Papers by Gerardo Papalia
Mussolini Redux?: Could Italy’s new foreign policy trigger a passage to a multipolar world order?
Arena Quarterly , 2023
The conflict in Ukraine has brought the world, and Europe in particular, to a turning point. In t... more The conflict in Ukraine has brought the world, and Europe in particular, to a turning point. In the coming months the destinies of both the EU and NATO will be determined. The outcome could depend on the position Italy takes. Should the Italian government continue with its current foreign policies, both the EU and NATO are likely to survive. If Italy leaves either, or even distances itself from them in favour of closer alignment to the BRICS countries, this decision could lead to their collapse, hastening the birth of a multipolar world order. By switching its allegiances, Italy played a decisive role in the outcomes of both the First and Second World Wars. It could change world history again.
The Italian “Fifth Column” in Australia: Fascist Propaganda, Italian‐Australians and Internment
Australian Journal of Politics & History, 2020
This article argues that the widespread internment of Italian‐Australian civilians during the Sec... more This article argues that the widespread internment of Italian‐Australian civilians during the Second World War was the product of two overlapping discourses. One was the policy of the Italian Fascist government to consider the Italian diaspora as an extension of Italy. It established an articulated and wide‐ranging network that sustained migrant loyalty through cultural and welfare activities as well as by surveillance and threats of retaliation. The other discourse was the widespread belief, reflected in the Commonwealth's security policy, that all Italian‐Australians were potential adherents to an enemy “Fifth Column”. Whilst there is substantial evidence that Italian migrants sought to resist both discourses, in particular by naturalizing, the overlap between them facilitated the Commonwealth's decision to intern almost one third of male Italian‐Australian civilians. Ultimately, internment caused much suffering: the vast majority of Italian‐Australians, to the extent that they believed in Fascist propaganda, did so mainly out of patriotic pride in Italy and not ideological conviction. At the end of the war, Australian authorities found that no Italian‐Australian had engaged in espionage or in any serious act of sabotage.
Mussolini is inside each one of us
In February 2018 a satirical film released in Italy entitled I'm Back used an actor dressed a... more In February 2018 a satirical film released in Italy entitled I'm Back used an actor dressed as Benito Mussolini to portray the return of the dictator to contemporary Italy. In some 'documentary' scenes the imitation Mussolini rides between Rome's ancient and modern monuments on the back of a Vespa. Apparently unwitting bystanders greet him with mixed responses. Some take selfies with him, others give the Fascist salute, still others protest, but there are also those who, after ten minutes, forget that they are talking to an actor and believe they are actually speaking with Il Duce. When asked why the public reacts the way it does, the film's screenwriter, Nicola Guaglianone, has said that 'Mussolini is inside each one of us'. Alessandra Mussolini, current member of the Italian and European parliaments, and Benito Mussolini's granddaughter, applauded the film. In contrast, it was criticised by the Left for portraying Mussolini with sympathy while downp...
Icon of Resistance : Vecchiu carrubbu - The Old Carob Tree
Nostalgia : Elaborating New Diasporic Identities
The European Diaspora in Australia: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Australian Journal of Politics & History, 2021
Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) are gradually carried ou... more Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems. Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during post-hatch development. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) expression was increased continuously in yolk sac from embryonic age 19 (E19) to post-hatch day 1 (D1) and in intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from E17 to D1. Plasma VC content was higher at D1 than that at D21 and D42. IOF of VC significantly reduced GLO expression in liver, kidney and yolk sac as well as SVCT1 expression in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but increased the VC content in plasma, brain, kidney and liver. In addition, IOF of VC obviously reduced the embryonic morality and increased the hatchability under heat stress. Conclusions: This study suggested that IOF of VC at E11 in yolk was effective for embryonic VC supplementation. These findings provide a theoretical reference about the method of embryonic VC supplementation and effective methodology on embryonic VC nutrition in broiler chickens.
Australian football as a construct of the frontier contact zone
The real or imagined connections between Indigenous ballgames, especially marngrook, and the spor... more The real or imagined connections between Indigenous ballgames, especially marngrook, and the sport that evolved into Australian Rules football, remain as contested as ever. We propose to step back from this debate and to re-frame the problem quite differently. The Deleuze and Guattari post-structuralist understanding of the relationship between colonising and colonised peoples provides a convincing meta-narrative of the situation in nineteenth-century south-eastern Australia. Particularly useful are their smooth/striated distinction, their concept of deterritorialization/reterritorialization, the nomad 'war machine', and their state of 'becomings-animal/spiritual'. Together, these four crucial conceptualisations illuminate the relationship between settler culture and post-invasion Indigenous culture. Australian football thus arguably emerges as a product of this frontier zone.
Mussolini's Australian campaign of 1935-1936
Ghost Signs and the Teaching of Immigrant History
pancreatitis, celiac disease, 13 С-triglyceride breath test, 13 С-corn starch breath test The syn... more pancreatitis, celiac disease, 13 С-triglyceride breath test, 13 С-corn starch breath test The syndrome of maldigestion develops in approximately 50% of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) after an average of 10 to 12 of onset of the disease, but in a small number of patients do not develop clinically significant exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) even at a later date [3]. Despite the fact that outcomes maldigestion, secondary relative to CP, insufficiently studied generally accepted that this difficulty has important prognostic value. Together with the well-known problems linked to the malnutrition, second in CP maldigestion associated with life-threatening complications, including cardiovascular events, which is related to the abnormally low levels of lipoprotein C of high density, apolipoprotein A-1 and lipoprotein A [1, 3]. So maldigestion adequate therapy is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality linked to the CP. Treatment maldigestion obviously indicated in symptomatic cases steatorrhea or steatorrhea exceeding 15 g/day [2, 11]. The therapy of choice in these cases is based on oral pancreatic enzymes. Mostly because of the problems is related to the inactivation of acid lipase, and the need for adequate gastric stirring and evacuation enzymes with nutrients, generally the best form of pancreatic enzymes is lined shell enteric soluble minimicrospheres [1, 6, 8, 11]. The only representative of this form of release is enzymesubmitted under the brand name Creon® (Abbott Laboratories GmbH). Minimicrospheres important advantage compared, for example, minitablet drugs are the number of particles with enzymes in one capsule. Obviously, the capsule containing 280-500 shares (minimicrospheres) with enzymes provide much more uniform mixing of chyme than a capsule containing 24-30 microtablets [1]. Such careful distribution achieves minimicrospheres contact area of the enzymes in the chyme 2-2.5 times more than her than with minitablets and 8 times more than her, than with tablets. [12] This significantly speeds up the start splitting lipids and increases ist effective digestion using enzymes as minimicrospheres [9]. This was confirmed by his own studies [4]. In respect of about the lack of 'subjective method of selection of adequate doses of enzymes for each individual patient, the dose usually is calculated empirically to avoid diarrhea and weight loss [2].
Writing as an act of love: the works of Haidar Hafez
Matteo Salvini: Leader of Italy's 'Fright' wing
Just over a year ago, in an article in 'Arena Magazine' following the Italian elections, ... more Just over a year ago, in an article in 'Arena Magazine' following the Italian elections, I expressed my fears that Italy's new coalition government could push the country to the far right. In the aftermath of the European elections it appears that this feared outcome has materialised.
“Hic sunt leones: an example of Southern Italian Domestic Architecture in Australia” in La Questione Meridionale - The Southern Question, vol. 1, no. 1, February 2010, Luigi Pellegrini Editore, Cosenza, pp. 101-120
With an island as their hearth: The Aeolians and the 'Società mutuo soccorso Isole Eolie", in La Questione Meridionale - The Southern Question
Peasant Rebels in the Canefields: Italian migrant involvement in the 1934 and 1935 Weil's Disease cane cutters strikes in Queensland, Catholic Intercultural Resource Centre, Melbourne, 1985
FULGOR, 2008
This article analyses how psychological trauma and cultural bereavement is negotiated by rituals ... more This article analyses how psychological trauma and cultural bereavement is negotiated by rituals performed in two parallel festivals in honour of the Madonna della Montagna di Polsi (in the province of Reggio Calabria) and in Melbourne, Australia. Both are celebrated by people from the same Italian region. Using a framework derived from Italian anthropologist Ernesto De Martino, the article examines the rituals performed during the festival in Polsi as forms of catharsis which assist in resolving existential traumas. The article then looks at cultural bereavement as a condition that can severely compromise the psychological health of migrants. The Madonna della Montagna festa in Melbourne, albeit different to its Calabrian epigone, continues to perform a psychologically healing role. A manifestation of authentic popular religiosity, this festa has become the privileged locus within which the Calabrian migrant community reaffirms its identity and resists pressures to assimilate exercised both by the Church and the wider society. The collective celebration of the Madonna della Montagna of Polsi in Melbourne reconnects participants with their previous ideal symbolic order in Calabria and also establishes a newhybrid-one in a process that can attenuate the psychological traumas deriving from migration and settlement in an alien culture.
Postcolonial Studies, 2016
He is the author of 30 books and technical reports in the areas of Australian history, social his... more He is the author of 30 books and technical reports in the areas of Australian history, social history and the management of higher education. He has taught and published with Gerardo Papalia since 2014.
MATTEO SALVINI: LEADER OF ITALY’S ‘FRIGHT’ WING Italy’s emerging divisions follow a worldwide pattern
Arena Magazine, 2019
Just over a year ago, in an article in ‘Arena Magazine’ following the Italian elections, I expres... more Just over a year ago, in an article in ‘Arena Magazine’ following the Italian elections, I expressed my fears that Italy’s new coalition government could push the country to the far right. In the aftermath of the European elections it appears that this feared outcome has materialised.
REVIEW The Perfect Fascist: A Story of Love, Power, and Morality in Mussolini's Italy. By Victoria de Grazia (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020), pp. 528, 6 Maps, 37 B&W photographs. US$35.00 (hb)
Australian Journal of Politics & History, 2021
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Papers by Gerardo Papalia