Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Jul 15, 2023
The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and ... more The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and their pure bioactive compounds against gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal pathogens. This study also estimated the polyphenolic contents present in different solvent extracts. A total of four solvent extracts of different polarities isolated from Andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive compounds were investigated against human pathogenic microbes. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations were assessed by the broth dilution assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated by using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and Aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Andrographolide and neoandrographolide both have significant antibacterial activities against all bacteria, but are completely inactive against Candida albicans. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against each microbe investigated in this study. Both diterpenoids and ethanolic extract were effective against Staphylococcus aureus. This study tried to conclude that most of the solvent extracts contain anti bacterial activity, but andrographlide and neoandrographolide are not the only antibacterial agents present in the crude of Andrographis paniculata and there are also other phytochemicals present which have great activity as an antifungal agent.
Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Jul 15, 2023
The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and ... more The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and their pure bioactive compounds against gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal pathogens. This study also estimated the polyphenolic contents present in different solvent extracts. A total of four solvent extracts of different polarities isolated from Andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive compounds were investigated against human pathogenic microbes. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations were assessed by the broth dilution assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated by using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and Aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Andrographolide and neoandrographolide both have significant antibacterial activities against all bacteria, but are completely inactive against Candida albicans. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against each microbe investigated in this study. Both diterpenoids and ethanolic extract were effective against Staphylococcus aureus. This study tried to conclude that most of the solvent extracts contain anti bacterial activity, but andrographlide and neoandrographolide are not the only antibacterial agents present in the crude of Andrographis paniculata and there are also other phytochemicals present which have great activity as an antifungal agent.
International journal of scientific research, 2017
Background-Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is one of the important factors that cause infertility in w... more Background-Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is one of the important factors that cause infertility in women. GTB is mostly asymptomatic in nature and infertility generates high suspicion for GTB in reproductive age. The object of this study was to compare the different methods to diagnose GTB in Infertile patients. Material and method-Women patients seeking diagnosis of infertility in the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynecology department during April 2016 to March2017 were included in this study. A total of 62 endometrial samples were processed by AFB smear microscopy, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert to diagnose the tuberculosis. Results-Out of 62 patients with infertility suspected of GTB, 26 were found to be positive either by AFB smear, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert. Only one sample was found to be positive by all methods. Fourteen samples to be found positive with both L-J culture and BACTEC culture methods. Conclusion-The study indicated that the old method of AFB smear is less sensitive when compared with the L-J culture and BACTEC culture. Although Genexpert have a high specicity and sensitivity but still there are limitations in the diagnosis of endometrial biopsy samples. This study suggest both liquid and solid culture have an important role in the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis.
The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and ... more The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and their pure bioactive compounds against gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal pathogens. This study also estimated the polyphenolic contents present in different solvent extracts. A total of four solvent extracts of different polarities isolated from Andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive compounds were investigated against human pathogenic microbes. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations were assessed by the broth dilution assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated by using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and Aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Andrographolide and neoandrographolide both have significant antibacterial activities against all bacteria, but are completely inactive against Candida albicans. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against each microbe investigated ...
Background- Female Genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important cause of infertility but the data ... more Background- Female Genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important cause of infertility but the data of genital tuberculosis with the tubal factor infertility is still scattered. This study was designed to analyze the efficacy of different diagnostic methods for FGTB in different tubal pathology. Materials and methods- A total of 43 endometrial samples of women with tubal factor infertility were taken for the study during April 2016 to March 2017. Samples were sent by OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology for routine diagnosis. All 43 samples were subjected to different microbiological methods and Hysterosalpingographic nding were noted. Results- Out of 43 women with tubal factor infertility, ve were positive for TB by any of the method i.e. AFB smear, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert. Women with tubal occlusion were found to be TB positive in 2 samples. One sample was positive in all four methods and also found resistant to Rifampicin. Conclusion- Tubal factor infertility compris...
International journal of scientific research, 2017
BackgroundGenital tuberculosis (GTB) is one of the important factors that cause infertility in wo... more BackgroundGenital tuberculosis (GTB) is one of the important factors that cause infertility in women. GTB is mostly asymptomatic in nature and infertility generates high suspicion for GTB in reproductive age. The object of this study was to compare the different methods to diagnose GTB in Infertile patients. Material and methodWomen patients seeking diagnosis of infertility in the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynecology department during April 2016 to March2017 were included in this study. A total of 62 endometrial samples were processed by AFB smear microscopy, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert to diagnose the tuberculosis. ResultsOut of 62 patients with infertility suspected of GTB, 26 were found to be positive either by AFB smear, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert. Only one sample was found to be positive by all methods. Fourteen samples to be found positive with both L-J culture and BACTEC culture methods. ConclusionThe study indicated that the old method of AFB smear is ...
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) can be asymptomatic or even masquerade as other gynecological ... more Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) can be asymptomatic or even masquerade as other gynecological conditions. Conventional methods of FGTB diagnosis include various imaging, bacteriological, molecular, and pathological techniques that are only positive in a small percentage of patients, leaving many cases with undiagnosed condition. In the absence of a perfect diagnostic method, composite reference standards (CRSs) have been advocated in this diagnostic study. This study assesses the agreement between traditional diagnostic modalities using CRS and prevalent TB groups among different fallopian tube infertility manifestations. A total of 86 women with primary and secondary infertility were included in the study and subjected to bacteriological, pathological, and radiological examination for the diagnosis of FGTB. Results were evaluated statistically for concordance of the diagnostic tests to the CRS by sensitivity and specificity, while PPV and NPV were calculated for the performance ...
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017
Background: To establish safety profile for oral use of a classical Ayurvedic Ghrita formulation ... more Background: To establish safety profile for oral use of a classical Ayurvedic Ghrita formulation indicated in menstrual disorder known as Vataj Artava Dushti recent scientific techniques were used to fulfill the criteria of WHO guidelines for herbal drug formulations like heavy metal content and microbial load estimation, chromatography and others physic- analytical characteristic.Methods: In the present study formulated ghrita sample was selected for estimation of refractive index, total ash value acid, iodine, saponification, loss on drying, PH, fat content, sugar content, heavy metals namely lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), acid value, iodine value, by ICP-MAS, TLC and HPTLC.Results: SEM- EDX shows presence of elements like Carbon, Oxygen and Aluminum, Lead, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc. Refractive index 1.459, total ash 12%, saponification technique 55.26, Iodine value 4.32, acid value 6.6, PH 5.23 Loss on drying 0.32 fat 76.58% and sugar content 13.37%, Mercury <10 ppb, Le...
Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as the “King of Bitters” has traditionally been used as a... more Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as the “King of Bitters” has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb. The metabolite composition of A. paniculata is generally determined by its properties, which may be influenced by a range of factors, one of which is the part of the plant extracted. The objective of this research is to identify and characterize the putative metabolite composition in n-hexane extract of stem and leaf using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 22 different phytobioconstituents were identified, including flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, quinones, alkaloids and vitamin. The pharmacokinetic properties of the identified phytobioconstituents, like drug-likeness and toxicity, were also predicted by ADME/Tox analysis. Phytobioconstituents, predicted to be drug-like can be further investigated as ligands by using in silico docking approaches, for disease targets. The study provides empirical evidence for future study that might lea...
Background: Maternal mortality is still a major challenge in developing countries but in our hosp... more Background: Maternal mortality is still a major challenge in developing countries but in our hospital, it touches the extreme height of MMR. The target of the study is to assess the cause of maternal mortality at Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Methods: Data collection was done from the patient maternal mortality records of hospital between 2013 to 2016. Study comprises only maternal mortality cases. Total 165 maternal deaths were included in this study. Results: Maternal mortality ratio is extremely high as compare to other studies. In an increasing trend, in the year 2015 MMR was highest. Moreover, we found direct causes accounted 77.5% of total maternal deaths Hypertensive disorders and eclampsia is the most frequent cause of deaths which represented 33.3%. We found a trend of increased MMR with Increased unbooked cases. 21.2% of total dead women couldn’t get beds in ICU because of not vacancy of beds and 18.8% of total women died due to non-af...
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a commonly prevalent endocrinopathy among reproductive age gr... more Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a commonly prevalent endocrinopathy among reproductive age group women, is most often associated with obesity. Increased insulin resistance appears to be the central pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for various complications of PCOS. This makes &#39;weight loss&#39; as the first-line treatment approach in PCOS. So various trials have tried to compare metformin (an insulin-sensitizing agent) and orlistat (an anti-obesity drug) aiming to achieve weight loss and hence higher ovulation rate for the group of obese PCOS patients. Keeping an eye on all these background facts, we designed this systematic review and metaanalysis to compare the effects of metformin and orlistat on various aspects of PCOS and to pick the better among the two drugs. This is a systemic review of randomized control trials that studied the effectiveness of orlistat versus metformin in terms of improvement in ovulation rate, weight loss, lipid profile, etc. Systematic literature search over the period January 2000-December 2016 was performed in the following electronic databases: Medline, embase, google scholar, pubmed and The Cochrane Library and only randomized controlled clinical trials were included in our study. All authors carefully went through all sources of information independently. According to this study, weight loss, testosterone level after 4 weeks of treatment, total serum cholesterol and triglyceride level showed significant fall in orlistat-treated group. Our review shows that orlistat is a more effective drug than metformin and should be the preferred drug in obese PCOS in combination with weight loss.
Heavy metals are natural component of earth and their over exploitation by man leads to
anthropog... more Heavy metals are natural component of earth and their over exploitation by man leads to anthropogenic introduction of these heavy metals in different ecosystems more or less in alarming level. In certain value they play vital role in metabolic process of living beings but when exceed from that limiting value they cause intoxication in living system. They have the tendency of bioaccumulation as well as biomagnifications within the food web in different ecosystems. Their persistence as a pollutant in air, water and soil with varying degree of concentrations to toxicity level ratio i.e. beyond regulatory limit is a matter of apprehension. In this article we have tried to describe the health issues in context of human beings related with exposure of certain heavy metals which are essential but have serious acute and chronic ill effect when consumed in different concentration frequently. Different Environmental protection agencies have their own guidelines regarding daily intake value of these heavy metals, and their intake/exposure beyond suggested regulatory limits have confirmed neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic immunotoxic, teratogenic effects on human beings as well as other organisms.
Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Jul 15, 2023
The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and ... more The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and their pure bioactive compounds against gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal pathogens. This study also estimated the polyphenolic contents present in different solvent extracts. A total of four solvent extracts of different polarities isolated from Andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive compounds were investigated against human pathogenic microbes. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations were assessed by the broth dilution assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated by using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and Aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Andrographolide and neoandrographolide both have significant antibacterial activities against all bacteria, but are completely inactive against Candida albicans. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against each microbe investigated in this study. Both diterpenoids and ethanolic extract were effective against Staphylococcus aureus. This study tried to conclude that most of the solvent extracts contain anti bacterial activity, but andrographlide and neoandrographolide are not the only antibacterial agents present in the crude of Andrographis paniculata and there are also other phytochemicals present which have great activity as an antifungal agent.
Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Jul 15, 2023
The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and ... more The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and their pure bioactive compounds against gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal pathogens. This study also estimated the polyphenolic contents present in different solvent extracts. A total of four solvent extracts of different polarities isolated from Andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive compounds were investigated against human pathogenic microbes. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations were assessed by the broth dilution assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated by using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and Aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Andrographolide and neoandrographolide both have significant antibacterial activities against all bacteria, but are completely inactive against Candida albicans. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against each microbe investigated in this study. Both diterpenoids and ethanolic extract were effective against Staphylococcus aureus. This study tried to conclude that most of the solvent extracts contain anti bacterial activity, but andrographlide and neoandrographolide are not the only antibacterial agents present in the crude of Andrographis paniculata and there are also other phytochemicals present which have great activity as an antifungal agent.
International journal of scientific research, 2017
Background-Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is one of the important factors that cause infertility in w... more Background-Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is one of the important factors that cause infertility in women. GTB is mostly asymptomatic in nature and infertility generates high suspicion for GTB in reproductive age. The object of this study was to compare the different methods to diagnose GTB in Infertile patients. Material and method-Women patients seeking diagnosis of infertility in the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynecology department during April 2016 to March2017 were included in this study. A total of 62 endometrial samples were processed by AFB smear microscopy, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert to diagnose the tuberculosis. Results-Out of 62 patients with infertility suspected of GTB, 26 were found to be positive either by AFB smear, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert. Only one sample was found to be positive by all methods. Fourteen samples to be found positive with both L-J culture and BACTEC culture methods. Conclusion-The study indicated that the old method of AFB smear is less sensitive when compared with the L-J culture and BACTEC culture. Although Genexpert have a high specicity and sensitivity but still there are limitations in the diagnosis of endometrial biopsy samples. This study suggest both liquid and solid culture have an important role in the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis.
The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and ... more The current study assesses the comparative potency of Andrographis paniculata crude extracts and their pure bioactive compounds against gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal pathogens. This study also estimated the polyphenolic contents present in different solvent extracts. A total of four solvent extracts of different polarities isolated from Andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive compounds were investigated against human pathogenic microbes. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations were assessed by the broth dilution assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated by using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and Aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Andrographolide and neoandrographolide both have significant antibacterial activities against all bacteria, but are completely inactive against Candida albicans. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against each microbe investigated ...
Background- Female Genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important cause of infertility but the data ... more Background- Female Genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important cause of infertility but the data of genital tuberculosis with the tubal factor infertility is still scattered. This study was designed to analyze the efficacy of different diagnostic methods for FGTB in different tubal pathology. Materials and methods- A total of 43 endometrial samples of women with tubal factor infertility were taken for the study during April 2016 to March 2017. Samples were sent by OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology for routine diagnosis. All 43 samples were subjected to different microbiological methods and Hysterosalpingographic nding were noted. Results- Out of 43 women with tubal factor infertility, ve were positive for TB by any of the method i.e. AFB smear, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert. Women with tubal occlusion were found to be TB positive in 2 samples. One sample was positive in all four methods and also found resistant to Rifampicin. Conclusion- Tubal factor infertility compris...
International journal of scientific research, 2017
BackgroundGenital tuberculosis (GTB) is one of the important factors that cause infertility in wo... more BackgroundGenital tuberculosis (GTB) is one of the important factors that cause infertility in women. GTB is mostly asymptomatic in nature and infertility generates high suspicion for GTB in reproductive age. The object of this study was to compare the different methods to diagnose GTB in Infertile patients. Material and methodWomen patients seeking diagnosis of infertility in the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynecology department during April 2016 to March2017 were included in this study. A total of 62 endometrial samples were processed by AFB smear microscopy, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert to diagnose the tuberculosis. ResultsOut of 62 patients with infertility suspected of GTB, 26 were found to be positive either by AFB smear, L-J culture, BACTEC culture and Genexpert. Only one sample was found to be positive by all methods. Fourteen samples to be found positive with both L-J culture and BACTEC culture methods. ConclusionThe study indicated that the old method of AFB smear is ...
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) can be asymptomatic or even masquerade as other gynecological ... more Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) can be asymptomatic or even masquerade as other gynecological conditions. Conventional methods of FGTB diagnosis include various imaging, bacteriological, molecular, and pathological techniques that are only positive in a small percentage of patients, leaving many cases with undiagnosed condition. In the absence of a perfect diagnostic method, composite reference standards (CRSs) have been advocated in this diagnostic study. This study assesses the agreement between traditional diagnostic modalities using CRS and prevalent TB groups among different fallopian tube infertility manifestations. A total of 86 women with primary and secondary infertility were included in the study and subjected to bacteriological, pathological, and radiological examination for the diagnosis of FGTB. Results were evaluated statistically for concordance of the diagnostic tests to the CRS by sensitivity and specificity, while PPV and NPV were calculated for the performance ...
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017
Background: To establish safety profile for oral use of a classical Ayurvedic Ghrita formulation ... more Background: To establish safety profile for oral use of a classical Ayurvedic Ghrita formulation indicated in menstrual disorder known as Vataj Artava Dushti recent scientific techniques were used to fulfill the criteria of WHO guidelines for herbal drug formulations like heavy metal content and microbial load estimation, chromatography and others physic- analytical characteristic.Methods: In the present study formulated ghrita sample was selected for estimation of refractive index, total ash value acid, iodine, saponification, loss on drying, PH, fat content, sugar content, heavy metals namely lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), acid value, iodine value, by ICP-MAS, TLC and HPTLC.Results: SEM- EDX shows presence of elements like Carbon, Oxygen and Aluminum, Lead, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc. Refractive index 1.459, total ash 12%, saponification technique 55.26, Iodine value 4.32, acid value 6.6, PH 5.23 Loss on drying 0.32 fat 76.58% and sugar content 13.37%, Mercury <10 ppb, Le...
Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as the “King of Bitters” has traditionally been used as a... more Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as the “King of Bitters” has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb. The metabolite composition of A. paniculata is generally determined by its properties, which may be influenced by a range of factors, one of which is the part of the plant extracted. The objective of this research is to identify and characterize the putative metabolite composition in n-hexane extract of stem and leaf using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 22 different phytobioconstituents were identified, including flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, quinones, alkaloids and vitamin. The pharmacokinetic properties of the identified phytobioconstituents, like drug-likeness and toxicity, were also predicted by ADME/Tox analysis. Phytobioconstituents, predicted to be drug-like can be further investigated as ligands by using in silico docking approaches, for disease targets. The study provides empirical evidence for future study that might lea...
Background: Maternal mortality is still a major challenge in developing countries but in our hosp... more Background: Maternal mortality is still a major challenge in developing countries but in our hospital, it touches the extreme height of MMR. The target of the study is to assess the cause of maternal mortality at Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Methods: Data collection was done from the patient maternal mortality records of hospital between 2013 to 2016. Study comprises only maternal mortality cases. Total 165 maternal deaths were included in this study. Results: Maternal mortality ratio is extremely high as compare to other studies. In an increasing trend, in the year 2015 MMR was highest. Moreover, we found direct causes accounted 77.5% of total maternal deaths Hypertensive disorders and eclampsia is the most frequent cause of deaths which represented 33.3%. We found a trend of increased MMR with Increased unbooked cases. 21.2% of total dead women couldn’t get beds in ICU because of not vacancy of beds and 18.8% of total women died due to non-af...
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a commonly prevalent endocrinopathy among reproductive age gr... more Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a commonly prevalent endocrinopathy among reproductive age group women, is most often associated with obesity. Increased insulin resistance appears to be the central pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for various complications of PCOS. This makes &#39;weight loss&#39; as the first-line treatment approach in PCOS. So various trials have tried to compare metformin (an insulin-sensitizing agent) and orlistat (an anti-obesity drug) aiming to achieve weight loss and hence higher ovulation rate for the group of obese PCOS patients. Keeping an eye on all these background facts, we designed this systematic review and metaanalysis to compare the effects of metformin and orlistat on various aspects of PCOS and to pick the better among the two drugs. This is a systemic review of randomized control trials that studied the effectiveness of orlistat versus metformin in terms of improvement in ovulation rate, weight loss, lipid profile, etc. Systematic literature search over the period January 2000-December 2016 was performed in the following electronic databases: Medline, embase, google scholar, pubmed and The Cochrane Library and only randomized controlled clinical trials were included in our study. All authors carefully went through all sources of information independently. According to this study, weight loss, testosterone level after 4 weeks of treatment, total serum cholesterol and triglyceride level showed significant fall in orlistat-treated group. Our review shows that orlistat is a more effective drug than metformin and should be the preferred drug in obese PCOS in combination with weight loss.
Heavy metals are natural component of earth and their over exploitation by man leads to
anthropog... more Heavy metals are natural component of earth and their over exploitation by man leads to anthropogenic introduction of these heavy metals in different ecosystems more or less in alarming level. In certain value they play vital role in metabolic process of living beings but when exceed from that limiting value they cause intoxication in living system. They have the tendency of bioaccumulation as well as biomagnifications within the food web in different ecosystems. Their persistence as a pollutant in air, water and soil with varying degree of concentrations to toxicity level ratio i.e. beyond regulatory limit is a matter of apprehension. In this article we have tried to describe the health issues in context of human beings related with exposure of certain heavy metals which are essential but have serious acute and chronic ill effect when consumed in different concentration frequently. Different Environmental protection agencies have their own guidelines regarding daily intake value of these heavy metals, and their intake/exposure beyond suggested regulatory limits have confirmed neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic immunotoxic, teratogenic effects on human beings as well as other organisms.
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Papers by Riden Saxena
anthropogenic introduction of these heavy metals in different ecosystems more or less in
alarming level. In certain value they play vital role in metabolic process of living beings but
when exceed from that limiting value they cause intoxication in living system. They have the
tendency of bioaccumulation as well as biomagnifications within the food web in different
ecosystems. Their persistence as a pollutant in air, water and soil with varying degree of
concentrations to toxicity level ratio i.e. beyond regulatory limit is a matter of apprehension. In
this article we have tried to describe the health issues in context of human beings related with
exposure of certain heavy metals which are essential but have serious acute and chronic ill effect
when consumed in different concentration frequently. Different Environmental protection
agencies have their own guidelines regarding daily intake value of these heavy metals, and their
intake/exposure beyond suggested regulatory limits have confirmed neurotoxic, hepatotoxic,
nephrotoxic immunotoxic, teratogenic effects on human beings as well as other organisms.
anthropogenic introduction of these heavy metals in different ecosystems more or less in
alarming level. In certain value they play vital role in metabolic process of living beings but
when exceed from that limiting value they cause intoxication in living system. They have the
tendency of bioaccumulation as well as biomagnifications within the food web in different
ecosystems. Their persistence as a pollutant in air, water and soil with varying degree of
concentrations to toxicity level ratio i.e. beyond regulatory limit is a matter of apprehension. In
this article we have tried to describe the health issues in context of human beings related with
exposure of certain heavy metals which are essential but have serious acute and chronic ill effect
when consumed in different concentration frequently. Different Environmental protection
agencies have their own guidelines regarding daily intake value of these heavy metals, and their
intake/exposure beyond suggested regulatory limits have confirmed neurotoxic, hepatotoxic,
nephrotoxic immunotoxic, teratogenic effects on human beings as well as other organisms.