English

Loanwords are words adopted by the speakers of one language from a different language (the source language). A loanword can also be called a borrowing. The abstract noun borrowing refers to the process of speakers adopting words from a source language into their native language. "Loan" and "borrowing" are of course metaphors, because there is no literal lending process. There is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to the source language. The words simply come to be used by a speech community that speaks a different language from the one these words originated in.

In Canada, the process of inventing the Canadian nation by its writers has been an on going process. Perhaps in no other country in recent history has the quest for national identity been such a major preoccupation for so long as it has been in Canada. In the post 1960's stage of the Canadian quest when the dialogue on identity crisis precipitates with a great deal of urgency and vehemence. There is a persistence of the forces and factors that have subverted the efforts to resolve the dilemma of identity. The quest of individuation of Margaret Laurence's heroines provides a metaphoric analogue to reckon with the sense of discontinuity and dislocation caused by the colonial experience in Canada. It engenders a sense of inadequacy and insufficiency which affected the acquisition of an adequate whole identity.

This paper seeks to explore allusions from the Bible as well as contemporary feminist and historical events which have populated Margaret Atwood's dystopic novel The Handmaid's Tale. A mere cursory reading makes us aware of so many events populated in the minds and speech of the protagonist and the things which happen to her. This much rated novel is a study of environmental concerns which need to be addressed seriously in the world today.

The relation between preoperative left ventricular muscle mass and clinical outcome of the Fontan procedure was evaluated retrospectively in 22 patients with tricuspid atresia who were selected for this physiologic surgical correction by conventional hemodynamic criteria. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (excellent or good outcome) and group B (poor outcome or death) based on the clinical course assessed up to 9.5 years postoperatively.

In the context of post-apartheid period, there have been certain measures introduced to have employment equity in South Africa. The integration of black leadership in a white dominant companies was one among them. The purpose of this study is to identify the critical success factors that influence black leadership integration as per the reform measures defined after post-apartheid period in South Africa. The overall research question guiding this study is: What are the critical success factors that influence black leadership integration in companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange? The quantitative correlation research design utilizes a pre-validated survey to access the success factors that influence black leadership integration. To address the research question, the independent variables – corporate culture, leadership style, diversity and strategic leadership behaviours – were correlated with three dependent variables - tenure (years of service), job satisfaction a...

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on the canonical trials of the Catholic Church due to the growing need to handle different types of trials namely marriage nullity trials, penal trials in the context of sexual abuse on the part of clergy and so on. Even though the number of cases is increasing all around the globe, there is no proportionate increase in the number of tribunal personnel to handle those cases, which led to long delays in executing justice to the faithful. However, the canonical reforms introduced by Pope Francis enabled ordinaries and hierarchs to handle those cases with limited tribunal personnel in an expeditious manner. For example, even though there were provisions for establishing sole judge tribunals for adjudicating marriage nullity cases, in order to make it possible the diocesan bishops and eparchial bishops were in need of an Apostolic indult or a special permission from the patriarch respectively prior to the canonical reforms made by Pope Francis. Nonetheless, the promulgation of motu proprio Mitis Et Misericors Iesus and motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus empowered eparchial bishops and diocesan bishops to establish sole judge tribunal in their respective dioceses and eparchies without special indults. This led to a growing body of literature which discusses the scope of different offices in the tribunal. However, the office of the assessor which is an indispensable part of a sole judge tribunal is being left untouched by canonists with very limited studies on it. This work is an attempt to go deeper into the scope and limitations of the office of the assessor.
This work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter examines the overall historical and legislative development of the office of the assessor as it is found in Civil law tradition, which has its roots in ancient Roman law. Then it considers the judicial role of the assessor in the ecclesiastical legal traditions, beginning with Corpus Iuris Canonici and tracing that tradition until the promulgation of Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium (CCEO) in 1990 with special reference to the procedural norms.
Chapter two considers the role of assessor in marriage nullity trials in the first instance from the view of CCEO with clear distinction between canons 1357-1377/CCEO prior to the promulgation of the motu proprio Mitis Et Misericors Iesus, and the same canons after the promulgation of Mitis Et Misericors Iesus. It also focuses on the role of assessor in Processus brevior or briefer matrimonial process which is the principal innovation in marriage nullity process made by motu proprio Mitis Et Misericors Iesus.
Chapter three considers the involvement of the assessor in penal trials especially preliminary investigation, administrative penal process and judicial penal process. Since the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches is silent on the questions regarding the time and manner of the submission of an assessor’s report in an adjudicated case, an analogous study between the assessor and the expert would resolve the aforementioned questions.
The greatest barrier faced in this work is the relative unavailability of materials dealing specifically with the subject matter. Therefore, the work is mainly focused on historical and legislative writings and available commentaries. Thus, the method employed is historical and analytical.
The role of assessor is not only limited to judicial matters but also in administrative and legislative areas of the Catholic Church. However, this work is mainly focused on the judicial role of the assessor in the Eparchial tribunals.