their life at this very location but it still however represents the loss of a family that once l... more their life at this very location but it still however represents the loss of a family that once lived there, or the community that lived in that area, the congregation that worshiped in the synagogue. The loss of a way of life, the loss of Jewish tradition and culture. In most cases unfortunately the dark shadow of genocide looms over Holocaust related sites in Poland. It is harrowing to think that while visiting some Holocaust sites you are in fact walking in the ashes of the dead, walking on hallowed ground. This overwhelming sense of horror when facing in reality the very places when millions of souls perished can be extremely challenging for some. I will never forget my first visit to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The day was dark and damp, bitterly cold and gloomy. The weather suited the atmosphere perfectly. Observing the sheer scale of the camp from the watch tower at the main entrance really had a profound effect on me. I struggled still, even while standing there, to imagine the vast numbers of people who were forced to come here. The remaining bunk houses lined up side by side, the accuracy of the space between each one, these details struck me. How calculated the layout of this enormous death camp was made the hair on my neck stand up. Our excellent tour guide led us around the camp. I was very apprehensive about visiting Auschwitz-Birkenau. I was unsure of how I would deal with the emotional side of this journey through the worlds largest grave yard. As we neared the ruins of the crematorium I literally felt sick to my stomach. Having reached the site however I was surprised at the sense of calm that overcame me, the previous dreary atmosphere seemed to have lifted somewhat. I had heard on several occasions before from people that no bird sings in Auschwitz. I found this to be interesting and had made a conscious decision to pay attention to this on my visit. It had not crossed my Emma Towey
Philosophy, philo Sophia (Greek), is the rational investigation of the truths and principles of b... more Philosophy, philo Sophia (Greek), is the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct. It has two main sides; it deals with the nature and origins of the universe at large and it deals with human life. 1 It is the love of wisdom. Philosophy first began to emerge in the eastern Mediterranean. This can also be referred to as the Greek world. In pre-philosophical Greece, up to 600 BC, the Greeks believed in many Gods and due to the fact that human behaviour could be linked to certain Gods the Greek people based their understanding of themselves on myths and folk wisdom. The myth combined with the reputation of Gods provided people with solutions and answers. As the first philosophers began to emerge, such as Thales 2 and Anaximander 3 , new and radical ways of thinking were introduced. These earliest philosophers make the move from myth to reason, mythos to logos. Within two or three generations philosophy moves on from abstract speculation and early scientific concern to affairs of morality, politics and human life. These new philosophers are referred to as Sophists. The Sophists were not a particular philosophical school but rather a profession. They were itinerant teachers, who made a living out of the new hunger for guidance in practical affairs which arose at the time. 4 These Sophists flourished at the end of the fifth century BCE, they were not concerned with cosmos, and their main focus was human affairs.
more social and political themes. His work reflects how he believed in the universality of taste ... more more social and political themes. His work reflects how he believed in the universality of taste and the 'objectivity' of aesthetic judgement. 5 The importance of The Sublime and Beautiful as an event in the history of aesthetics is manifest and much discussed. 6 In this work he moves aesthetic speculation from classical formalism to romanticism, he is particularly original in the way he discusses the sublime as an aesthetic response. Burke was not the first to write about the sublime, it was already a well-established aesthetic category in English criticism and philosophy, 7 but he is original in his systematic treatment of our experience of the sublime. It was Burke's purpose in The Sublime and Beautiful to demonstrate how he believed that the sublime and beautiful are two very different things. He observed that the ideas of the sublime and beautiful were frequently confounded and that both were indiscriminately applied to things greatly differing and sometimes of natures directly opposite. 8 Burke thinks beauty is one part of our aesthetic response and that the sublime is another. It is historically significant that Burke is finding another basis for aesthetics.
Censorship in Ireland in the early twentieth century became an important mechanism with regards t... more Censorship in Ireland in the early twentieth century became an important mechanism with regards to regulating the type of literature available to the people of the country.
Ascendancy parliament and was joined in the union with Great Britain. The novels main focus is th... more Ascendancy parliament and was joined in the union with Great Britain. The novels main focus is the decline of the Rackrents as the story traces the history of the family through several generations, but also the rise of the Quirk family is just as important. The
In post famine Ireland many thinkers, artists, and political activists began realising that tradi... more In post famine Ireland many thinkers, artists, and political activists began realising that traditional Irish culture was in danger of being lost. Ireland was undergoing a process of Anglicisation. Most aspects of Irish life were being replaced by British forms. The Irish were increasingly exposed to British authors, playwrights, newspapers, sports, music, business practices and laws. There was a fear that unless the process of Anglicisation was arrested Ireland would cease to be distinctive.
Bullying is an odious act experienced by an unacceptable number of school students. It continues ... more Bullying is an odious act experienced by an unacceptable number of school students. It continues to grow, and with much of the bullying behaviour remaining undetected, it continues to damage the lives of countless innocent victims. Bullying takes many forms and can have devastating effects. The emotional and psychological scars inflicted by a bully remain long after the initial wounds of the victim, be they physical or mental, have healed. Another major concern about bullying is that it undermines learning. Preventing and tackling bullying behaviour is a serious and demanding challenge of every school and its staff. It is the responsibility of the school to ensure that a safe environment is provided for all students, free from prejudice and hateful and bullying behaviour. The role of the teacher is crucial in detecting, identifying and dealing with bullying behaviour as early intervention and immediate action is crucial. This essay will discuss the key elements of bullying behaviour that every classroom teacher should be aware of in post-primary schools in order to aid the abolishment of this callous and superfluous behaviour from the education system.
To be born male or female had different political, social and economic consequences for an indivi... more To be born male or female had different political, social and economic consequences for an individuals life in nineteenth century Ireland. The opportunities of the daughter of an aristocratic family in the middle ages and those of a woman living in the slums of late nineteenth century Dublin, were light years apart in many ways, but each woman's life and her opportunity were influenced by her sex and, as a consequence, were different to those of her brother, father or husband. 1 This research paper will examine the attitudes towards gender roles in nineteenth century Ireland and how this expressed in the literature of Kate O'Brien 2 . Chapter one will focus on O'Brien's first novel Without My Cloak which became a best seller and won her the first Hawthornden and James Tait Black memorial prizes. 3 By examining the lives of O'Brien's key female characters it will become clear how the ideology of separate spheres combined with codes and expectations of a patriarchal society effected the lives of these women in various ways. Later on in chapter one we will see evidence from various journals and diaries which belonged to women in nineteenth century Ireland that confirm that these rigid codes and boundaries which restricted women truly were a reality in Ireland and not just true of O'Brien's fictional characters. Chapter two will focus on The Ante-Room, a sequel to Without My Cloak, first published in 1934. Again, by focusing on the main female characters in The Ante-Room, chapter two aims to unveils how these women were confined and restricted due to the dominant patriarchal society. The use of primary sources such as diaries and journals in chapter two also will reinforce this reality.
Basil Bernstein makes a significant contribution to the study of Communication with his socioling... more Basil Bernstein makes a significant contribution to the study of Communication with his sociolinguistic theory of language codes (Young 2002). He researched speech and how it affected educational attainment and suggested that class difference in speech patterns were related to educational attainment ((Bryant). As discussed by Alberto & Antikainen (2003, p.31), Beirnstein's basic theory revolves around how class factors regulate the structure of linguistic communication in the family and therefore internalization in infancy of a specific sociolinguistic code, in such a way that class relations regulate what Bernstein calls the "restricted and elaborate codes" in education that in turn determine success or failure at school. This essay will discuss Bernstein's sociolinguistic codes focusing on the socialisation of children from differing social classes and how this may effect upon them entering formal education. This essay will consider factors such as external influences on language such as environment, family roles and background, notions of identity and inequalities in education and income. This essay will then discuss language in terms of the school and classroom, textbooks, the curriculum and teachers attitudes. This essay will also address criticisms of Bernstein's work and defenders of his theory. Finally this essay will consider the relevance of Bernstein's sociolinguistic codes for practicing teachers referring to case study findings and personal teaching experience.
their life at this very location but it still however represents the loss of a family that once l... more their life at this very location but it still however represents the loss of a family that once lived there, or the community that lived in that area, the congregation that worshiped in the synagogue. The loss of a way of life, the loss of Jewish tradition and culture. In most cases unfortunately the dark shadow of genocide looms over Holocaust related sites in Poland. It is harrowing to think that while visiting some Holocaust sites you are in fact walking in the ashes of the dead, walking on hallowed ground. This overwhelming sense of horror when facing in reality the very places when millions of souls perished can be extremely challenging for some. I will never forget my first visit to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The day was dark and damp, bitterly cold and gloomy. The weather suited the atmosphere perfectly. Observing the sheer scale of the camp from the watch tower at the main entrance really had a profound effect on me. I struggled still, even while standing there, to imagine the vast numbers of people who were forced to come here. The remaining bunk houses lined up side by side, the accuracy of the space between each one, these details struck me. How calculated the layout of this enormous death camp was made the hair on my neck stand up. Our excellent tour guide led us around the camp. I was very apprehensive about visiting Auschwitz-Birkenau. I was unsure of how I would deal with the emotional side of this journey through the worlds largest grave yard. As we neared the ruins of the crematorium I literally felt sick to my stomach. Having reached the site however I was surprised at the sense of calm that overcame me, the previous dreary atmosphere seemed to have lifted somewhat. I had heard on several occasions before from people that no bird sings in Auschwitz. I found this to be interesting and had made a conscious decision to pay attention to this on my visit. It had not crossed my Emma Towey
Philosophy, philo Sophia (Greek), is the rational investigation of the truths and principles of b... more Philosophy, philo Sophia (Greek), is the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct. It has two main sides; it deals with the nature and origins of the universe at large and it deals with human life. 1 It is the love of wisdom. Philosophy first began to emerge in the eastern Mediterranean. This can also be referred to as the Greek world. In pre-philosophical Greece, up to 600 BC, the Greeks believed in many Gods and due to the fact that human behaviour could be linked to certain Gods the Greek people based their understanding of themselves on myths and folk wisdom. The myth combined with the reputation of Gods provided people with solutions and answers. As the first philosophers began to emerge, such as Thales 2 and Anaximander 3 , new and radical ways of thinking were introduced. These earliest philosophers make the move from myth to reason, mythos to logos. Within two or three generations philosophy moves on from abstract speculation and early scientific concern to affairs of morality, politics and human life. These new philosophers are referred to as Sophists. The Sophists were not a particular philosophical school but rather a profession. They were itinerant teachers, who made a living out of the new hunger for guidance in practical affairs which arose at the time. 4 These Sophists flourished at the end of the fifth century BCE, they were not concerned with cosmos, and their main focus was human affairs.
more social and political themes. His work reflects how he believed in the universality of taste ... more more social and political themes. His work reflects how he believed in the universality of taste and the 'objectivity' of aesthetic judgement. 5 The importance of The Sublime and Beautiful as an event in the history of aesthetics is manifest and much discussed. 6 In this work he moves aesthetic speculation from classical formalism to romanticism, he is particularly original in the way he discusses the sublime as an aesthetic response. Burke was not the first to write about the sublime, it was already a well-established aesthetic category in English criticism and philosophy, 7 but he is original in his systematic treatment of our experience of the sublime. It was Burke's purpose in The Sublime and Beautiful to demonstrate how he believed that the sublime and beautiful are two very different things. He observed that the ideas of the sublime and beautiful were frequently confounded and that both were indiscriminately applied to things greatly differing and sometimes of natures directly opposite. 8 Burke thinks beauty is one part of our aesthetic response and that the sublime is another. It is historically significant that Burke is finding another basis for aesthetics.
Censorship in Ireland in the early twentieth century became an important mechanism with regards t... more Censorship in Ireland in the early twentieth century became an important mechanism with regards to regulating the type of literature available to the people of the country.
Ascendancy parliament and was joined in the union with Great Britain. The novels main focus is th... more Ascendancy parliament and was joined in the union with Great Britain. The novels main focus is the decline of the Rackrents as the story traces the history of the family through several generations, but also the rise of the Quirk family is just as important. The
In post famine Ireland many thinkers, artists, and political activists began realising that tradi... more In post famine Ireland many thinkers, artists, and political activists began realising that traditional Irish culture was in danger of being lost. Ireland was undergoing a process of Anglicisation. Most aspects of Irish life were being replaced by British forms. The Irish were increasingly exposed to British authors, playwrights, newspapers, sports, music, business practices and laws. There was a fear that unless the process of Anglicisation was arrested Ireland would cease to be distinctive.
Bullying is an odious act experienced by an unacceptable number of school students. It continues ... more Bullying is an odious act experienced by an unacceptable number of school students. It continues to grow, and with much of the bullying behaviour remaining undetected, it continues to damage the lives of countless innocent victims. Bullying takes many forms and can have devastating effects. The emotional and psychological scars inflicted by a bully remain long after the initial wounds of the victim, be they physical or mental, have healed. Another major concern about bullying is that it undermines learning. Preventing and tackling bullying behaviour is a serious and demanding challenge of every school and its staff. It is the responsibility of the school to ensure that a safe environment is provided for all students, free from prejudice and hateful and bullying behaviour. The role of the teacher is crucial in detecting, identifying and dealing with bullying behaviour as early intervention and immediate action is crucial. This essay will discuss the key elements of bullying behaviour that every classroom teacher should be aware of in post-primary schools in order to aid the abolishment of this callous and superfluous behaviour from the education system.
To be born male or female had different political, social and economic consequences for an indivi... more To be born male or female had different political, social and economic consequences for an individuals life in nineteenth century Ireland. The opportunities of the daughter of an aristocratic family in the middle ages and those of a woman living in the slums of late nineteenth century Dublin, were light years apart in many ways, but each woman's life and her opportunity were influenced by her sex and, as a consequence, were different to those of her brother, father or husband. 1 This research paper will examine the attitudes towards gender roles in nineteenth century Ireland and how this expressed in the literature of Kate O'Brien 2 . Chapter one will focus on O'Brien's first novel Without My Cloak which became a best seller and won her the first Hawthornden and James Tait Black memorial prizes. 3 By examining the lives of O'Brien's key female characters it will become clear how the ideology of separate spheres combined with codes and expectations of a patriarchal society effected the lives of these women in various ways. Later on in chapter one we will see evidence from various journals and diaries which belonged to women in nineteenth century Ireland that confirm that these rigid codes and boundaries which restricted women truly were a reality in Ireland and not just true of O'Brien's fictional characters. Chapter two will focus on The Ante-Room, a sequel to Without My Cloak, first published in 1934. Again, by focusing on the main female characters in The Ante-Room, chapter two aims to unveils how these women were confined and restricted due to the dominant patriarchal society. The use of primary sources such as diaries and journals in chapter two also will reinforce this reality.
Basil Bernstein makes a significant contribution to the study of Communication with his socioling... more Basil Bernstein makes a significant contribution to the study of Communication with his sociolinguistic theory of language codes (Young 2002). He researched speech and how it affected educational attainment and suggested that class difference in speech patterns were related to educational attainment ((Bryant). As discussed by Alberto & Antikainen (2003, p.31), Beirnstein's basic theory revolves around how class factors regulate the structure of linguistic communication in the family and therefore internalization in infancy of a specific sociolinguistic code, in such a way that class relations regulate what Bernstein calls the "restricted and elaborate codes" in education that in turn determine success or failure at school. This essay will discuss Bernstein's sociolinguistic codes focusing on the socialisation of children from differing social classes and how this may effect upon them entering formal education. This essay will consider factors such as external influences on language such as environment, family roles and background, notions of identity and inequalities in education and income. This essay will then discuss language in terms of the school and classroom, textbooks, the curriculum and teachers attitudes. This essay will also address criticisms of Bernstein's work and defenders of his theory. Finally this essay will consider the relevance of Bernstein's sociolinguistic codes for practicing teachers referring to case study findings and personal teaching experience.
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Drafts by Emma Towey