Engineering

A renewable energy plant which relies on wind speed or solar insolation is unreliable because of the stochastic nature of weather patterns. It is theorized that by using multiple renewable energy plants in separate areas of a region, the different weather conditions might approach a probabilistically independent relationship. The goal of this paper is to utilize the power system technology to help disseminate wind and solar power systems to get a stable energy. A new approach to get appropriate stable energy is achieved by using the interrupted energy that obtained from wind farm and solar insolation. This is achieved by lifting water to a higher level with appropriate pumps and storing it in the form of potential energy. Then a stable energy is obtained by reliving water to the lower level. In this paper, the efficiency obtained from the renewable energy is compared with that obtained from traditional ones. An experimental model to simulate the process of converting the renewable energy to a stable energy is presented. The obtained results from experimental model explained that the renewable energy can be converted to a stable one with high efficiency.

A real time, low complexity algorithm is developed to steer a planar patch antenna array beam to the maximum received signal strength (RSS) direction for communication link enhancement. The beam steering towards the maximum incoming signal direction is based on an iterative technique utilizing a set of RSS measurements taken from specific locations in the search space, these locations collectively form an ellipse. The algorithm is denoted as "elliptical peeking". It was simulated for a flying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as the vehicle tries to identify the maximum signal strength incoming direction of a stationary ground signal and it was tested on an embedded platform to validate its low demand for computational power. Such an algorithm is suitable for autonomous platforms due to its simplicity and low cost.

The impact of waste accumulation can be highly drastic for many communities in developing countries. In Egypt, the issue gets more challenging as there are no clearly-defined strategies for an efficient management of solid waste, which inflicts serious environmental risks on Egyptian communities and drains a considerable portion of the local economy. This study aims to improve solid waste management in Egypt by exploring the options by which solid waste can be sustainably managed, and reviewing international models of sustainable management systems. Eventually, a strategy is formulated for the sustainable management of solid waste on the local scale of Egypt.

Based on seismic interpretation, the time structure map on top of the Abu Roash D Member in the area of study within the Gindi Basin displays an NE-SW anticline plunging toward the NE intersected by two NE-SW reverse faults. This faulted anticline has been interpreted to have formed by the Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion resulting from the NW movement of the African Plate relative to Laurasia. This anticline creates a distinctive closure which may represent a possible structural hydrocarbon trap in the fractured limestone of the Abu Roash D Member in this area. Through well-logging analysis, the variable cementation exponent "m" has been calculated using the Pickett Plot for the available wells in order to examine the presence of fractures within the entire carbonate Abu Roash D Member. The calculated "m" for Abu Roash D in the two studied wells are 1.56 and 1.34 for SWQ-21 and SWQ-25; respectively which is indicative of the fractured limestone nature. The application of the correct "m" (1.56) instead of 2 (traditional for the intergranular carbonate) for SWQ-21 well has revealed that, the water saturation for the uppermost part of Abu Roash D Member is lower than 50% (normal cut off for carbonate) possessing high porosity and reflecting good reservoir quality. The cross-plot between Archie water saturation (Sw) and neutron porosity (FN) for the uppermost part of this Member follows hyperbola with low BVW (F*Sw) value (0.06) which means that the reservoir is at irreducible state. The visual inspection for the log curve shapes in addition to the application of the presented technique in SWQ-25 well shows that the entire carbonate of Abu Roash D Member is water producing (Sw>50%). These results indicate that the upperpost part of the Abu Roash D Member in well SWQ-21 is fractured limestone and highly promising for hydrocarbon exploration within the Gindi Basin.

The process of teaching and learning that contains both elements of naqli and aqli is very important to create a generation that develops from the diversity of knowledge which does not separate between religious and modern science knowledge. It is in accordance with the philosophy, vision and mission of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), the use of both naqli and aqli knowledges have been applied in chemistry course. Thus, this study is aimed at discovering the students' perceptions toward the integration of naqli and aqli in the teaching and learning of chemistry course at Tamhidi Centre in USIM. To achieve the objective of this study, data were collected using quantitative method through questionnaires from 106 of Tamhidi students consisting of the groups from Medicine, Dentistry and Science and Technology. Responses from those students provided positive insights as they have had well knowledge of the science of chemistry mentioned in al-Quran. The finding of this study revealed that every item has given a good result with mean score exceeds four. Majority of students agreed that they were able to relate the concept of chemistry with revelation knowledge through the integration of naqli and aqli in teaching and learning. It is also found that there is a need to expose the teachers to the best methods of delivering naqli and aqli knowledge in order to give clearer understanding among students. This is due to the success of integrating both of them depends on how far the knowledge is mastered by the teachers. Further studies can be conducted to identify the effectiveness of naqli and aqli's approach among students in modern science subjects.

This paperdescribes the research and development work being done at the AEP Service Corp. on digital computer applications in EHV substations. Relaying of transmission lines and other power system equipment, station alarm monitoring and data logging, oscillography, and supervisory control functions are considered for possible computer implementation. A new algorithm for computing the impedance as seen from the terminals of a faulted transmission line is presented. Results obtained with the new algorithm for faults simulated with a model transmission line are included in the paper. Field experience obtained from operating a minicomputer in an EHV substation is also described.