national and global effects. I offer observations on how to think about these issues.
International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2003
This paper examines patterns of knowledge diffusion from US and Japan to Korea and Taiwan using p... more This paper examines patterns of knowledge diffusion from US and Japan to Korea and Taiwan using patent citations as an indicator of knowledge flow. We estimate a knowledge diffusion model using a data set of all patents granted in the U.S. to inventors residing in these four countries. Explicitly modeling the roles of technology proximity and knowledge decay and knowledge diffusion over time,
It follows from Hicks' induced innovation hypothesis that rising energy prices in the last tw... more It follows from Hicks' induced innovation hypothesis that rising energy prices in the last two decades should have induced energy-saving innovation. We formulate the hypothesis concretely using a product-characteristics model of energy-using consumer durables, augmenting Hicks' hypothesis to allow for the possibility that government efficiency standards also induce innovation. Through estimation of characteristics transformation surfaces, we find that technological change
Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. Th... more Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because the environmental consequences of social activity are frequently affected by the rate and direction of technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have significant effects on the path of technological progress. This paper, prepared as a chapter
The relationship between technological change and environmental policy has received increasing at... more The relationship between technological change and environmental policy has received increasing attention from scholars and policy makers alike over the past ten years. This is partly because the environmental impacts of social activity are significantly affected by technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions themselves create new constraints and incentives that affect the process of technological developments. Our central purpose in this article is to provide environmental economists with a useful guide to research on technological change and the analytical tools that can be used to explore further the interaction between technology and the environment. In Part 1 of the article, we provide an overview of analytical frameworks for investigating the economics of technological change, highlighting key issues for the researcher. In Part 2, we turn our attention to theoretical analysis of the effects of environmental policy on technological change, and in ...
Introduction There is currently much interest in the potential for public policies to reduce ener... more Introduction There is currently much interest in the potential for public policies to reduce energy consumption because of concerns about global climate change linked with the combustion of fossil fuels. Basic economic theory suggests that if the price of energy relative to other goods rises, the energy intensity of the economy will fall as a result of a series of behavioral changes: people will turn down their thermostats and drive more slowly; they will replace their furnaces and cars with more efficient models available on the market; and, over the long run, the pace and direction of technological change will be affected, so that the menu of capital goods available for purchase will contain more energy-efficient choices. This last conjecture---that increasing energy prices will lead to technological change that facilitates the commercialization of capital goods that are less energy intensive in use---is a modern manifestation of the "induced innovation" hypothesis of Si...
A survey of recent patentees was conducted to elicit their perceptions regarding the importance o... more A survey of recent patentees was conducted to elicit their perceptions regarding the importance of their inventions, the extent of their communication with other inventors, and the relationship of both importance and communication to observed patent citations. A cohort of 1993 patentees were asked specifically about 2 patents that they had cited, and a third placebo' patent that was similar
... The carbon intensity of energy can be reduced by substituting renewable or nuclear sources fo... more ... The carbon intensity of energy can be reduced by substituting renewable or nuclear sources for fossil fuels (and by substituting lower-carbon natural gas for coal), and through ... reflections on the role of appropriate energy efficiency policy in climate change mitigation. ...
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