BackgroundPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants associated wit... more BackgroundPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants associated with a wide variety of adverse human health outcomes. PCB 126 and PCB 153 are among the most prevalent congeners associated with human exposure. Emerging studies have suggested that PCB exposure leads to lower gut microbial diversity although their effects on microbial production of health promoting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been scarcely studied. Blue potatoes are rich in anthocyanins (ACNs), which is a class of polyphenols that promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and increase the generation of SCFAs. A batch-culture, pH-controlled, stirred system containing human fecal microbial communities was utilized to assess whether human gut microbiota composition and SCFA production are affected by: (a) PCB 126 and PCB 153 exposure; and (b) ACN-rich digests in the presence and absence of the PCB congeners.MethodsAnthocyanin-rich b...
Abstract Nonalcoholic beverages are manufactured as either nonfermented or fermented beverages. F... more Abstract Nonalcoholic beverages are manufactured as either nonfermented or fermented beverages. Fermented beverages are being studied extensively for their health-promoting properties that have been attributed to their nutritional, nutraceutical, and medicinal characteristics. Cereal-based fermented beverages, such as barley malt beverages, are classified based on their alcoholic content in terms of either low alcohol or nonalcoholic beverages. Nonalcoholic, fermented barley malt beverages are produced by the fermentation of barley malt wort by lactic acid bacteria and tend to have high contents of fiber, phenolic compounds, and bioactive peptides. Other important characteristics of these fermented beverages are their high lactic acid content and relatively low pH (3.5–4.5). Alcohol is removed using physical methods such as heating, dialysis, and osmosis, as well as biological modifications including the use of low alcohol producing yeast strains, inactivation of fermentation, and the heating of the wort. The processing of malt beverages involves dissolving the starch granules of the wort in water, followed by filtration, addition of pure hop aroma, and carbonation. A major property of fermented barley malt beverages is their high antioxidant capacity, which may contribute physiological benefits for preventing and managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter covers all aspects related to the processing, classification, composition, and bio-functional properties of fermented malt beverages, focusing on barley-based beverages and their potential as functional foods and for producing other high-value applications.
Magnesium plays a key role in metabolic disorder development, and hypomagnesemia may be implicate... more Magnesium plays a key role in metabolic disorder development, and hypomagnesemia may be implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the associations between hypomagnesemia, MetS, and MetS components among 231 adults (193 women and 38 men) living in Kuwait who were apparently healthy without chronic diseases. We used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria to define participants with MetS. The Ministry of Health cutoff for hypomagnesemia (<0.74 mmol/L) was employed. IDF- and ATP III-defined MetS prevalence was 22.1% and 15.2%, respectively. Hypomagnesemia occurred in 33.3% of all participants and 53.2% of participants with MetS (p < 0.001). Magnesemia correlated negatively with body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blo...
Cereals are defined in various ways including as "members of gramineae family, which is grown for... more Cereals are defined in various ways including as "members of gramineae family, which is grown for its edible purposes." It is believed that cereals were cultivated circa 700 BC, as this practice was adopted by humans for their survival, presently, more than 30 types of cereals such as wheat, barley, rice, rye, maize, amaranth, and milletare grown and consumed worldwide in various forms to fulfill the energy and nutrient requirements of populations (El Sheikha, 2016a, 2016b; Gänzle & Zheng, in press). Recent research has also indicated that various types of cereals can have functional food benefits and could also have added health properties generated via fermentative processes. A multitude of fermented products are produced from cereals, which are known by different names in different countries (El Sheikha, 2016a; Mildner-Szkudlarz & Bajerska, 2016). This review has comprehensive note on fermentation of wheat from Pakistani perspective, antinutritional factors (ANF) pros and cons, allergic compounds in wheat and their degradation by fermentation, and various other methods to improve nutritional value and quality.
Abstract Plant phenolic compounds are indicated to play an important role in promoting human heal... more Abstract Plant phenolic compounds are indicated to play an important role in promoting human health because of their varied bioactivities, such as potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties that could reduce the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular, and cancer diseases. Olive oil is a main important food component in Mediterranean dishes, which are linked to inferior risk of cardiovascular, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer diseases. Virgin olive oil has received extensive study for its potential health benefits due to its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolic compounds. This review describes the chemistry and interactions of bioactive components from olive oil, predominantly the lipid, phenolics, and their derivatives constituents. The major roles of extracted bioactive compounds from olive oil in food and the nutraceutical industry are reviewed, including their biofunctional, nutritional, and nutraceutical characteristics. The current state of research regarding methods of phenolic extractions from olives and olive oil and their methods of analysis is also discussed.
Journal of immigrant and minority health, Jan 14, 2018
The goal of this paper is to assess food and nutritional security status of an indigenous populat... more The goal of this paper is to assess food and nutritional security status of an indigenous population who migrated from Colombia to Ecuador. We collected data about the perception of food insecurity, anthropometric and food intake (n = 104). An analysis multivariate (Generalized Linear Model) we used to know the adequacy to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). All the households were food insecure, stunting affected 45.1% of children and adolescents and the 60% were overweight or obese women. Significant differences were observed by gender for energy, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, and iron (p < 0.001). No age group meets the DRI for fiber, calcium and potassium (except in children 24-59 months) and iron. There was a deficiency in vitamins A, D, folic acid and thiamine. The Epera Siapidara people in Ecuador experience acute food insecurity and a double burden of malnutrition, which may seriously affect their health and general progress.
Hydroponic greenhouse-grown and store-bought cultivars of tomato (cherry and beefsteak), cucumber... more Hydroponic greenhouse-grown and store-bought cultivars of tomato (cherry and beefsteak), cucumbers, bibb lettuce, and arugula were investigated to see if they could be distinguished based on sensory qualities and phytonutrient composition. Only the more dominant sensory criteria were sufficiently robust to distinguish between cultivars and could form the core of a consolidated number of criteria in a more discriminating sensory evaluation test. Strong determinants for cultivar selection within each crop included the following: mineral analysis (particularly Cu, Fe, K, Mg, and P); total carotenoids (particularlyβ-carotene, lycopene, and lutein); total carbohydrate (except in arugula); organic acids; total phenolics and total anthocyanins (except in cucumber). Hydroponically grown and store-bought produce were of similar quality although individual cultivars varied in quality. Storage at 4°C for up to 6 days did not affect phytonutrient status. From this, we conclude that “freshness,”...
Dysphagia is a condition in which the swallowing mechanism is impaired. It is most often a result... more Dysphagia is a condition in which the swallowing mechanism is impaired. It is most often a result of a stroke. Dysphagia has serious consequences, including choking and aspiration pneumonia, which can both be fatal. The population that is most affected by it is the elderly. Texture-modified diets are part of the treatment plan for dysphagia. This bland, restrictive diet often contributes to malnutrition in patients with dysphagia. Both energy and protein intake are of concern, which is especially worrying, as it affects the elderly. Making texture-modified diets more appealing is one method to increase food intake. As a recent technology, 3D food printing has great potential to increase the appeal of textured foods. With extrusion-based printing, both protein and vegetable products have already been 3D printed that fit into the texture categories provided by the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative. Another exciting advancement is 4D food printing which could make...
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is frequently associated with intestinal injury and muco... more Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is frequently associated with intestinal injury and mucosal barrier dysfunction, leading to an inflammatory response involving neutrophil localization and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The severity of clinical manifestations is associated with the extent of the immune response, which requires mitigation for better clinical management. Probiotics could play a protective role in this disorder due to their immunomodulatory ability in gastrointestinal disorders. We assessed five single-strain and three multi-strain probiotics for their ability to modulate CDI fecal water (FW)-induced effects on T84 cells. The CDI-FW significantly (p < 0.05) decreased T84 cell viability. The CDI-FW-exposed cells also exhibited increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production as characterized by interleukin (IL)-8, C-X-C motif chemokine 5, macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), IL-32, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily member 8. Probioti...
Micronutrient deficiencies are a worldwide public health concern. Emerging evidence supports the ... more Micronutrient deficiencies are a worldwide public health concern. Emerging evidence supports the ability of probiotics to enhance micronutrient status, which could aid in the prevention of non-communicable disease-associated malnutrition. This systematic review evaluated evidence of the efficacy of probiotic supplementation to improve micronutrient status in healthy subjects. The authors searched for published English language peer-reviewed journal articles in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from inception to July 2020 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (RoB)2 and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I tool). Fourteen original studies out of 2790 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that, despite varying degrees of efficacy, the intake of certain probiotics in healthy sub...
Clostridium (C.) difficile-infection (CDI), a nosocomial gastrointestinal disorder, is of growing... more Clostridium (C.) difficile-infection (CDI), a nosocomial gastrointestinal disorder, is of growing concern due to its rapid rise in recent years. Antibiotic therapy of CDI is associated with disrupted metabolic function and altered gut microbiota. The use of probiotics as an adjunct is being studied extensively due to their potential to modulate metabolic functions and the gut microbiota. In the present study, we assessed the ability of several single strain probiotics and a probiotic mixture to change the metabolic functions of normal and C. difficile-infected fecal samples. The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia was measured, and changes in microbial composition were assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The C. difficile-infection in fecal samples resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in SCFA and H2S production, with a lower microbial alpha diversity. All probiotic treatments were associated with significantly incr...
Clinical Research: Open Access ( ISSN 2469-6714 ), 2015
Plasma levels of F 2 -isoprostanes (F 2 -IsoPs), a whole body oxidative stress marker, have been ... more Plasma levels of F 2 -isoprostanes (F 2 -IsoPs), a whole body oxidative stress marker, have been noted to be elevated in populations with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We hypothesized that the oxidative stress biomarkers of F 2 -isoprostanes (F 2 -IsoPs), isofurans (IsoFs) and F 3 -isoprostanes (F 3 -IsoPs) are related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) subjects assessed by plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol and gene expression of sirtulin-1 (SIRT1). Plasma samples were obtained from nine CFS individuals aged 65 years or older. The mean levels of plasma F 2 -IsoPs (M=178 pg/ml, SD=100) and IsoFs (M=266 pg/ml, SD=205) were several-fold higher than previously reported in healthy subjects. F 2 -IsoPs:F 3 -IsoPs and SIRT1 were negatively associated (r=-.674, p<.05) whereas F 3 -IsoPs were inversely correlated with DHEA (r=-.586, p<.05) and positively associated with SIRT1 (r=.733, p<.05). After correction for age and sex, the F 2 -IsoPs:IsoFs ratio was positively correlated to DHEA:cortisol (r=.758, p<.05).The findings indicate that plasma IsoFs and F 2 -IsoPs are elevated in older subjects with CFS and that isoprostane and isofuran ratios are associated with HPA dysregulation.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, Jan 12, 2015
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is common, affordable, readily stored, easily prepared for consumpt... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is common, affordable, readily stored, easily prepared for consumption, and nutritious. For these reasons, potato has become one of the top five crops consumed worldwide. Consequently, it is important to understand its contribution to both our daily and long-term health. Potato is one of the most important sources of antioxidants in the human diet. As such, it supports the antioxidant defense network in our bodies that reduces cellular and tissue toxicities that result from free radical-induced protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and DNA damage. In this way, potato antioxidants may reduce the risk for cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and even radiation damage. A better understanding of these components of potato is needed by the food industry, health professionals, and consumers. This review provides referenced summaries of all of the antioxidant groups present in potato tubers and updated schematics including genetic regulation for the major antio...
Breast Cancer - Current and Alternative Therapeutic Modalities, 2011
Breast Cancer -Current and Alternative Therapeutic Modalities 150 Kefir samples were provided by ... more Breast Cancer -Current and Alternative Therapeutic Modalities 150 Kefir samples were provided by Liberte Inc. (Brossard, Canada). The large-scale production of kefir involves a two-step fermentation process. The first fermentation is achieved by directly adding kefir grains (2-10%) to milk that has been pasteurized and cooled to 20-25 o C. After a period of fermentation lasting around 24 h, the grains are removed by filtration. The filtrate (kefir mother culture) is added to milk (1-3%), which is further fermented for 24 h and packaged for the consumer market (final kefir commercial product). Samples from three different batches were used. Upon receipt of the samples, they were immediately well stirred, and centrifuged at 4°C, 32,000 x g, for 60 min (Sorvall RC 5C Centrifuge, rotor ss-34, Sorvall Instruments, Wilmington, USA). The supernatant was filtered with a 0.45 µm membrane filter followed by a 0.2 µm filter. The filtrates were stored at -80°C for future use. A Flexi-Dry MP lyophilizer (FTS Systems Inc., Stone Ridge, USA) was used for triplicate determination of moisture. Ten grams of homogenized sample was transferred into preweighed aluminium weigh boat, frozen at -80 o C for approximately 1 h and then freeze dried for 48 h. The boat was weighed again and the moisture was calculated. A LECO FP-428 Nitrogen Determination System (LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, USA) was used to determine nitrogen content in triplicate for freeze-dried samples. Crude protein content was calculated using a conversion factor of 6.25. Protein in solution was determined by using Bio-Rad protein assay kit according to the instruction with the kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA). Peptide concentrations were analyzed by the method of Church et al. (1983) (opthialdehyde; OPA). Crude fat was analyzed in triplicate with an automatic Soxtec extraction system (Soxtec HT6 Tecator AB, Hoganas, Sweden). Three grams of freeze-dried, well-mixed sample was loaded and analyzed. Proper amount of freeze-dried samples were digested in 70% (w/v) nitric acid (Fisher Scientific, trace metal grade) and minerals (i.e., Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Na and K) were determined by using Hitachi Z-8200 Zeeman polarized atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Nissei Sango Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada). Lactic acid content was analyzed using a Sigma lactate kit assay (Sigma Diagnostics, Cat. No. 735-10, St. Louis, USA). Organic acids were determined by HPLC according to the method of Guzel-Seydim et al. (2000). Five mL of each sample was diluted with 25 mL 0.01 M H 2 SO 4 , vortexed for 1 min followed by centrifugation at 2000 x g for 10 min. Supernatants were collected and filtered through 0.2 µm filter. Volumes of 20 µl of samples and standards were injected into a Beckman Gold HPLC system (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, USA) equipped with an Aminex HPX-87H (300 mm x 7.8 mm) organic acid column (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA). Degassed 8 mM sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) was used as the mobile phase. The organic acids oxalate, citrate, malate, succinate, formate and acetate were detected at 215 nm. Organic acids were quantified using external standards (organic acid analysis standard, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA). Centriplus centrifugal filter devices were used to get MWCO fractions at 3000 Da (Millipore, Bedford, USA). Ten milliliters whole extract were loaded to the sample reservoir and the www.intechopen.com
The importance of Russet Burbank, the world's foremost French fry processing cultivar, requires a... more The importance of Russet Burbank, the world's foremost French fry processing cultivar, requires a complete description of its origin. Its maternal lineage included Rough Purple Chili, Garnet Chili, Early Rose, and Burbank. An incorrect but widely disseminated account attributes the origin of Russet Burbank to Colorado potato grower Lou D. Sweet, with 1914 often given as the date of introduction. However, it is likely that Russet Burbank was originally released in 1902 as May's Netted Gem by L. L. May & Co. (St. Paul MN). The names Netted Gem and Russet Burbank were used synonymously for many decades. Isoenzyme, multiplex PCR, and SNP data confirm Russet Burbank as a mutation of Burbank and do not support a seedling origin. Russet Burbank was
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2007
High-pressure treatment of whey protein may increase digestibility and bioavailability of cystein... more High-pressure treatment of whey protein may increase digestibility and bioavailability of cysteine. The purpose of the study was to determine whether total lymphocyte glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine [GSH]) levels (oxidized+reduced) can be augmented from three different doses of pressurized whey protein supplements in a dose-dependent manner over a 2-week period. Eighteen healthy males and 18 healthy females were randomized into three different groups, with 31 finishing the study. Each group ingested 15, 30, or 45 g/day pressurized whey protein in the morning in bar format for 14 days. Each group was blinded to the amount of whey protein they were ingesting. Ten millilitres of blood was withdrawn before and after the 2-week period to assess blood lymphocyte levels pre and post supplementation. There was no change in body weight or reported physical activity levels pre and post supplementation. Pre-lymphocyte GSH levels were not significantly different between groups (3.7+/-0.7 micromol/l). Least-squares linear regression showed that the change in lymphocyte GSH levels from pre to post supplementation was affected by the amount of whey protein ingested daily (P=0.037). The group that ingested 45 g/day pressurized whey protein augmented GSH levels the most (by approximately 24%), and the group that ingested 15 g/day did not increase lymphocyte GSH levels. We conclude that there is a significant relationship between the dosage of supplementation and the change in lymphocyte GSH levels. Furthermore, the increase in GSH was linear with the amount of whey protein ingested. Pressurized whey protein supplementation of 45 g/day for 2 weeks can increase lymphocyte GSH by 24%.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) kinetic in three temperatures was investigated for extraction... more Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) kinetic in three temperatures was investigated for extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from Jatropha dioica, Flourensia cernua, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Turnera diffusa which are plants of semiarid regions of Mexico. The two-site kinetic model and saturation simple equation were used to describe the experimental data. The fit of the data demonstrated that saturation simple equation was better and could explain the data with a slight loss of goodness of fit. The results showed that MAE optimum conditions were extraction temperature of 60°C and extraction time in the range from 1 to 6 min. The MAE was more efficient than the conventional Heat Reflux Extraction (HRE). Maximal antioxidant potential was observed in E. camaldulensis extracts. Interestingly differences in phenolic composition and antioxidant activity were observed in the extracts obtained by MAE and HRE for all plants used. Quercetin and catechin were found to be the predominant phenolic compounds. The MAE procedure resulted in suitable alternative to obtain bioactive phenolic compounds from semiarid plants due to this technology is higher efficient than conventional methods increasing yield in shorter times.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2009
The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the c... more The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Author's personal copy necesarios ensayos con HPLC para confirmar las líneas con mejores perfiles... more Author's personal copy necesarios ensayos con HPLC para confirmar las líneas con mejores perfiles de fitonutrientes. La selección somaclonal ofrece beneficios claros para el mejoramiento de fitonutrientes en papa y se puede seguir la selección para rendimiento y atributos de procesado.
BackgroundPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants associated wit... more BackgroundPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants associated with a wide variety of adverse human health outcomes. PCB 126 and PCB 153 are among the most prevalent congeners associated with human exposure. Emerging studies have suggested that PCB exposure leads to lower gut microbial diversity although their effects on microbial production of health promoting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been scarcely studied. Blue potatoes are rich in anthocyanins (ACNs), which is a class of polyphenols that promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and increase the generation of SCFAs. A batch-culture, pH-controlled, stirred system containing human fecal microbial communities was utilized to assess whether human gut microbiota composition and SCFA production are affected by: (a) PCB 126 and PCB 153 exposure; and (b) ACN-rich digests in the presence and absence of the PCB congeners.MethodsAnthocyanin-rich b...
Abstract Nonalcoholic beverages are manufactured as either nonfermented or fermented beverages. F... more Abstract Nonalcoholic beverages are manufactured as either nonfermented or fermented beverages. Fermented beverages are being studied extensively for their health-promoting properties that have been attributed to their nutritional, nutraceutical, and medicinal characteristics. Cereal-based fermented beverages, such as barley malt beverages, are classified based on their alcoholic content in terms of either low alcohol or nonalcoholic beverages. Nonalcoholic, fermented barley malt beverages are produced by the fermentation of barley malt wort by lactic acid bacteria and tend to have high contents of fiber, phenolic compounds, and bioactive peptides. Other important characteristics of these fermented beverages are their high lactic acid content and relatively low pH (3.5–4.5). Alcohol is removed using physical methods such as heating, dialysis, and osmosis, as well as biological modifications including the use of low alcohol producing yeast strains, inactivation of fermentation, and the heating of the wort. The processing of malt beverages involves dissolving the starch granules of the wort in water, followed by filtration, addition of pure hop aroma, and carbonation. A major property of fermented barley malt beverages is their high antioxidant capacity, which may contribute physiological benefits for preventing and managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter covers all aspects related to the processing, classification, composition, and bio-functional properties of fermented malt beverages, focusing on barley-based beverages and their potential as functional foods and for producing other high-value applications.
Magnesium plays a key role in metabolic disorder development, and hypomagnesemia may be implicate... more Magnesium plays a key role in metabolic disorder development, and hypomagnesemia may be implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the associations between hypomagnesemia, MetS, and MetS components among 231 adults (193 women and 38 men) living in Kuwait who were apparently healthy without chronic diseases. We used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria to define participants with MetS. The Ministry of Health cutoff for hypomagnesemia (<0.74 mmol/L) was employed. IDF- and ATP III-defined MetS prevalence was 22.1% and 15.2%, respectively. Hypomagnesemia occurred in 33.3% of all participants and 53.2% of participants with MetS (p < 0.001). Magnesemia correlated negatively with body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blo...
Cereals are defined in various ways including as "members of gramineae family, which is grown for... more Cereals are defined in various ways including as "members of gramineae family, which is grown for its edible purposes." It is believed that cereals were cultivated circa 700 BC, as this practice was adopted by humans for their survival, presently, more than 30 types of cereals such as wheat, barley, rice, rye, maize, amaranth, and milletare grown and consumed worldwide in various forms to fulfill the energy and nutrient requirements of populations (El Sheikha, 2016a, 2016b; Gänzle & Zheng, in press). Recent research has also indicated that various types of cereals can have functional food benefits and could also have added health properties generated via fermentative processes. A multitude of fermented products are produced from cereals, which are known by different names in different countries (El Sheikha, 2016a; Mildner-Szkudlarz & Bajerska, 2016). This review has comprehensive note on fermentation of wheat from Pakistani perspective, antinutritional factors (ANF) pros and cons, allergic compounds in wheat and their degradation by fermentation, and various other methods to improve nutritional value and quality.
Abstract Plant phenolic compounds are indicated to play an important role in promoting human heal... more Abstract Plant phenolic compounds are indicated to play an important role in promoting human health because of their varied bioactivities, such as potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties that could reduce the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular, and cancer diseases. Olive oil is a main important food component in Mediterranean dishes, which are linked to inferior risk of cardiovascular, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer diseases. Virgin olive oil has received extensive study for its potential health benefits due to its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolic compounds. This review describes the chemistry and interactions of bioactive components from olive oil, predominantly the lipid, phenolics, and their derivatives constituents. The major roles of extracted bioactive compounds from olive oil in food and the nutraceutical industry are reviewed, including their biofunctional, nutritional, and nutraceutical characteristics. The current state of research regarding methods of phenolic extractions from olives and olive oil and their methods of analysis is also discussed.
Journal of immigrant and minority health, Jan 14, 2018
The goal of this paper is to assess food and nutritional security status of an indigenous populat... more The goal of this paper is to assess food and nutritional security status of an indigenous population who migrated from Colombia to Ecuador. We collected data about the perception of food insecurity, anthropometric and food intake (n = 104). An analysis multivariate (Generalized Linear Model) we used to know the adequacy to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). All the households were food insecure, stunting affected 45.1% of children and adolescents and the 60% were overweight or obese women. Significant differences were observed by gender for energy, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, and iron (p < 0.001). No age group meets the DRI for fiber, calcium and potassium (except in children 24-59 months) and iron. There was a deficiency in vitamins A, D, folic acid and thiamine. The Epera Siapidara people in Ecuador experience acute food insecurity and a double burden of malnutrition, which may seriously affect their health and general progress.
Hydroponic greenhouse-grown and store-bought cultivars of tomato (cherry and beefsteak), cucumber... more Hydroponic greenhouse-grown and store-bought cultivars of tomato (cherry and beefsteak), cucumbers, bibb lettuce, and arugula were investigated to see if they could be distinguished based on sensory qualities and phytonutrient composition. Only the more dominant sensory criteria were sufficiently robust to distinguish between cultivars and could form the core of a consolidated number of criteria in a more discriminating sensory evaluation test. Strong determinants for cultivar selection within each crop included the following: mineral analysis (particularly Cu, Fe, K, Mg, and P); total carotenoids (particularlyβ-carotene, lycopene, and lutein); total carbohydrate (except in arugula); organic acids; total phenolics and total anthocyanins (except in cucumber). Hydroponically grown and store-bought produce were of similar quality although individual cultivars varied in quality. Storage at 4°C for up to 6 days did not affect phytonutrient status. From this, we conclude that “freshness,”...
Dysphagia is a condition in which the swallowing mechanism is impaired. It is most often a result... more Dysphagia is a condition in which the swallowing mechanism is impaired. It is most often a result of a stroke. Dysphagia has serious consequences, including choking and aspiration pneumonia, which can both be fatal. The population that is most affected by it is the elderly. Texture-modified diets are part of the treatment plan for dysphagia. This bland, restrictive diet often contributes to malnutrition in patients with dysphagia. Both energy and protein intake are of concern, which is especially worrying, as it affects the elderly. Making texture-modified diets more appealing is one method to increase food intake. As a recent technology, 3D food printing has great potential to increase the appeal of textured foods. With extrusion-based printing, both protein and vegetable products have already been 3D printed that fit into the texture categories provided by the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative. Another exciting advancement is 4D food printing which could make...
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is frequently associated with intestinal injury and muco... more Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is frequently associated with intestinal injury and mucosal barrier dysfunction, leading to an inflammatory response involving neutrophil localization and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The severity of clinical manifestations is associated with the extent of the immune response, which requires mitigation for better clinical management. Probiotics could play a protective role in this disorder due to their immunomodulatory ability in gastrointestinal disorders. We assessed five single-strain and three multi-strain probiotics for their ability to modulate CDI fecal water (FW)-induced effects on T84 cells. The CDI-FW significantly (p < 0.05) decreased T84 cell viability. The CDI-FW-exposed cells also exhibited increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production as characterized by interleukin (IL)-8, C-X-C motif chemokine 5, macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), IL-32, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily member 8. Probioti...
Micronutrient deficiencies are a worldwide public health concern. Emerging evidence supports the ... more Micronutrient deficiencies are a worldwide public health concern. Emerging evidence supports the ability of probiotics to enhance micronutrient status, which could aid in the prevention of non-communicable disease-associated malnutrition. This systematic review evaluated evidence of the efficacy of probiotic supplementation to improve micronutrient status in healthy subjects. The authors searched for published English language peer-reviewed journal articles in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from inception to July 2020 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (RoB)2 and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I tool). Fourteen original studies out of 2790 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that, despite varying degrees of efficacy, the intake of certain probiotics in healthy sub...
Clostridium (C.) difficile-infection (CDI), a nosocomial gastrointestinal disorder, is of growing... more Clostridium (C.) difficile-infection (CDI), a nosocomial gastrointestinal disorder, is of growing concern due to its rapid rise in recent years. Antibiotic therapy of CDI is associated with disrupted metabolic function and altered gut microbiota. The use of probiotics as an adjunct is being studied extensively due to their potential to modulate metabolic functions and the gut microbiota. In the present study, we assessed the ability of several single strain probiotics and a probiotic mixture to change the metabolic functions of normal and C. difficile-infected fecal samples. The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia was measured, and changes in microbial composition were assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The C. difficile-infection in fecal samples resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in SCFA and H2S production, with a lower microbial alpha diversity. All probiotic treatments were associated with significantly incr...
Clinical Research: Open Access ( ISSN 2469-6714 ), 2015
Plasma levels of F 2 -isoprostanes (F 2 -IsoPs), a whole body oxidative stress marker, have been ... more Plasma levels of F 2 -isoprostanes (F 2 -IsoPs), a whole body oxidative stress marker, have been noted to be elevated in populations with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We hypothesized that the oxidative stress biomarkers of F 2 -isoprostanes (F 2 -IsoPs), isofurans (IsoFs) and F 3 -isoprostanes (F 3 -IsoPs) are related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) subjects assessed by plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol and gene expression of sirtulin-1 (SIRT1). Plasma samples were obtained from nine CFS individuals aged 65 years or older. The mean levels of plasma F 2 -IsoPs (M=178 pg/ml, SD=100) and IsoFs (M=266 pg/ml, SD=205) were several-fold higher than previously reported in healthy subjects. F 2 -IsoPs:F 3 -IsoPs and SIRT1 were negatively associated (r=-.674, p<.05) whereas F 3 -IsoPs were inversely correlated with DHEA (r=-.586, p<.05) and positively associated with SIRT1 (r=.733, p<.05). After correction for age and sex, the F 2 -IsoPs:IsoFs ratio was positively correlated to DHEA:cortisol (r=.758, p<.05).The findings indicate that plasma IsoFs and F 2 -IsoPs are elevated in older subjects with CFS and that isoprostane and isofuran ratios are associated with HPA dysregulation.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, Jan 12, 2015
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is common, affordable, readily stored, easily prepared for consumpt... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is common, affordable, readily stored, easily prepared for consumption, and nutritious. For these reasons, potato has become one of the top five crops consumed worldwide. Consequently, it is important to understand its contribution to both our daily and long-term health. Potato is one of the most important sources of antioxidants in the human diet. As such, it supports the antioxidant defense network in our bodies that reduces cellular and tissue toxicities that result from free radical-induced protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and DNA damage. In this way, potato antioxidants may reduce the risk for cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and even radiation damage. A better understanding of these components of potato is needed by the food industry, health professionals, and consumers. This review provides referenced summaries of all of the antioxidant groups present in potato tubers and updated schematics including genetic regulation for the major antio...
Breast Cancer - Current and Alternative Therapeutic Modalities, 2011
Breast Cancer -Current and Alternative Therapeutic Modalities 150 Kefir samples were provided by ... more Breast Cancer -Current and Alternative Therapeutic Modalities 150 Kefir samples were provided by Liberte Inc. (Brossard, Canada). The large-scale production of kefir involves a two-step fermentation process. The first fermentation is achieved by directly adding kefir grains (2-10%) to milk that has been pasteurized and cooled to 20-25 o C. After a period of fermentation lasting around 24 h, the grains are removed by filtration. The filtrate (kefir mother culture) is added to milk (1-3%), which is further fermented for 24 h and packaged for the consumer market (final kefir commercial product). Samples from three different batches were used. Upon receipt of the samples, they were immediately well stirred, and centrifuged at 4°C, 32,000 x g, for 60 min (Sorvall RC 5C Centrifuge, rotor ss-34, Sorvall Instruments, Wilmington, USA). The supernatant was filtered with a 0.45 µm membrane filter followed by a 0.2 µm filter. The filtrates were stored at -80°C for future use. A Flexi-Dry MP lyophilizer (FTS Systems Inc., Stone Ridge, USA) was used for triplicate determination of moisture. Ten grams of homogenized sample was transferred into preweighed aluminium weigh boat, frozen at -80 o C for approximately 1 h and then freeze dried for 48 h. The boat was weighed again and the moisture was calculated. A LECO FP-428 Nitrogen Determination System (LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, USA) was used to determine nitrogen content in triplicate for freeze-dried samples. Crude protein content was calculated using a conversion factor of 6.25. Protein in solution was determined by using Bio-Rad protein assay kit according to the instruction with the kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA). Peptide concentrations were analyzed by the method of Church et al. (1983) (opthialdehyde; OPA). Crude fat was analyzed in triplicate with an automatic Soxtec extraction system (Soxtec HT6 Tecator AB, Hoganas, Sweden). Three grams of freeze-dried, well-mixed sample was loaded and analyzed. Proper amount of freeze-dried samples were digested in 70% (w/v) nitric acid (Fisher Scientific, trace metal grade) and minerals (i.e., Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Na and K) were determined by using Hitachi Z-8200 Zeeman polarized atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Nissei Sango Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada). Lactic acid content was analyzed using a Sigma lactate kit assay (Sigma Diagnostics, Cat. No. 735-10, St. Louis, USA). Organic acids were determined by HPLC according to the method of Guzel-Seydim et al. (2000). Five mL of each sample was diluted with 25 mL 0.01 M H 2 SO 4 , vortexed for 1 min followed by centrifugation at 2000 x g for 10 min. Supernatants were collected and filtered through 0.2 µm filter. Volumes of 20 µl of samples and standards were injected into a Beckman Gold HPLC system (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, USA) equipped with an Aminex HPX-87H (300 mm x 7.8 mm) organic acid column (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA). Degassed 8 mM sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) was used as the mobile phase. The organic acids oxalate, citrate, malate, succinate, formate and acetate were detected at 215 nm. Organic acids were quantified using external standards (organic acid analysis standard, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA). Centriplus centrifugal filter devices were used to get MWCO fractions at 3000 Da (Millipore, Bedford, USA). Ten milliliters whole extract were loaded to the sample reservoir and the www.intechopen.com
The importance of Russet Burbank, the world's foremost French fry processing cultivar, requires a... more The importance of Russet Burbank, the world's foremost French fry processing cultivar, requires a complete description of its origin. Its maternal lineage included Rough Purple Chili, Garnet Chili, Early Rose, and Burbank. An incorrect but widely disseminated account attributes the origin of Russet Burbank to Colorado potato grower Lou D. Sweet, with 1914 often given as the date of introduction. However, it is likely that Russet Burbank was originally released in 1902 as May's Netted Gem by L. L. May & Co. (St. Paul MN). The names Netted Gem and Russet Burbank were used synonymously for many decades. Isoenzyme, multiplex PCR, and SNP data confirm Russet Burbank as a mutation of Burbank and do not support a seedling origin. Russet Burbank was
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2007
High-pressure treatment of whey protein may increase digestibility and bioavailability of cystein... more High-pressure treatment of whey protein may increase digestibility and bioavailability of cysteine. The purpose of the study was to determine whether total lymphocyte glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine [GSH]) levels (oxidized+reduced) can be augmented from three different doses of pressurized whey protein supplements in a dose-dependent manner over a 2-week period. Eighteen healthy males and 18 healthy females were randomized into three different groups, with 31 finishing the study. Each group ingested 15, 30, or 45 g/day pressurized whey protein in the morning in bar format for 14 days. Each group was blinded to the amount of whey protein they were ingesting. Ten millilitres of blood was withdrawn before and after the 2-week period to assess blood lymphocyte levels pre and post supplementation. There was no change in body weight or reported physical activity levels pre and post supplementation. Pre-lymphocyte GSH levels were not significantly different between groups (3.7+/-0.7 micromol/l). Least-squares linear regression showed that the change in lymphocyte GSH levels from pre to post supplementation was affected by the amount of whey protein ingested daily (P=0.037). The group that ingested 45 g/day pressurized whey protein augmented GSH levels the most (by approximately 24%), and the group that ingested 15 g/day did not increase lymphocyte GSH levels. We conclude that there is a significant relationship between the dosage of supplementation and the change in lymphocyte GSH levels. Furthermore, the increase in GSH was linear with the amount of whey protein ingested. Pressurized whey protein supplementation of 45 g/day for 2 weeks can increase lymphocyte GSH by 24%.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) kinetic in three temperatures was investigated for extraction... more Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) kinetic in three temperatures was investigated for extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from Jatropha dioica, Flourensia cernua, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Turnera diffusa which are plants of semiarid regions of Mexico. The two-site kinetic model and saturation simple equation were used to describe the experimental data. The fit of the data demonstrated that saturation simple equation was better and could explain the data with a slight loss of goodness of fit. The results showed that MAE optimum conditions were extraction temperature of 60°C and extraction time in the range from 1 to 6 min. The MAE was more efficient than the conventional Heat Reflux Extraction (HRE). Maximal antioxidant potential was observed in E. camaldulensis extracts. Interestingly differences in phenolic composition and antioxidant activity were observed in the extracts obtained by MAE and HRE for all plants used. Quercetin and catechin were found to be the predominant phenolic compounds. The MAE procedure resulted in suitable alternative to obtain bioactive phenolic compounds from semiarid plants due to this technology is higher efficient than conventional methods increasing yield in shorter times.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2009
The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the c... more The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Author's personal copy necesarios ensayos con HPLC para confirmar las líneas con mejores perfiles... more Author's personal copy necesarios ensayos con HPLC para confirmar las líneas con mejores perfiles de fitonutrientes. La selección somaclonal ofrece beneficios claros para el mejoramiento de fitonutrientes en papa y se puede seguir la selección para rendimiento y atributos de procesado.
Uploads
Papers by Stan Kubow