This research combines work in memory, retrieval practice, and depth of processing research. This... more This research combines work in memory, retrieval practice, and depth of processing research. This work aims to identify how the format and depth of a retrieval practice item can be manipulated to increase the effort required to successfully recall or formulate an answer, with the hypothesis that if the effort required to answer an item is increased there will be more benefit to learning. This hypothesis stems from work on desirable difficulties and the effortful retrieval hypothesis. Our data source was an experiment that used a 2 (question depth: factual, applied) x 2 (answer format: multiple choice, short answer) between-subjects design to investigate the effects of these conditions on retrieval practice performance. The experiment was delivered online though Mechanical Turk (n = 178). A logistic regression predicting performance during practice indicates that participants get more (in terms of an increase in future predicted success) from successful retrievals of items that fall within the more difficult level of both the format and depth factors (i.e., short answer and applied). There is also some support that the benefit from multiple choice items may be increased by asking deeper, more applied questions. The application of these results to scheduling effective practice is discussed.
Energy can be either transferred or conserv . Energy can be transferred via , which is the transf... more Energy can be either transferred or conserv . Energy can be transferred via , which is the transfer of energy resulting from a acting through a distance, or heat.
This research investigated key factors in learning conceptual material about statistics, and test... more This research investigated key factors in learning conceptual material about statistics, and tested the effect of variability during retrieval practice. The goal was to build a model of learning for schedule-based interventions. Participants (n = 230) completed multiple reading and test trials with fill in the blank sentences about basic statistics concepts. The experiment was a 2 (trial type: read or drill) x 3 (learning trial spacing: wide medium, or narrow) x 2 (fill-in term during learning: variable or constant) x 2 (fill-in term during posttest: variable or constant) within-subjects design. The model of the results captures the data with recent and long-term components to explain posttest transfer and the testing and spacing effects. These results, and data on the conceptual confusions amongst statistical terms, are discussed with respect to implications for future intelligent learning systems.
Semantic network theories of knowledge organization support the idea that recall of organized inf... more Semantic network theories of knowledge organization support the idea that recall of organized information depends on how well a learner encodes the connections between the items in the semantic network. However, there is need for more research into what this implies for configuring instruction so that strong semantic network learning is supported with the goal of creating an integrated mental model in the student's mind. We investigate this question in the context of map learning, where country names are encoded relative to geographic border, internal features, or external features. The main hypothesis was that external features as cues would encourage transfer, since students would practice a network of relationships. The results primarily supported a theory of "cue reinstatement", where transfer occurred when cues present at learning were present at testing. These effects were analyzed with a mixed effects logistic regression learner model of trial-by-trial learning.
Energy can be either transferred or conserv . Energy can be transferred via , which is the transf... more Energy can be either transferred or conserv . Energy can be transferred via , which is the transfer of energy resulting from a acting through a distance, or heat.
Concept mapping is a tool used in many classrooms and highly researched in the field of education... more Concept mapping is a tool used in many classrooms and highly researched in the field of education. However, there are fewer concept mapping studies in the field of artificial intelligence in education, specifically within intelligent tutoring systems. Two studies highlight the important roles that concept maps and other non-linear organizers play in learning. Concept maps provide students with a macrostructure view of the information as well as allow students to easily see relationships between concepts. Students generating material for a concept map has shown high learning gains; however, students creating maps from scratch or students being provided a completed map has not seen such positive effects. The proposed study looks at the importance of the links, or relationships between concepts, within concept maps. We plan to provide students with partially filled in concept maps as note-taking devices to investigate how much and what kind of assistance or scaffolding is needed.
Co-adaptation of technology and education is a daunting challenge because of the limited resource... more Co-adaptation of technology and education is a daunting challenge because of the limited resources available to individual researchers. Without keeping ITS systems runnable on the latest computing platforms, the educational technology we develop will become obsolete by default. Without keeping ITS systems current with the latest advances in experimentation and educational research, our educational technology will become obsolete by design. To simultaneously address these challenges, we propose the creation of an open-source research consortium focused on educational code-sharing that will speed the coadaptation of technology and education, allow for more cumulative progress in our discipline, and result in faster progress for individual projects and researchers.
Co-adaptation of technology and education is a daunting challenge because of the limited resource... more Co-adaptation of technology and education is a daunting challenge because of the limited resources available to individual researchers. Without keeping ITS systems runnable on the latest computing platforms, the educational technology we develop will become obsolete by default. Without keeping ITS systems current with the latest advances in experimentation and educational research, our educational technology will become obsolete by design. To simultaneously address these challenges, we propose the creation of an open-source ...
This research combines work in memory, retrieval practice, and depth of processing research. This... more This research combines work in memory, retrieval practice, and depth of processing research. This work aims to identify how the format and depth of a retrieval practice item can be manipulated to increase the effort required to successfully recall or formulate an answer, with the hypothesis that if the effort required to answer an item is increased there will be more benefit to learning. This hypothesis stems from work on desirable difficulties and the effortful retrieval hypothesis. Our data source was an experiment that used a 2 (question depth: factual, applied) x 2 (answer format: multiple choice, short answer) between-subjects design to investigate the effects of these conditions on retrieval practice performance. The experiment was delivered online though Mechanical Turk (n = 178). A logistic regression predicting performance during practice indicates that participants get more (in terms of an increase in future predicted success) from successful retrievals of items that fall within the more difficult level of both the format and depth factors (i.e., short answer and applied). There is also some support that the benefit from multiple choice items may be increased by asking deeper, more applied questions. The application of these results to scheduling effective practice is discussed.
Energy can be either transferred or conserv . Energy can be transferred via , which is the transf... more Energy can be either transferred or conserv . Energy can be transferred via , which is the transfer of energy resulting from a acting through a distance, or heat.
This research investigated key factors in learning conceptual material about statistics, and test... more This research investigated key factors in learning conceptual material about statistics, and tested the effect of variability during retrieval practice. The goal was to build a model of learning for schedule-based interventions. Participants (n = 230) completed multiple reading and test trials with fill in the blank sentences about basic statistics concepts. The experiment was a 2 (trial type: read or drill) x 3 (learning trial spacing: wide medium, or narrow) x 2 (fill-in term during learning: variable or constant) x 2 (fill-in term during posttest: variable or constant) within-subjects design. The model of the results captures the data with recent and long-term components to explain posttest transfer and the testing and spacing effects. These results, and data on the conceptual confusions amongst statistical terms, are discussed with respect to implications for future intelligent learning systems.
Semantic network theories of knowledge organization support the idea that recall of organized inf... more Semantic network theories of knowledge organization support the idea that recall of organized information depends on how well a learner encodes the connections between the items in the semantic network. However, there is need for more research into what this implies for configuring instruction so that strong semantic network learning is supported with the goal of creating an integrated mental model in the student's mind. We investigate this question in the context of map learning, where country names are encoded relative to geographic border, internal features, or external features. The main hypothesis was that external features as cues would encourage transfer, since students would practice a network of relationships. The results primarily supported a theory of "cue reinstatement", where transfer occurred when cues present at learning were present at testing. These effects were analyzed with a mixed effects logistic regression learner model of trial-by-trial learning.
Energy can be either transferred or conserv . Energy can be transferred via , which is the transf... more Energy can be either transferred or conserv . Energy can be transferred via , which is the transfer of energy resulting from a acting through a distance, or heat.
Concept mapping is a tool used in many classrooms and highly researched in the field of education... more Concept mapping is a tool used in many classrooms and highly researched in the field of education. However, there are fewer concept mapping studies in the field of artificial intelligence in education, specifically within intelligent tutoring systems. Two studies highlight the important roles that concept maps and other non-linear organizers play in learning. Concept maps provide students with a macrostructure view of the information as well as allow students to easily see relationships between concepts. Students generating material for a concept map has shown high learning gains; however, students creating maps from scratch or students being provided a completed map has not seen such positive effects. The proposed study looks at the importance of the links, or relationships between concepts, within concept maps. We plan to provide students with partially filled in concept maps as note-taking devices to investigate how much and what kind of assistance or scaffolding is needed.
Co-adaptation of technology and education is a daunting challenge because of the limited resource... more Co-adaptation of technology and education is a daunting challenge because of the limited resources available to individual researchers. Without keeping ITS systems runnable on the latest computing platforms, the educational technology we develop will become obsolete by default. Without keeping ITS systems current with the latest advances in experimentation and educational research, our educational technology will become obsolete by design. To simultaneously address these challenges, we propose the creation of an open-source research consortium focused on educational code-sharing that will speed the coadaptation of technology and education, allow for more cumulative progress in our discipline, and result in faster progress for individual projects and researchers.
Co-adaptation of technology and education is a daunting challenge because of the limited resource... more Co-adaptation of technology and education is a daunting challenge because of the limited resources available to individual researchers. Without keeping ITS systems runnable on the latest computing platforms, the educational technology we develop will become obsolete by default. Without keeping ITS systems current with the latest advances in experimentation and educational research, our educational technology will become obsolete by design. To simultaneously address these challenges, we propose the creation of an open-source ...
Uploads
Papers by Jaclyn Maass