Papers by Muhammad Azam Roomi
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
Research investigating women-owned businesses has developed considerably over the past two decade... more Research investigating women-owned businesses has developed considerably over the past two decades. There are, however, few British studies that have specifically focussed on growth oriented women-owned businesses. The current study aims to fill this gap. Its purpose is to explore the effect of social capital and human capital on the growth of women-owned enterprises in the UK. The research contributes to the knowledge of women"s entrepreneurship as the first to study the moderating role of human capital in building and using social capital in the UK. It develops the theoretical premise that women entrepreneurs with higher human capital gain credibility and centrality in networks, accumulating social capital based on their importance for other network members and their business stakeholders. This mixed method study involves both collecting and analysing quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical analysis using SPSS was applied to analyse quantitative data collected through 517 on-line completed questionnaires from three different regions. The qualitative data collected through face to face interviews with 42 women entrepreneurs were also analysed and interpreted. The findings suggest that the social capital possessed by women entrepreneurs plays an important role in the growth of enterprises. Women entrepreneurs use different sources to build and use their social capital at different stages of growth and in different industry sectors such as manufacturing or services. Women entrepreneurs with higher human capital are more likely to identify opportunities, generate ideas and show creative thinking in introducing novel products, services, location, processes or systems, which makes their growth path exponential. There are implications of this study for women entrepreneurs to build and use their social and human capital for the growth of their enterprises. And there are also implications for politicians and business organisations, who must devise policies to develop opportunities for existing or potential women entrepreneurs for building their human based capital.
International Journal of Conflict Management, 2021
Purpose This study aims to explain the relationship of employee voice and turnover intention with... more Purpose This study aims to explain the relationship of employee voice and turnover intention with the mediating role of top management team (TMT) conflicts. Moreover, this study also aims to find the moderating influence of union instrumentality among employee voice and TMT conflicts. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted by using a quantitative approach and data was collected from 300 employees of the manufacturing sector of Pakistan through questionnaires. Data were analyzed by applying different statistical tools and tests through SPSS-21 and AMOS. Findings Results demonstrate that employee voice has a significant negative impact on employee turnover intention; TMT conflicts significantly mediate employee voice and intention to quit. However, union instrumentality is only initiated to moderate the relationship between employee voice and cognitive conflict. Research limitations/implications This research focuses on the manufacturing sector and data have been collecte...
Abstract. In our present era of the knowledge based economy SMEs face significant challenges of g... more Abstract. In our present era of the knowledge based economy SMEs face significant challenges of global competition and the free movement of skilled labor. One possible solution is to develop a better understanding of social capital and knowledge management. Social capital and knowledge management reconsidered driving forces behind countries' economic and social development, and are increasingly recognized as significant sources of competitive advantage. For this reason they have become independent, progressive and distinguished business disciplines specifically for SMEs. The primary objective of this research is to explore precisely how social capital and knowledge management enhance the performance of SMEs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with owner-managers of SMEs from arrange of industries, including manufacturing, trading and services, and the data analyzed thematically. The findings will help policy makers, practitioners and entrepreneurs/owner-mangers in Pakista...
Sustainability, 2021
After the UN’s adoption of 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, it became clear that the rel... more After the UN’s adoption of 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, it became clear that the relationship between sustainability and entrepreneurship was an area for re-examination. Traditional measures of entrepreneurial success rested largely on economic indicators; observatories like the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) extended them, including cultural and social indicators. There is now a real need to measure and analyze the relationship between sustainable entrepreneurship and eco-innovation and drive positive economic activity outcomes, sustainable development, and social welfare. For GEM’s consideration, this paper proposes a reimagined tool by which to measure sustainable entrepreneurship and eco-innovation in businesses and assess their level of alignment with UN SDGs. Specifically, it presents a new measurement method, incorporating, but simplifying, a complex range of variables, which can be crystallized into a set of items (questions) to determine businesses’ comm...
Handbook of Research on Emerging Business Models and the New World Economic Order, 2022
At the end of 2019, the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and its different mutations is forcing the wo... more At the end of 2019, the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and its different mutations is forcing the world to face a significant economic crisis that will change the business world. To cope with this socio-economic problem, a digitation process has been accelerated in the labor market, and a more vital public-private collaboration has been put into action to solve this situation. Despite these efforts, the world is facing a broader North-South gap, and a new business world has been created for the new generations to come. This chapter aims to analyze how the first lockdown caused by COVID-19 has influenced this changing process. The authors conclude that this lockdown has accelerated both the digitation process and the work-life balance. Also, more efforts are needed to fight the psychiatric problems associated with the lockdown.
Research Handbook on Entrepreneurship and Leadership
This chapter reviews different theoretical approaches to understanding entrepreneurial leadership... more This chapter reviews different theoretical approaches to understanding entrepreneurial leadership in an Islamic context in order to determine the best means of researching it more rigorously, and of promoting more of it. Neo-institutional, market-based and culturally informed theory are proposed as better able to explain and develop Islamic entrepreneurial leadership. Several embryonic models of Islamic entrepreneurial leadership are also critiqued.
Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 2020
The Saudi economy constitutes 30% of the Arab world's GDP (gross domestic product). Tradition... more The Saudi economy constitutes 30% of the Arab world's GDP (gross domestic product). Traditionally focused on oil and natural gas, the economy is in the process of a structural transformation in which entrepreneurship has a pivotal role to play. Sixty percent of Saudi Arabia's population is under the age of 30. Against this background, this chapter will analyze senior entrepreneurship and the creation of family businesses in Saudi Arabia. Finally, the authors propose some measures for their generation.
Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 2020
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify barriers to financial product innovation in the ... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify barriers to financial product innovation in the Islamic banks (IBs) of Pakistan. This paper also aims to establish the relationship among the barriers and present them in a hierarchical model after classification. Design/methodology/approach This study is exploratory and qualitative in nature. A total of ten experts from the IBs and from academia have been interviewed to collect data. Literature has also been reviewed to identify the barriers. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) analysis has been used to establish relationship among the barriers, to rank and to come up with a hierarchical model of barriers. Findings This research paper makes out, ranks and classifies the nine most important barriers to product innovation in the IBs in Pakistan, including high innovation cost; lack of customer awareness; difference of school of thoughts between members of Shari’ah board; non-compatibility between product design department and member...
Personnel Review, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between customer-oriented strate... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between customer-oriented strategy (COS) and financial performance (FP) of firm, to examine the role of supportive human resource management (HRM) in COS implementation and contribution toward FP of firm. It also examines the mediating role of innovation capability (IC) between COS and FP of firm. Design/methodology/approach The approach used for this study is quantitative. Data required for testing of hypothesis were gathered from the managers of manufacturing firms of Gujranwala, Pakistan. To conduct the data analysis, structural equation modeling was used. Findings Findings of this study showed that there is significantly positive relation between COS and FP with the significant positive mediating effects of supportive HRM and IC. Research limitations/implications This research has been conducted in manufacturing sector only. So, it is suggested to future researchers to carry out this research in other sectors. Seco...
Social Enterprise Journal, 2018
PurposeLittle attention has been given specifically to the experience of women social entrepreneu... more PurposeLittle attention has been given specifically to the experience of women social entrepreneurs despite the assumption they are prone to “care”, and even less to their motivations or their self-perception of success. This paper aims to provide an insight into the relationship between motivations and social and economic performance among women social entrepreneurs in ten European Union countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper classifies the motivations of women social entrepreneurs, drawing on the results of a survey conducted (n= 380) by the European Women’s Lobby. The paper then examines how these motivations relate to self-perceptions of social and economic performance.FindingsIn addition to being driven by self-interest and prosocial motivations, women social entrepreneurs also seek to develop alternative business models. Where a social mission is central, women are likely to feel successful in meeting their social aim; however, there is a strong negative relationship ...
Journal of Small Business Management, 2014
This study analyzes the interplay between gender differences and the social environment in the fo... more This study analyzes the interplay between gender differences and the social environment in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Data were obtained from two different European regions. The results show that the formation of entrepreneurial intentions is similar for men and women. At the same time, men consistently exhibit more favorable intentions than women do. Nevertheless, the perception of the social legitimation of entrepreneurship only serves to reinforce male entrepreneurial intentions, and not those of women. This holds for both regions and probably is a consequence of women feeling entrepreneurship to not be an acceptable career option for them. The implications of these results are discussed.
Case Study - Ref 411-023-1 + Teaching Note - Ref 411-023-8, 2011
This case is centred on various Human Resource issues arising in a business endeavour setup by Af... more This case is centred on various Human Resource issues arising in a business endeavour setup by Aftab, an ambitious business man. The business under discussion was a restaurant opened in the Pakistani city of Lahore. The case was written with the intent of shedding light on the importance of HR for an establishment. The case explains that by ignoring HR issues the organization can suffer tremendously. The case is ideally suited for students who are taking an introductory module on Human resource management. The case can be best ...
Case Study - Ref 811-020-1 + Teaching Note - Ref 811-020-8, 2011
Entrepreneurs take huge risks in exploiting business opportunities for profit, where they bring t... more Entrepreneurs take huge risks in exploiting business opportunities for profit, where they bring together human resources, financial resources, technical skills, and assets for carrying out their entrepreneurial activities and achieving their objectives. While some entrepreneurs own sufficient resources in start-ups, a majority of them rely on resources held by others, which they largely access through social contacts. They adopt appropriate business strategies and structures to optimise the performance of their firms. Besides, they exercise ...
Case Study - Ref 811-038-1 + Teaching Note - Ref 811-038-8, 2011
This Case accounts the story of an entrepreneurial venture named SOZO WATERPARK situated at Jallo... more This Case accounts the story of an entrepreneurial venture named SOZO WATERPARK situated at Jallo 28km from Lahore, Pakistan. Zoraiz, was the person who identified this big enthralling opportunity in entertainment sector and materialized it with his acumen and commitment. To this end, the focus of the case is on the process of how the idea was developed, forces that persuaded him to plug in this huge project and strategies through which he accomplished his endeavour. The case ended up with narrating profound ...
Case Study - Ref 811-055-1 + Teaching Note - Ref 811-055-8, 2011
The case revolves around two entrepreneurs Ahmed and Ali and explains their entrepreneurial behav... more The case revolves around two entrepreneurs Ahmed and Ali and explains their entrepreneurial behaviours that led to different ventures. Ahmed had a background in civil engineering and work experience in building construction, while Ali graduated in mechanical engineering and worked as senior mechanical engineer in a company at Muscat. Their complementary skills led to several entrepreneurial ventures in Muscat. Ahmed closed down his businesses at Tanzania due to unfavourable political and ...
We offer a comprehensive review of the literature relating to entrepreneurial leadership, noting ... more We offer a comprehensive review of the literature relating to entrepreneurial leadership, noting that there are diverse understandings of the concept and little exploration of how best to teach it. We next present empirical data from a survey of teaching practices at 51 HEIs in the UK that indicate little explicit teaching of entrepreneurial leadership. Drawing on this literature and data, we make recommendations for the design of teaching materials that emphasise the relevance of leadership in entrepreneurship education and of ...
… and social capital: a dialogue and …, 2008
CHAPTER 10 Impact of Women-Only Entrepreneurship Training in Islamic Society Muhammad Azam Room! ... more CHAPTER 10 Impact of Women-Only Entrepreneurship Training in Islamic Society Muhammad Azam Room! & Pegram Harrison A theoretical paradox exists between entrepreneurial competences and Islamic traditions. This research situates that paradox within a context of research in ...
EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal, 2021
With the availability of the Internet as an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool, ... more With the availability of the Internet as an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool, electronic commerce (e-commerce) has received much attention in many Western and developed countries. However, it has been given little attention in emerging economies, and therefore e-commerce adoption has been particularly difficult for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this review paper is to explore several types of barriers that influence the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs in emerging economies. An exhaustive review of the literature was conducted on the subject. It further evaluates and extends Tornatzky and Fleischer’s (1990) Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework by adding a micro-level context - that of the ‘entrepreneurial (individual) characteristics of owner-managers’ to examine various contextual challenges SMEs face in adopting e-commerce in emerging economies. The paper examines a number of new dynamic and contextual barriers identified...
This study intends to investigate the dividend payment practices of the non-financial sectors of ... more This study intends to investigate the dividend payment practices of the non-financial sectors of the Karachi Stock Exchange. All the dividend paying sectors of the Karachi Stock Exchange were investigated for the period 2004–2010. A well developed mixture of six variables along with the descriptive statistics was used to scrutinize the dividend paying behavior of different sectors. Inconsistency, reluctance and trivial average rate from 1.5% to 5% of the dividends were being paid by the sectors. Profitability was not functioning ...
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Papers by Muhammad Azam Roomi