Journal of Epigraphy, Translation and Review is open to users and it is an 'open access' journal.... more Journal of Epigraphy, Translation and Review is open to users and it is an 'open access' journal. Users are able to read the full texts, to download, to copy, print and distribute without obtaining the permission of the editor and author(s). However, all references to the articles published in the ejournal Libri are to indicate through reference the source of the citation from this journal. Libri, is a peer-reviewed journal and the articles which have had their peer reviewing process completed will be published on the web-site (journal.phaselis.org) in the year of the journal's issue (e.g. Issue XI: January-December 2025). At the end of December 2025 the year's issue is completed.
Stamped amphorae and their stamps on them have been the subject of scientific studies for more th... more Stamped amphorae and their stamps on them have been the subject of scientific studies for more than a century, and the stamped amphorae found in both archaeological excavations and museum collections have been evaluated and brought to the literature. The three complete stamped Rhodian amphorae registered in the Güray Museum inventory are the subject of this study. The aim of the study is to date the amphorae and to determine the eponyms and fabricants on the stamps on their handles. In this study, on the first amphora, the eponym Aratophanes I and the month Artamitios and the fabricant Aristokles II; on the second the eponym Aleximachos and the month Thesmophorios and the fabricant Bromios; on the last one, the eponym Timodikos and the month Sminthios and the fabricant Nysios were detected together. In this study, new eponym-fabricant associations, which were not previously identified, were detected and the use of fabricant and eponym matrices/dies together was revealed. Thus, new contributions have been made to the understanding of the Rhodian amphora stamping system and its chronology.
Within the British Museum’s collection resides a complete stamped Rhodian amphora preserved in it... more Within the British Museum’s collection resides a complete stamped Rhodian amphora preserved in its entirety. On one handle of this amphora, the name of the eponym Ἀγέμαχος (c. 181/179 BC) with the month name Θεσμοφόριος is inscribed, while the other handle bears the name of the fabricant Νικαγίς (c. 184 – c. 144 BC). Until the publication of this article, the connection between the eponym Ἀγέμαχος and the fabricant Νικαγίς was unknown. Herein, we present for the fi rst time to the scholarly community, the relationship between the eponym and the fabricant. Amphorae with both handles preserved and bearing stamps elucidate the relationship between the eponyms and the fabricants. Identifying the eponyms associated with a fabricant is crucial for determining the activity period of the fabricant. Th is, in turn, aids in ascertaining the number of years a fabricant was active in amphora production. Moreover, stablishing the association between an eponym and a fabricant is of signifi cance for research on amphora stamps. Th is article aims to identify the names of the eponym and the fabricant on the stamps located on the two handles of a Rhodian amphora in the British Museum collection and to date these are based on the fi ndings. Due to the eponym Ἀγέμαχος, dated to c. 181/179 BC, the years c. 184 – c. 144 BC have been proposed for the dates when the producer Νικαγίς was active. The stamps on the handles of the subject amphora are pivotal in revealing a hitherto unknown connection between the eponym and the fabricant.
Phaselis is a harbour city located at the point where the Lykia, Pamphylia and Pisidia regions in... more Phaselis is a harbour city located at the point where the Lykia, Pamphylia and Pisidia regions intersect. During the surveys and excavations carried out between 2019 and 2023, a total of 18 stamped amphora handles were found at different points of the city-the Hellenistic Temple, Main Street and Necropolis. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to classify the stamped amphora handles according to their production centres, date the stamped handles, determine whether the names on the stamps refer to eponyms or fabricants, and improve understanding Phaselis' maritime trade relationships. As a result, in this study, the amphora stamps found in the city were classified according to their production centre: Rhodes (13), Rhodian Peraea (1), Knidos (1), Pamphylia (2), and Latin DR 2-4. While the earliest example of stamped handles can be dated back to the second quarter of the 3 rd century BC, the latest example is dated to the end of the 1 st century BC-1 st century AD.
Nisan ve Ekim ayında olmak üzere yılda iki kez basılmaktadır. TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM Sosyal Bilimler Ver... more Nisan ve Ekim ayında olmak üzere yılda iki kez basılmaktadır. TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM Sosyal Bilimler Veri Tabanlarında ve EBSCO Art & Architecture Ultimate'te taranmaktadır. Published tiwice a year in April and October. EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ'nin izni olmadan ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ'nin hiçbir bölümü kopya edilemez. Alıntı yapılması durumunda referans gösterilmelidir. Yazıların yasal sorumluluğu yazarlara aittir. It is not allowed to copy any section of ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ without the permit of EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ'ne gönderilen makaleler aşağıdaki web adresinde bu cildin son sayfalarında belirtilen formatlara uygun olduğu takdirde yayınlanacaktır. Articles should be written according to the guideline mentioned in the following web adress or on the last pages of this volume. ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ'nin yeni sayılarında yayınlanması istenen makaleler için yazışma adresi: Correspondance addresses for following submissions for ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ
The subject of this study is 34 stamped amphora handles found in the theater of the southern city... more The subject of this study is 34 stamped amphora handles found in the theater of the southern city of Myra and its harbor neighborhood of Andriake within the extent of the ongoing work in the Myra-Andriake excavations since 2009. Of these 30 were from the Hellenistic period, 1 from the Hellenistic-Roman periods, and 3 from the Roman Imperial-Late Antique periods. The aim of this article is to classify and date these amphora stamps according to their production centers, to determine whether the names on the stamps belong to the eponym or the fabricant, and to determine the commercial relations of Myra and Andriake.
The first of the handles belongs to a Rhodian amphora. It was found in
the filling layer under th... more The first of the handles belongs to a Rhodian amphora. It was found in the filling layer under the medieval wall foundation with code no. D1 in grid-square H4. The other handles belong to two Sinopean amphorae. The first of these was recovered from a pit associated with the Hellenistic (third) layer, again in grid-square H4. The second handle of the Sinope amphora was found in the J3 grid-square on the slope, from the blockage layer of a mostly destroyed flooring ruin.
Kültepe, which is located 21 km northeast of the city centre of Kayseri, appears as a city named... more Kültepe, which is located 21 km northeast of the city centre of Kayseri, appears as a city named Anisa within the borders of the Kingdom of Cappadocia during the Hellenistic Period. The subject of this article are 6 stamped amphora handle fragments found during the stratigraphic excavations of the Hellenistic Period settlement of Kültepe. Three of the fragments evaluated within the scope of this study were recovered during the excavations carried out in 1972, one in 2009 and the other two in 2022. As a result of these excavations, it was determined that two of the stamped amphora fragments belong to Thasos and four to Rhodes. The names of the eponyms Λεωμέδων (ca. 273 - ca. 256 BC) and Γόργος (ca. 226 - ca. 208 BC) were analysed on the Thasos amphora stamps. The stamp with the name of the eponym Λεωμέδων shows a bunch of grapes as a symbol, while the seal with the name of the eponym Γόργος shows a horn of fertility. Among the Rhodian amphora stamps, the names of Ἀριστόδαμος I (ca. 304 - ca. 271 BC) and Κλεώνυμος II (ca. 182 BC) among the eponyms, and Ἀριστοκράτης II (ca. 192 - c. 184 BC) and Νύσιος (169/167 BC - ca. 140-ca. 138 BC) among the producers were identified. The symbols on the Rhodian amphora stamps consist of a rose, a star and a statue.
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2020
A new research phase has been carried out since 2018 in Sillyon, an important city of Pamphylia. ... more A new research phase has been carried out since 2018 in Sillyon, an important city of Pamphylia. In the course of surveys a total of five amphora stamps were collected from the surface on the south slope and around the Hellenistic tower. Four of these stamps are of Rhodian origin whereas the origin of the last one could not be identified. In general, the Rhodian amphora stamps from Sillyon are attributed to a period from the second quarter of the second century BC to the end of the same century. These stamps are of importance for they cast light onto the commercial relations between Sillyon and Rhodos as well as onto the Hellenistic period history of the city.
Amphorae are stamped by production centers, especially in the Aegean Region. Stamps, which are ep... more Amphorae are stamped by production centers, especially in the Aegean Region. Stamps, which are epigraphic evidence, provide the date of the layer or context they were found by determining the origin of the amphorae and reveals the commercial relations between the production and consumption centers. There are many amphorae in the Edirne Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography. These amphorae are recorded in various ways in the inventory of the museum. It was determined that only five of the amphorae in the museum collection were stamped. This article aims to classify the stamped amphorae according to their production centers, to give a date to the stamped amphorae and to analyze the inscriptions on the stamps. In this study, seven stamps on five amphorae with preserved double handles were examined. Three of these stamps are Thasos and four are Rhodes. Only two of the Rhodesian stamps have been resolved. As a result of our investigations, it was determined that these stamped amphorae belonged to Thasos and Rhodes. The stamps have the names of the eponym and the producer, ethnicon and symbol. The date of the stamps that can be read within the scope of this article is determined by the names of the eponyms and producers. It is understood that the stamped amphorae here are generally from between the 4th – 2nd centuries BCE.
Ovalık Kilikia’nın merkezinde yer alan ve bölgenin en büyük höyüklerinden biri olan Tepebağ Höyük... more Ovalık Kilikia’nın merkezinde yer alan ve bölgenin en büyük höyüklerinden biri olan Tepebağ Höyük kazılarında saptanan Batı Anadolu kökenli seramikler bu makalenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Batı Anadolu’da üretilen ve en karakteristik seramik üsluplarından biri olan Orientalizan seramiklerden Kuzey Ionia ve Güney Ionia üretimi günlük kullanım kapları, Ionia kyliksleri ile ticari Amphoralardan oluşan bu seramikler MÖ 7. ve 6. yüzyıllara tarihlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile bu seramikler formlarına ve üretim alanlarına göre sınıflandırılmış, tarihlendirilmiş ve Tepebağ’ın Batı Anadolu ile Kilikia arasındaki ticari bağlantıdaki konumunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bilimsel olarak ilk kez değerlendirilen bu dönem seramikleri, Kilikia Bölgesi’nin denizaşırı bağlantılarına önemli ve yeni katkılar sunmaktadır.
These two volumes present the results of a group of researchers working on Late Roman coarse ware... more These two volumes present the results of a group of researchers working on Late Roman coarse wares, cooking wares and amphorae in the Mediterranean: archaeology and archaeometry (LRCW) that gathered in Alexandria in 2014 within the Centre d'Études Alexandrines. After initial encounters at Barcelona, Aix-en-Provence and Pisa, which highlighted productions of the western Mediterranean, the meeting in Thessaloniki launched an oriental approach that was continued in the Alexandrian gathering. The first volume is dedicated to discoveries and research in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Tunisia, Libya and Croatia, while the second looks more particularly at the contexts of the Black Sea, Greece, and especially Egypt, which is the subject of 14 contributions.
Adana/Tepebağ Höyük’te 2015-2016 kazı sezonunda bir adet Knidos ve on bir adet Rhodos olmak üzere... more Adana/Tepebağ Höyük’te 2015-2016 kazı sezonunda bir adet Knidos ve on bir adet Rhodos olmak üzere on iki adet amphora mührü ele geçmiştir. MÖ geç 4. yüzyıl – erken 3. yüzyıla tarihlenen Knidos buluntusu, höyükteki amphora mühürleri arasında en erkene ait örnektir. Bu mühürde Knidos sikkelerinde de görülen pruva sembolü yer almaktadır. Rhodos amphora mühürleri, MÖ 3. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreği ile MÖ 2. yüzyılın ortaları arasına tarihlenmektedir. Rhodos mühürleri üzerinde eponym (yönetici) ve üretici isimleri ile birlikte ay adları da görülmektedir. Höyükteki mühürler birkaç yönden önem taşımaktadırlar. Mühürler, Tepebağ yerleşiminin Hellenistik Dönem kanıtlarıdır. Höyüğün Hellenistik Dönem tabakalarının tarihlendirilmesi yanı sıra aynı zamanda yerleşimin ticari ilişkilerini de göstermektedir.
Twelve amphora stamps were found at Adana/Tepebağ Höyük during the 2015-2016 excavation season, one of them was Knidian type and eleven of them were Rhodian type. The Knidian one dating to the late 4th century - early 3rd century BC is the earliest one of the amphora stamps at the site. This stamp contains a ship’s prow emblem, which is also seen on the Knidian coins. Rhodian amphora stamps are dated between the second quarter of the 3rd century BC and the middle of the 2nd century BC. The name of the months are seen with the eponym’s and producer’s names on the Rhodian stamps. The amphora stamps found at Tepebağ Höyük are quite important in terms of revealing the presence of the Hellenistic period and dating its layers, as well as exhibiting the trade relationships of the site.
2014 yılında Knidos kazılarının eski ve yeni dönemlerinde bulunan amphora mühürleri ile ilgili bi... more 2014 yılında Knidos kazılarının eski ve yeni dönemlerinde bulunan amphora mühürleri ile ilgili bir bilimsel çalışma başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda Knidos kentinin farklı noktalarında ele geçen yaklaşık 1031 adet amphora mührü kataloglanmış ve metne işlenmiştir. Kentteki farklı üretim merkezlerine ait olan amphora mühürlerinin Hellenistik, Roma ve Geç Antik dönemlere tarihlendiği belirlenmiştir. Bu amphora mühürleri Khersonessos, Sinope, Akanthos–Amphipolis, Thasos, Miletos, Khios, Nikandros, Parmeniskos, Kos, Rhodos, Rhodos Peraiası, Mısır, Kyrenaika ve Knidos olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Ayrıca henüz kökeni belirlenemeyen mühürler de bulunmaktadır. Amphora mühürleri dışında, bazı mühürlü lagynos kulpları da saptanmıştır. Knidos’ta gerçekleştirilen bu bilimsel çalışmanın amacı, kentteki amphora mühürlerini tarihlemek, sınıflandırmak, Knidos’un ticari ilişkilerini saptamak ve tabaka veya kontekstler için tarihleme kriteri oluşturmaktır.
A study was started on about the all amphora stamps found in the old and new periods of the Knidos excavations in 2014. In this context, approximately 1031 amphora stamps found at different points of Knidos were cataloged and inscribed. The amphora stamps belonging to different production centers were dated to Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antiquity. These amphora stamps are classified as Khersonessos, Sinope, Akanthos – Amphipolis, Thasos, Miletus, Chios, Nikandros, Parmeniskos, Kos, Rhodos, Rhodos Peraias, Egypt, Kyrenaika and Knidos. There are also stamps whose origins have not yet been determined. Apart from the amphora stamps, some stamped lagynos handles were also found. The purpose of this study was to date and classify the amphora stamps in the city, to determine the commercial relations of Knidos and to establish the dating criteria for stratigraphy or contexts.
Journal of Epigraphy, Translation and Review is open to users and it is an 'open access' journal.... more Journal of Epigraphy, Translation and Review is open to users and it is an 'open access' journal. Users are able to read the full texts, to download, to copy, print and distribute without obtaining the permission of the editor and author(s). However, all references to the articles published in the ejournal Libri are to indicate through reference the source of the citation from this journal. Libri, is a peer-reviewed journal and the articles which have had their peer reviewing process completed will be published on the web-site (journal.phaselis.org) in the year of the journal's issue (e.g. Issue XI: January-December 2025). At the end of December 2025 the year's issue is completed.
Stamped amphorae and their stamps on them have been the subject of scientific studies for more th... more Stamped amphorae and their stamps on them have been the subject of scientific studies for more than a century, and the stamped amphorae found in both archaeological excavations and museum collections have been evaluated and brought to the literature. The three complete stamped Rhodian amphorae registered in the Güray Museum inventory are the subject of this study. The aim of the study is to date the amphorae and to determine the eponyms and fabricants on the stamps on their handles. In this study, on the first amphora, the eponym Aratophanes I and the month Artamitios and the fabricant Aristokles II; on the second the eponym Aleximachos and the month Thesmophorios and the fabricant Bromios; on the last one, the eponym Timodikos and the month Sminthios and the fabricant Nysios were detected together. In this study, new eponym-fabricant associations, which were not previously identified, were detected and the use of fabricant and eponym matrices/dies together was revealed. Thus, new contributions have been made to the understanding of the Rhodian amphora stamping system and its chronology.
Within the British Museum’s collection resides a complete stamped Rhodian amphora preserved in it... more Within the British Museum’s collection resides a complete stamped Rhodian amphora preserved in its entirety. On one handle of this amphora, the name of the eponym Ἀγέμαχος (c. 181/179 BC) with the month name Θεσμοφόριος is inscribed, while the other handle bears the name of the fabricant Νικαγίς (c. 184 – c. 144 BC). Until the publication of this article, the connection between the eponym Ἀγέμαχος and the fabricant Νικαγίς was unknown. Herein, we present for the fi rst time to the scholarly community, the relationship between the eponym and the fabricant. Amphorae with both handles preserved and bearing stamps elucidate the relationship between the eponyms and the fabricants. Identifying the eponyms associated with a fabricant is crucial for determining the activity period of the fabricant. Th is, in turn, aids in ascertaining the number of years a fabricant was active in amphora production. Moreover, stablishing the association between an eponym and a fabricant is of signifi cance for research on amphora stamps. Th is article aims to identify the names of the eponym and the fabricant on the stamps located on the two handles of a Rhodian amphora in the British Museum collection and to date these are based on the fi ndings. Due to the eponym Ἀγέμαχος, dated to c. 181/179 BC, the years c. 184 – c. 144 BC have been proposed for the dates when the producer Νικαγίς was active. The stamps on the handles of the subject amphora are pivotal in revealing a hitherto unknown connection between the eponym and the fabricant.
Phaselis is a harbour city located at the point where the Lykia, Pamphylia and Pisidia regions in... more Phaselis is a harbour city located at the point where the Lykia, Pamphylia and Pisidia regions intersect. During the surveys and excavations carried out between 2019 and 2023, a total of 18 stamped amphora handles were found at different points of the city-the Hellenistic Temple, Main Street and Necropolis. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to classify the stamped amphora handles according to their production centres, date the stamped handles, determine whether the names on the stamps refer to eponyms or fabricants, and improve understanding Phaselis' maritime trade relationships. As a result, in this study, the amphora stamps found in the city were classified according to their production centre: Rhodes (13), Rhodian Peraea (1), Knidos (1), Pamphylia (2), and Latin DR 2-4. While the earliest example of stamped handles can be dated back to the second quarter of the 3 rd century BC, the latest example is dated to the end of the 1 st century BC-1 st century AD.
Nisan ve Ekim ayında olmak üzere yılda iki kez basılmaktadır. TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM Sosyal Bilimler Ver... more Nisan ve Ekim ayında olmak üzere yılda iki kez basılmaktadır. TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM Sosyal Bilimler Veri Tabanlarında ve EBSCO Art & Architecture Ultimate'te taranmaktadır. Published tiwice a year in April and October. EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ'nin izni olmadan ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ'nin hiçbir bölümü kopya edilemez. Alıntı yapılması durumunda referans gösterilmelidir. Yazıların yasal sorumluluğu yazarlara aittir. It is not allowed to copy any section of ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ without the permit of EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ'ne gönderilen makaleler aşağıdaki web adresinde bu cildin son sayfalarında belirtilen formatlara uygun olduğu takdirde yayınlanacaktır. Articles should be written according to the guideline mentioned in the following web adress or on the last pages of this volume. ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ'nin yeni sayılarında yayınlanması istenen makaleler için yazışma adresi: Correspondance addresses for following submissions for ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ
The subject of this study is 34 stamped amphora handles found in the theater of the southern city... more The subject of this study is 34 stamped amphora handles found in the theater of the southern city of Myra and its harbor neighborhood of Andriake within the extent of the ongoing work in the Myra-Andriake excavations since 2009. Of these 30 were from the Hellenistic period, 1 from the Hellenistic-Roman periods, and 3 from the Roman Imperial-Late Antique periods. The aim of this article is to classify and date these amphora stamps according to their production centers, to determine whether the names on the stamps belong to the eponym or the fabricant, and to determine the commercial relations of Myra and Andriake.
The first of the handles belongs to a Rhodian amphora. It was found in
the filling layer under th... more The first of the handles belongs to a Rhodian amphora. It was found in the filling layer under the medieval wall foundation with code no. D1 in grid-square H4. The other handles belong to two Sinopean amphorae. The first of these was recovered from a pit associated with the Hellenistic (third) layer, again in grid-square H4. The second handle of the Sinope amphora was found in the J3 grid-square on the slope, from the blockage layer of a mostly destroyed flooring ruin.
Kültepe, which is located 21 km northeast of the city centre of Kayseri, appears as a city named... more Kültepe, which is located 21 km northeast of the city centre of Kayseri, appears as a city named Anisa within the borders of the Kingdom of Cappadocia during the Hellenistic Period. The subject of this article are 6 stamped amphora handle fragments found during the stratigraphic excavations of the Hellenistic Period settlement of Kültepe. Three of the fragments evaluated within the scope of this study were recovered during the excavations carried out in 1972, one in 2009 and the other two in 2022. As a result of these excavations, it was determined that two of the stamped amphora fragments belong to Thasos and four to Rhodes. The names of the eponyms Λεωμέδων (ca. 273 - ca. 256 BC) and Γόργος (ca. 226 - ca. 208 BC) were analysed on the Thasos amphora stamps. The stamp with the name of the eponym Λεωμέδων shows a bunch of grapes as a symbol, while the seal with the name of the eponym Γόργος shows a horn of fertility. Among the Rhodian amphora stamps, the names of Ἀριστόδαμος I (ca. 304 - ca. 271 BC) and Κλεώνυμος II (ca. 182 BC) among the eponyms, and Ἀριστοκράτης II (ca. 192 - c. 184 BC) and Νύσιος (169/167 BC - ca. 140-ca. 138 BC) among the producers were identified. The symbols on the Rhodian amphora stamps consist of a rose, a star and a statue.
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2020
A new research phase has been carried out since 2018 in Sillyon, an important city of Pamphylia. ... more A new research phase has been carried out since 2018 in Sillyon, an important city of Pamphylia. In the course of surveys a total of five amphora stamps were collected from the surface on the south slope and around the Hellenistic tower. Four of these stamps are of Rhodian origin whereas the origin of the last one could not be identified. In general, the Rhodian amphora stamps from Sillyon are attributed to a period from the second quarter of the second century BC to the end of the same century. These stamps are of importance for they cast light onto the commercial relations between Sillyon and Rhodos as well as onto the Hellenistic period history of the city.
Amphorae are stamped by production centers, especially in the Aegean Region. Stamps, which are ep... more Amphorae are stamped by production centers, especially in the Aegean Region. Stamps, which are epigraphic evidence, provide the date of the layer or context they were found by determining the origin of the amphorae and reveals the commercial relations between the production and consumption centers. There are many amphorae in the Edirne Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography. These amphorae are recorded in various ways in the inventory of the museum. It was determined that only five of the amphorae in the museum collection were stamped. This article aims to classify the stamped amphorae according to their production centers, to give a date to the stamped amphorae and to analyze the inscriptions on the stamps. In this study, seven stamps on five amphorae with preserved double handles were examined. Three of these stamps are Thasos and four are Rhodes. Only two of the Rhodesian stamps have been resolved. As a result of our investigations, it was determined that these stamped amphorae belonged to Thasos and Rhodes. The stamps have the names of the eponym and the producer, ethnicon and symbol. The date of the stamps that can be read within the scope of this article is determined by the names of the eponyms and producers. It is understood that the stamped amphorae here are generally from between the 4th – 2nd centuries BCE.
Ovalık Kilikia’nın merkezinde yer alan ve bölgenin en büyük höyüklerinden biri olan Tepebağ Höyük... more Ovalık Kilikia’nın merkezinde yer alan ve bölgenin en büyük höyüklerinden biri olan Tepebağ Höyük kazılarında saptanan Batı Anadolu kökenli seramikler bu makalenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Batı Anadolu’da üretilen ve en karakteristik seramik üsluplarından biri olan Orientalizan seramiklerden Kuzey Ionia ve Güney Ionia üretimi günlük kullanım kapları, Ionia kyliksleri ile ticari Amphoralardan oluşan bu seramikler MÖ 7. ve 6. yüzyıllara tarihlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile bu seramikler formlarına ve üretim alanlarına göre sınıflandırılmış, tarihlendirilmiş ve Tepebağ’ın Batı Anadolu ile Kilikia arasındaki ticari bağlantıdaki konumunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bilimsel olarak ilk kez değerlendirilen bu dönem seramikleri, Kilikia Bölgesi’nin denizaşırı bağlantılarına önemli ve yeni katkılar sunmaktadır.
These two volumes present the results of a group of researchers working on Late Roman coarse ware... more These two volumes present the results of a group of researchers working on Late Roman coarse wares, cooking wares and amphorae in the Mediterranean: archaeology and archaeometry (LRCW) that gathered in Alexandria in 2014 within the Centre d'Études Alexandrines. After initial encounters at Barcelona, Aix-en-Provence and Pisa, which highlighted productions of the western Mediterranean, the meeting in Thessaloniki launched an oriental approach that was continued in the Alexandrian gathering. The first volume is dedicated to discoveries and research in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Tunisia, Libya and Croatia, while the second looks more particularly at the contexts of the Black Sea, Greece, and especially Egypt, which is the subject of 14 contributions.
Adana/Tepebağ Höyük’te 2015-2016 kazı sezonunda bir adet Knidos ve on bir adet Rhodos olmak üzere... more Adana/Tepebağ Höyük’te 2015-2016 kazı sezonunda bir adet Knidos ve on bir adet Rhodos olmak üzere on iki adet amphora mührü ele geçmiştir. MÖ geç 4. yüzyıl – erken 3. yüzyıla tarihlenen Knidos buluntusu, höyükteki amphora mühürleri arasında en erkene ait örnektir. Bu mühürde Knidos sikkelerinde de görülen pruva sembolü yer almaktadır. Rhodos amphora mühürleri, MÖ 3. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreği ile MÖ 2. yüzyılın ortaları arasına tarihlenmektedir. Rhodos mühürleri üzerinde eponym (yönetici) ve üretici isimleri ile birlikte ay adları da görülmektedir. Höyükteki mühürler birkaç yönden önem taşımaktadırlar. Mühürler, Tepebağ yerleşiminin Hellenistik Dönem kanıtlarıdır. Höyüğün Hellenistik Dönem tabakalarının tarihlendirilmesi yanı sıra aynı zamanda yerleşimin ticari ilişkilerini de göstermektedir.
Twelve amphora stamps were found at Adana/Tepebağ Höyük during the 2015-2016 excavation season, one of them was Knidian type and eleven of them were Rhodian type. The Knidian one dating to the late 4th century - early 3rd century BC is the earliest one of the amphora stamps at the site. This stamp contains a ship’s prow emblem, which is also seen on the Knidian coins. Rhodian amphora stamps are dated between the second quarter of the 3rd century BC and the middle of the 2nd century BC. The name of the months are seen with the eponym’s and producer’s names on the Rhodian stamps. The amphora stamps found at Tepebağ Höyük are quite important in terms of revealing the presence of the Hellenistic period and dating its layers, as well as exhibiting the trade relationships of the site.
2014 yılında Knidos kazılarının eski ve yeni dönemlerinde bulunan amphora mühürleri ile ilgili bi... more 2014 yılında Knidos kazılarının eski ve yeni dönemlerinde bulunan amphora mühürleri ile ilgili bir bilimsel çalışma başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda Knidos kentinin farklı noktalarında ele geçen yaklaşık 1031 adet amphora mührü kataloglanmış ve metne işlenmiştir. Kentteki farklı üretim merkezlerine ait olan amphora mühürlerinin Hellenistik, Roma ve Geç Antik dönemlere tarihlendiği belirlenmiştir. Bu amphora mühürleri Khersonessos, Sinope, Akanthos–Amphipolis, Thasos, Miletos, Khios, Nikandros, Parmeniskos, Kos, Rhodos, Rhodos Peraiası, Mısır, Kyrenaika ve Knidos olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Ayrıca henüz kökeni belirlenemeyen mühürler de bulunmaktadır. Amphora mühürleri dışında, bazı mühürlü lagynos kulpları da saptanmıştır. Knidos’ta gerçekleştirilen bu bilimsel çalışmanın amacı, kentteki amphora mühürlerini tarihlemek, sınıflandırmak, Knidos’un ticari ilişkilerini saptamak ve tabaka veya kontekstler için tarihleme kriteri oluşturmaktır.
A study was started on about the all amphora stamps found in the old and new periods of the Knidos excavations in 2014. In this context, approximately 1031 amphora stamps found at different points of Knidos were cataloged and inscribed. The amphora stamps belonging to different production centers were dated to Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antiquity. These amphora stamps are classified as Khersonessos, Sinope, Akanthos – Amphipolis, Thasos, Miletus, Chios, Nikandros, Parmeniskos, Kos, Rhodos, Rhodos Peraias, Egypt, Kyrenaika and Knidos. There are also stamps whose origins have not yet been determined. Apart from the amphora stamps, some stamped lagynos handles were also found. The purpose of this study was to date and classify the amphora stamps in the city, to determine the commercial relations of Knidos and to establish the dating criteria for stratigraphy or contexts.
The imported amphora stamps found in the excavations at Assos between the years 1981-2020 are pre... more The imported amphora stamps found in the excavations at Assos between the years 1981-2020 are presented in this book. The earliest publication on the amphora stamps from Assos was by N. Kramer (Kramer 1993, 187-198) in 1993. In his article he introduced 28 stamped amphora handles originated from Rhodes, Knidos, Rhodian Peraea, Thasos, Khios. Stamps belonging to the Groups of Parmeniskos and Nikandros, and a stamp of a Latin amphora and one stamp of unknown origin were also among the finds from the Necropolis. In 2007, 48 amphora stamps from the city was published by G. Cankardeş-Şenol (Cankardeş-Şenol 2007a, 109-131). In this article, the stamps were identified belonging to the amphorae of Rhodes, Knidos, Thasos, Khios, Sinope, the Groups of Parmeniskos and Nikandros. Apart from these finds, others were suggested to be originated from Abydos, Ainos and some centers from the northwestern Anatolia. The recent study on the amphora stamps from Assos was by O. Tuncer in an unpublished master thesis in 2019 with the presentation of 93 amphora stamps (Tuncer 2019). In this book, including above mentioned stamps and the newly found ones, 141 stamped handles are presented. Besides there are lagynos or a small amphora stamps, a stamp on a stroter, and a finger print on an amphora handle and a kind of incused decoration on a handle of an amphora or a jar with one handle. These handles and the other stamped material, totaly 146 pieces, are the finds from the excavations at Agora, Necropolis, Theater, North Stoa and from the surface in various parts of the ancient city. The western Necropolis is the area where the numerous amphora stamps have been obtained. 94 examples (65 %) have been attested in this site. Secondly, 25 handles (17 %) have unearthed during the excavations at Agora. Among them 13 handles are the finds from the well. 11 stamps (8 %) are from the Theater, 5 (3 %) from the North Stoa, one (1 %) from the ancient road and one (1 %) from the Acropolis. 9 finds (6 %) have been found on the surface in the city. The dentisty of finds (with 42 stamped handles) is originated from Knidos. The second huge group is Thasos. Equally, Rhodian stamped handles have been attested at Assos with 25 handles including a stamp on a lagynos. Amphora stamps of other centers are from the Rhodian Peraea (3), Khios (5), Paros (3), Sinope (2), Abydos (1), Groups of Alkanor (5), Parmeniskos (5), Nikandros (4) and Bakkhios (2). Three gemme stamps have been identified among the finds. Four examples are suggested to belong to the amphorae produced in the unknown centers in the northwestern Anatolia. Only two examples with latin inscriptions are identified among the stamped handles. The diversity of the products imported to Assos, proves its active commercial relations during the Hellenistic Period. It is understood that the products reached Assos from the centers in the south and the north of Aegean in different phases of the Hellenistic Period. Despite its regional proximity, it is seen by means of the finds from the excavations carried out to date in the city that the products from the Black Sea region, except for Sinopean examples, did not reach the city or the products of this region were not prefered in the city. This indicates that the commercial ties between Assos and the Black Sea centers are not very intense, at least on the basis of wine supply and sales. Thasian products dated by the beginning of the Hellenistic Period until the end of the 3rd century BC, were seized in a substantial amount at Assos. Considering its geographical proximity, it is not surprising that Thasian products were imported by the city. In addition, in this period Thasian products were intensively exported to the centers in the north of Aegean Sea and Assos was also one of the centers where Thasian products were abundantly preferred. By the late 4th-early 3rd centuries BC, Rhodian and Knidian products began to appear in the Mediterranean markets. The relations of Assos with these centers which produced cheap wines, also began in this period. The concentration of the products of Knidos at Assos was firstly because of their geographical proximity but mainly because of the dominance of Knidos in the Aegean markets. As a matter of fact, in Athens and Delos, the ratio of Knidian amphora stamps is known to be much more in comparison with Rhodian samples. It is seen that Rhodes and Knidos, which were rivals in wine production and trade, shared the markets. Knidos appears to be exporting products mostly to the centers in the north while Rhodes, considering its close relations with the Ptolemies, mainly sold its products to the centers in Egypt and Levant. Finally, it is documented that the products of almost all known wine producing centers were consumed at Assos during the Hellenistic Period, but therewithal local products were also prefered in the city. This result demonstrates that Assos had commercial connections with many well known and small wine production centers in this period.
Troas Bölgesi’nin kuzeyinde bir liman kenti konumundaki Parion’da 64 adet amphora ve 1 adet lagyn... more Troas Bölgesi’nin kuzeyinde bir liman kenti konumundaki Parion’da 64 adet amphora ve 1 adet lagynos mühürü bulunmuştur. Parion’da en erkene tarihlenen amphora mühürleri, MÖ 6. yüzyılın sonu – 5. yüzyıla aittir. Parion’daki mühürlerin çoğunluğu özellikle Hellenistik Dönem’in farklı yüzyıllarına tarihlenmektedir. Ayrıca burada Roma, Erken Bizans/Geç Antik ve Orta Bizans Dönemleri’ne ait mühürler de bulunmuştur. Parion’daki amphora mühürleri sayısal açıdan çok fazla değildir. Buna karşın kentteki mühürler, kökenlerine göre sınıflandırıldıklarında zengin bir çeşitlilikle karşılaşılmaktadır. Kuzey Ege, Güney Ege, Batı Anadolu, Kıbrıs ve Karadeniz kökenli amphora mühürleri, Parion’un canlı ticari yaşamı ile ilgili bilgiler aktarmaktadır. Farklı üretim merkezlerinin amphoralarının Parion’da bulunmalarının temel nedeni, kentin Ege ile Karadeniz arasındaki bağlantı bölgesinde aktif bir liman kenti olmasıyla ilişkilidir.
The amphora stamp found on the surface of the agora of Tripolis, which depicts the scene of Perse... more The amphora stamp found on the surface of the agora of Tripolis, which depicts the scene of Persephone’s abduction to the underworld by Hades, is significant in several respects. Below the mythological representation, some letters of the name Hierapolis – [Ιε]ραπο[λɛιτων], - are preserved. This subject, which is also treated on the coins of other cities of the ancient world, is also depicted on the Roman Imperial period coins of Hierapolis in Phrygia. Precisely the existence of this mythological scene on the Hierapolis coins and the inscription on the amphora stamp are the most important proof that the amphora found in Tripolis was produced in the nearby city of Hierapolis. During the Hierapolis excavations, no kilns, pottery dump layers or faulty potteries have yet been found, with regard to the production of amphorae in the Roman Imperial period. On the other hand, in previous studies it has been emphasized that the most significant cities of the region, Tripolis, Hierapolis and Laodikeia, have produced ceramics since the Hellenistic period, and that they had a common ground regarding such production.
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the filling layer under the medieval wall foundation with code no. D1 in
grid-square H4. The other handles belong to two Sinopean amphorae. The
first of these was recovered from a pit associated with the Hellenistic (third) layer, again in grid-square H4. The second handle of the Sinope amphora was found in the J3 grid-square on the slope, from the blockage layer of a mostly destroyed flooring ruin.
Twelve amphora stamps were found at Adana/Tepebağ Höyük during the 2015-2016 excavation season, one of them was Knidian type and eleven of them were Rhodian type. The Knidian one dating to the late 4th century - early 3rd century BC is the earliest one of the amphora stamps at the site. This stamp contains a ship’s prow emblem, which is also seen on the Knidian coins. Rhodian amphora stamps are dated between the second quarter of the 3rd century BC and the middle of the 2nd century BC. The name of the months are seen with the eponym’s and producer’s names on the Rhodian stamps. The amphora stamps found at Tepebağ Höyük are quite important in terms of revealing the presence of the Hellenistic period and dating its layers, as well as exhibiting the trade relationships of the site.
A study was started on about the all amphora stamps found in the old and new periods of the Knidos excavations in 2014. In this context, approximately 1031 amphora stamps found at different points of Knidos were cataloged and inscribed. The amphora stamps belonging to different production centers were dated to Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antiquity. These amphora stamps are classified as Khersonessos, Sinope, Akanthos – Amphipolis, Thasos, Miletus, Chios, Nikandros, Parmeniskos, Kos, Rhodos, Rhodos Peraias, Egypt, Kyrenaika and Knidos. There are also stamps whose origins have not yet been determined. Apart from the amphora stamps, some stamped lagynos handles were also found. The purpose of this study was to date and classify the amphora stamps in the city, to determine the commercial relations of Knidos and to establish the dating criteria for stratigraphy or contexts.
the filling layer under the medieval wall foundation with code no. D1 in
grid-square H4. The other handles belong to two Sinopean amphorae. The
first of these was recovered from a pit associated with the Hellenistic (third) layer, again in grid-square H4. The second handle of the Sinope amphora was found in the J3 grid-square on the slope, from the blockage layer of a mostly destroyed flooring ruin.
Twelve amphora stamps were found at Adana/Tepebağ Höyük during the 2015-2016 excavation season, one of them was Knidian type and eleven of them were Rhodian type. The Knidian one dating to the late 4th century - early 3rd century BC is the earliest one of the amphora stamps at the site. This stamp contains a ship’s prow emblem, which is also seen on the Knidian coins. Rhodian amphora stamps are dated between the second quarter of the 3rd century BC and the middle of the 2nd century BC. The name of the months are seen with the eponym’s and producer’s names on the Rhodian stamps. The amphora stamps found at Tepebağ Höyük are quite important in terms of revealing the presence of the Hellenistic period and dating its layers, as well as exhibiting the trade relationships of the site.
A study was started on about the all amphora stamps found in the old and new periods of the Knidos excavations in 2014. In this context, approximately 1031 amphora stamps found at different points of Knidos were cataloged and inscribed. The amphora stamps belonging to different production centers were dated to Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antiquity. These amphora stamps are classified as Khersonessos, Sinope, Akanthos – Amphipolis, Thasos, Miletus, Chios, Nikandros, Parmeniskos, Kos, Rhodos, Rhodos Peraias, Egypt, Kyrenaika and Knidos. There are also stamps whose origins have not yet been determined. Apart from the amphora stamps, some stamped lagynos handles were also found. The purpose of this study was to date and classify the amphora stamps in the city, to determine the commercial relations of Knidos and to establish the dating criteria for stratigraphy or contexts.
The diversity of the products imported to Assos, proves its active commercial relations during the Hellenistic Period. It is understood that the products reached Assos from the centers in the south and the north of Aegean in different phases of the Hellenistic Period. Despite its regional proximity, it is seen by means of the finds from the excavations carried out to date in the city that the products from the Black Sea region, except for Sinopean examples, did not reach the city or the products of this region were not prefered in the city. This indicates that the commercial ties between Assos and the Black Sea centers are not very intense, at least on the basis of wine supply and sales. Thasian products dated by the beginning of the Hellenistic Period until the end of the 3rd century BC, were seized in a substantial amount at Assos. Considering its geographical proximity, it is not surprising that Thasian products were imported by the city. In addition, in this period Thasian products were intensively exported to the centers in the north of Aegean Sea and Assos was also one of the centers where Thasian products were abundantly preferred. By the late 4th-early 3rd centuries BC, Rhodian and Knidian products began to appear in the Mediterranean markets. The relations of Assos with these centers which produced cheap wines, also began in this period. The concentration of the products of Knidos at Assos was firstly because of their geographical proximity but mainly because of the dominance of Knidos in the Aegean markets. As a matter of fact, in Athens and Delos, the ratio of Knidian amphora stamps is known to be much more in comparison with Rhodian samples. It is seen that Rhodes and Knidos, which were rivals in wine production and trade, shared the markets. Knidos appears to be exporting products mostly to the centers in the north while Rhodes, considering its close relations with the Ptolemies, mainly sold its products to the centers in Egypt and Levant. Finally, it is documented that the products of almost all known wine producing centers were consumed at Assos during the Hellenistic Period, but therewithal local products were also prefered in the city. This result demonstrates that Assos had commercial connections with many well known and small wine production centers in this period.
This subject, which is also treated on the coins of other cities of the ancient world, is also depicted on the Roman Imperial period coins of Hierapolis in Phrygia. Precisely the existence of this mythological scene on the Hierapolis coins and the inscription on the amphora stamp are
the most important proof that the amphora found in Tripolis was produced in the nearby city of Hierapolis. During the Hierapolis excavations, no kilns, pottery dump layers or faulty potteries have yet been found, with regard to the production of amphorae in the Roman Imperial period. On the other hand, in previous studies it has been emphasized that the most significant cities of the region, Tripolis, Hierapolis and Laodikeia, have produced ceramics since the Hellenistic period, and that they had a common ground regarding such production.