In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant int... more In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant interpretative and practical dilemma. Nietzsche attempts to undermine the idea of the absolute, as a source of value, meaning and truth, and to tease out the traces of this idea in our philosophising. He is thus one of those who has given us the means to complete the Kantian project of moving beyond metaphysical realism and a representational understanding of meaning.
They boast that they do not tell lies: but inability to lie is far from being love of truth. Be o... more They boast that they do not tell lies: but inability to lie is far from being love of truth. Be on your guard! Freedom from fever is far from being knowledge! I do not believe frozen spirits. He who cannot lie does not know what truth is. -Nietzsche's Zarathustra
Austin's distinction between locutionary and illocutionary acts has offered a fruitful way of foc... more Austin's distinction between locutionary and illocutionary acts has offered a fruitful way of focussing the relation between language and communication. In particular, by adopting the distinction we attend to linguistic and communicative subjects as actors, not just processors or conduits of information. Yet in many attempts to explicate the constitution of illocutionary acts the subject as actor is subsumed within the role of linguistic rules or conventions. In this paper I propose an account of illocutionary acts in which rules or conventions are secondary to what I will call communicative skills. These skills are taken as the primary component of communicative competence. They are derived from the principle that linguistic communication is not ultimately a linguistic matter, but relates instead to the way a communicator uses language. This principle is found in the work of Donald Davidson, but Davidson has tended to concentrate on semantics, and leaves the details of linguistic communication for pragmatics. The aim of this paper is to defend the general principle and supply some pragmatic details. I Among those accounts in which linguistic rules or conventions have a predominant role there are many differences of emphasis and development, 1 but they share the underlying presupposition that illocutionary acts can be ultimately analyzed in terms of the meanings of sentences. One corollary of this view (the 'semantic' account) is that it is possible, in principle, to produce a sentence such that just the meaning of the sentence will determine that its production is the performance of a 1 I take the main proponents of such views to include Searle, Jonathan Cohen, Hare, and Katz.
British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 2007
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolutionary path to market maturity that Ch... more Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolutionary path to market maturity that China property market has taken over the last few decades. The focus is on the commercial real estate markets in Beijing and Shanghai. It will help international investors understand the market environment, risk and market activity process. Design/methodology/approach -In this research, the authors apply the market maturity framework and its key determinants based on previous work undertaken by and for the analysis of Chinese commercial property market. Particular focus is on Beijing and Shanghai. The questionnaire is designed to obtain fair and objective views from international property consultancy firms active in Beijing and Shanghai markets. There are not many of these international property consultancies. The reason why this type of business was selected was to insure that the business had an understanding of China's place in the global commercial real estate market as this market matures from its emerging market status. Findings -The findings reveal that the respondents felt the commercial property markets in Shanghai and Beijing were now moderately mature. However, issues such as poorer level of standard market information, development instability, low transparency of the legal system, high taxes and high government invention still existed in China's commercial property market, therefore hindering its progress towards greater market maturity. Research limitations/implications -The small same size of the survey is the major limitation of the research. Practical implications -International investors and analysts can benefit from the research findings through a better understanding of the behaviour and trends in this unique market which will be reflected in their decision-making process. Originality/value -An explorative approach was used due to the lack of data to examine the perception of China's commercial property market's evolution and maturity. The findings can then be placed in the context of other Southeast Asian cities. The evolutionary process of China's property market is rarely examined in previous studies of China property market due to the lack of data and transparency.
In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant int... more In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant interpretative and practical dilemma. Nietzsche attempts to undermine the idea of the absolute, as a source of value, meaning and truth, and to tease out the traces of this idea in our philosophising. He is thus one of those who has given us the means to complete the Kantian project of moving beyond metaphysical realism and a representational understanding of meaning.
Over the past two decades there has been gathering interest in the second person perspective. It ... more Over the past two decades there has been gathering interest in the second person perspective. It has been applied in ethics, philosophy of language, epistemology, and studies of social cognition. One source of this approach is Strawson, and another is Davidson; but I suggest that the seeds lie in Wittgenstein. A significant benefit of this approach is that it offers a way of avoiding the skeptical difficulties that arise when we limit our explication of human cognition and interaction to first and third person perspectives. There has been little discussion of the significance of the second person perspective for educational theory, and I hope to address that in this paper. I will do so by reflecting on Wittgenstein's references to teaching, training and learning in his later work, especially in his attack on mentalism and individualism. It can seem that Wittgenstein's way of introducing pedagogical moments treats those practices as cases of disciplining or forming an other – a first-to-third person interaction. But I argue that these cases are examples of shared, cooperative , and normative activities into which the child or novice is being welcomed. I thus seek to show that in his mentions of pedagogy Wittgenstein ought to be seen as invoking and insisting on a second person relation.
In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant int... more In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant interpretative and practical dilemma. Nietzsche attempts to undermine the idea of the absolute, as a source of value, meaning and truth, and to tease out the traces of this idea in our philosophising. He is thus one of those who has given us the means to complete the Kantian project of moving beyond metaphysical realism and a representational understanding of meaning.
In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant int... more In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant interpretative and practical dilemma. Nietzsche attempts to undermine the idea of the absolute, as a source of value, meaning and truth, and to tease out the traces of this idea in our philosophising. He is thus one of those who has given us the means to complete the Kantian project of moving beyond metaphysical realism and a representational understanding of meaning.
They boast that they do not tell lies: but inability to lie is far from being love of truth. Be o... more They boast that they do not tell lies: but inability to lie is far from being love of truth. Be on your guard! Freedom from fever is far from being knowledge! I do not believe frozen spirits. He who cannot lie does not know what truth is. -Nietzsche's Zarathustra
Austin's distinction between locutionary and illocutionary acts has offered a fruitful way of foc... more Austin's distinction between locutionary and illocutionary acts has offered a fruitful way of focussing the relation between language and communication. In particular, by adopting the distinction we attend to linguistic and communicative subjects as actors, not just processors or conduits of information. Yet in many attempts to explicate the constitution of illocutionary acts the subject as actor is subsumed within the role of linguistic rules or conventions. In this paper I propose an account of illocutionary acts in which rules or conventions are secondary to what I will call communicative skills. These skills are taken as the primary component of communicative competence. They are derived from the principle that linguistic communication is not ultimately a linguistic matter, but relates instead to the way a communicator uses language. This principle is found in the work of Donald Davidson, but Davidson has tended to concentrate on semantics, and leaves the details of linguistic communication for pragmatics. The aim of this paper is to defend the general principle and supply some pragmatic details. I Among those accounts in which linguistic rules or conventions have a predominant role there are many differences of emphasis and development, 1 but they share the underlying presupposition that illocutionary acts can be ultimately analyzed in terms of the meanings of sentences. One corollary of this view (the 'semantic' account) is that it is possible, in principle, to produce a sentence such that just the meaning of the sentence will determine that its production is the performance of a 1 I take the main proponents of such views to include Searle, Jonathan Cohen, Hare, and Katz.
British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 2007
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolutionary path to market maturity that Ch... more Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolutionary path to market maturity that China property market has taken over the last few decades. The focus is on the commercial real estate markets in Beijing and Shanghai. It will help international investors understand the market environment, risk and market activity process. Design/methodology/approach -In this research, the authors apply the market maturity framework and its key determinants based on previous work undertaken by and for the analysis of Chinese commercial property market. Particular focus is on Beijing and Shanghai. The questionnaire is designed to obtain fair and objective views from international property consultancy firms active in Beijing and Shanghai markets. There are not many of these international property consultancies. The reason why this type of business was selected was to insure that the business had an understanding of China's place in the global commercial real estate market as this market matures from its emerging market status. Findings -The findings reveal that the respondents felt the commercial property markets in Shanghai and Beijing were now moderately mature. However, issues such as poorer level of standard market information, development instability, low transparency of the legal system, high taxes and high government invention still existed in China's commercial property market, therefore hindering its progress towards greater market maturity. Research limitations/implications -The small same size of the survey is the major limitation of the research. Practical implications -International investors and analysts can benefit from the research findings through a better understanding of the behaviour and trends in this unique market which will be reflected in their decision-making process. Originality/value -An explorative approach was used due to the lack of data to examine the perception of China's commercial property market's evolution and maturity. The findings can then be placed in the context of other Southeast Asian cities. The evolutionary process of China's property market is rarely examined in previous studies of China property market due to the lack of data and transparency.
In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant int... more In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant interpretative and practical dilemma. Nietzsche attempts to undermine the idea of the absolute, as a source of value, meaning and truth, and to tease out the traces of this idea in our philosophising. He is thus one of those who has given us the means to complete the Kantian project of moving beyond metaphysical realism and a representational understanding of meaning.
Over the past two decades there has been gathering interest in the second person perspective. It ... more Over the past two decades there has been gathering interest in the second person perspective. It has been applied in ethics, philosophy of language, epistemology, and studies of social cognition. One source of this approach is Strawson, and another is Davidson; but I suggest that the seeds lie in Wittgenstein. A significant benefit of this approach is that it offers a way of avoiding the skeptical difficulties that arise when we limit our explication of human cognition and interaction to first and third person perspectives. There has been little discussion of the significance of the second person perspective for educational theory, and I hope to address that in this paper. I will do so by reflecting on Wittgenstein's references to teaching, training and learning in his later work, especially in his attack on mentalism and individualism. It can seem that Wittgenstein's way of introducing pedagogical moments treats those practices as cases of disciplining or forming an other – a first-to-third person interaction. But I argue that these cases are examples of shared, cooperative , and normative activities into which the child or novice is being welcomed. I thus seek to show that in his mentions of pedagogy Wittgenstein ought to be seen as invoking and insisting on a second person relation.
In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant int... more In Nietzsche's later work the problem of the possibility of philosophy presents a significant interpretative and practical dilemma. Nietzsche attempts to undermine the idea of the absolute, as a source of value, meaning and truth, and to tease out the traces of this idea in our philosophising. He is thus one of those who has given us the means to complete the Kantian project of moving beyond metaphysical realism and a representational understanding of meaning.
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