Engineerinmg

Epigenetic gold mineralization occurs in the Marmato mining district, within the Calima Terrain of the Setentrional Andes, Colombia. Regional rocks associated with this mineralization include: graphite-and chlorite-schists of the Arquia Complex; metamorphosed during the Cretaceous, Miocene sandstones, shales and conglomerates of the Amagá Formation; as well as pyroclastic rocks (clasts of basalt, andesites and mafic lavas) and subvolcanic andesitic/dacitic bodies of the Combia Formation (9 to 6 Ma). The subvolcanic Marmato stock hosts mesothermal and epithermal low-sulfidation Au-Ag ores in the form of distensional veins, stockwork, and quartz veinlets within brecciated zones. Ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite and galena with subordinate chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, argentite and native gold/electrum. Sericitized plagioclase from a porphyry dacite yielded a K-Ar age of 5.6± 0.6 Ma, interpreted as the age of ore deposition. This is in close agreement with the age of reactivation of the Cauca-Romeral Fault System (5.6 ± 0.4 Ma), which bounds the Calima Terrain. A porphyry andesite-dacite (6.7 ± 0.1 Ma), hosting the Au-Ag veins, shows a measured 87 Sr/ 86 Sr between 0.70440 and 0.70460, ε Nd between +2.

Executive Summary
Environmental pollution as a result of the dumping and non-biodegradability of junk plastics and tyres and the need to protect natural resources has informed researchers to delved into the addition of junk plastic and tyres into asphalt. The aim of this thesis is to carry out comparative or analytical analysis on successful projects that includes waste plastic and tyre into asphalt. by collecting data from various peer reviewed journals that have included many substances into asphalt and two projects in India and United Kingdom that included waste plastic into asphalt. It was discovered that the addition of waste plastic and tyre into asphalt possesses enriched physical attributes when juxtaposed to one lacking waste plastic and crumb rubber. Adding waste plastic and grains of rubber into asphalt will supply effective defiance to cracking, abate adulteration of land pollution and cause the cost of production of asphaltic pavement to be reduced.
Keywords: dry process, wet process; crumb rubber; plastic; mechanical properties