In recent decades, Mashhad as the second largest city of Iran after Tehran has experienced rapidl... more In recent decades, Mashhad as the second largest city of Iran after Tehran has experienced rapidly physical expansion regardless of the citizens' need for green space. The importance of Mashhad's urban green space is understandable from two dimensions, the first one is the existing population of the area and its increasing trend as the second most populous city of Iran and the other is the religious position of Mashhad, which annually receives millions of domestic and foreign travelers. Therefore, the aim of this paper is the investigation of urban green spaces performance in term of economic and social indicators in the Mashhad metropolis area. This research is an applied study by considering to its goal, and a descriptive analytical study for respect to its nature. It was also predominantly carried out with a quantitative approach. The statistical population for this research included the total population of Mashhad, and 380 peoples were selected as the sample using Cochra...
Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 2019
Background and Objective: Health and social services have broad domain like encompassing healthca... more Background and Objective: Health and social services have broad domain like encompassing healthcare, childcare and youth services, maternal services, senior citizen organizations, community centers and public amenities. Livability can be considered as the characteristics of the urban environment, which makes it an attractive place to live. This study was conducted to analysis of the urban livability of Mashhad in north-east of Iran metropolis based on health indicator. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study the maps related to the status of each of objective subindicators including Spatial distribution of hospital, clinic, health center, emergency center and toilet based on the limits of Mashhad metropolis's zones (13 zones) were drawn by using the GIS Software. For mental indicator of health including physical health, relaxation, health services and satisfaction of health was used questionnaire. The sample size in all zones of Mashhad was equal 402 persons. Results: 39% ...
Abstract. Urban branding is a relatively new field which is required for cities and countries to ... more Abstract. Urban branding is a relatively new field which is required for cities and countries to survive in today's competitive world and retain their sustainability of competitive advantage. In the meantime, it is inevitable to use the experiences of successful cities in this field and understand their followed process. In this research which is a comparative study with equivalent conditions, branding process is investigated in three successful cities of Barcelona (Spain), Edinburgh (Scotland), and Chicago (United States of America) and their success factors are classified based on three key factors including strategic orientation, destination identity and image, and stakeholder involvement; these factors also include the comparative parameters of this study. Afterwards, using the results obtained through these globally successful experiences, some solutions are presented for the entry of Mashhad metropolis into branding process considering the three key success factors.
Iran's population has risen sharply in the past few decades, so that a 49 million in 1986 pop... more Iran's population has risen sharply in the past few decades, so that a 49 million in 1986 population reached to a population of 70 million in 2005. The increasing population led to uncontrolled expansion of cities as well as the establishment of an unbalanced population structure and activities in the cities. As a result of such developments as well as the neglect of urban management, inner-city areas became to the damaged Areas. Mashhad can be introduced as the second largest metropolis in Iran. Each year millions of visitors enter to the city and are a large number of them tried to have settled around the shrine. The present paper studied the overall process of renewal and rehabilitation of urban centers before and after the Islamic revolution.
The main objective of this study is to investigate the problem of marginalization in city of Ahwa... more The main objective of this study is to investigate the problem of marginalization in city of Ahwaz and to propose empowering strategies within the liberal framework. The staggering growth of Ahwaz population as the regional center in the Southwest of Iran, the seventh metropolis of Iran and the second largest city in terms of marginalization have given rise to a plethora of problems such as filthy marginalized communities, illegal housing, etc. One of these marginalized communities is Ghale Chanan District. It has been infused with numerous problems in the last few decades to the extent that it poses health, safety and welfare threats to the city. Empowerment is based on the poverty alleviation and its advancement depends on the cooperation of the citizens and urban management. It aims at provoking the sense of belonging in the area and eliciting the proper response as to the share of the state and people. What is central to this strategy is a special emphasis on increasing househol...
Today, change in approach to development has caused that human concepts such as citizen participa... more Today, change in approach to development has caused that human concepts such as citizen participation are considered as the main factor for development of cities. These transformations in literature of urban planning in developing countries (including Iran) have changed the ideas of most experts in these countries. Thus, they have emphasized on importance of participation to the realization of urban development. But despite this emphasis and even restructuring of urban management in Iran (establishment of city councils), still the lack of participation is proposed as one of the major obstacles to achievement of development. However, with these changes even the concept of participation in Iran cities is still unrealized well and lack of popular participation is a key issue in these cities. Therefore, in the process of planning, decision making and implementation of a plan, people are not involved or play just a minor role. The present study also seeks to explain this issue that why d...
Strategic look is a necessity rather than a choice in management. Knowledge, deep thinking, all o... more Strategic look is a necessity rather than a choice in management. Knowledge, deep thinking, all over view, realistic look and mature management all are necessary for such a look. By achieving modern methods, custom oriented organizations and institutes permanently try to find solutions so that by using those solutions they can attract more customs, therefore they declare their decisions to senior authorities regarding their profits and attitudes. Future belongs to organizations that coordinate with new realities and its necessities. By achieving modern methods, customer-oriented organizations and institutes are constantly trying to search for other solutions to inspire more customers so that based on their interests and attitudes, they voice their opinion to the superiors of the organization. Numerous researches all indicate that customers can change the production line. Therefore, organizations and large companies consider "voice of customer" more than before. They are constantly ready to meet customers' demands. In this paper, we study the voice of customer in the municipilties of Tehran. Fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (FMCDM) is one of the suitable models of ranking the key criteria of the voice of customer. In fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (Fuzzy AHP) and Fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATAL), we ranked the key criteria of the voice of customer in Iran Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies (ITMC). In methodological and theoretical view, this research had done based on structuralism and historical-creating analysis in macro and guideline levels. This research had done in library-documentary method and qualitative analysis in several ways and its goal is achieving to optimum methodology.
Because the geographical space is the fundamental content of the geography science, the discussio... more Because the geographical space is the fundamental content of the geography science, the discussion of nature of it and this question that what is the “geographical” meaning of “space”? Are always essential issues in the geography science? This article tries to prepare a context to debate of the nature of "geographical space" and it tries to answer to this question that what is the "geographical space"? This article does these via the debating of the philosophical kind of spatial thoughts and via a critical view to them.
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2021
Increased resource demand due to rapid urbanization has made cities like Mashhad highly dependent... more Increased resource demand due to rapid urbanization has made cities like Mashhad highly dependent on their surroundings for resource supply and waste disposal, and has negatively impacted their local-regional hinterlands. To reduce the metabolic footprint of cities and create an environmentally restorative relationship between cities and their supporting ecosystems, a transition toward local alternative and renewable sources is essential. This paper explores potentials for water and energy self-sufficient provision in Mashhad using the Urban Harvesting method to practically illustrate how cities could seek opportunities to meet their needs within their boundaries before relying on external supplies. Results showed that solar photovoltaic and biogas could provide 4495.2 and 472.6 GWh/yr electricity, altogether enabling Mashhad to offset 100% of its consumption. Water cascading and recycling have the potential to meet 72% of the demand, and replace around 125 mcm/yr of imported water. Similarly, water self-sufficiency would increase by 5%–8% (8.6–14.7 mcm/yr) when collecting rainwater from rooftops.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the physical …; [Singh; 2014] Urban growth using shannon entropy …; [S... more Spatiotemporal analysis of the physical …; [Singh; 2014] Urban growth using shannon entropy …; [Statistical Centre of Iran; 2011] Macro results of statistical …; [Tewolde & Cabral; 2011] Urban sprawl analysis and modeling in …; [Thomas; 1981] Information statistics in …; [Yu & Ng; 2007] Spatial and temporal dynamics of urban …; [Yuan;; 2005] Land cover classification and change analysis … Introduction and Background Urban sprawl is a key subject of interest among urban planners and policy-makers, which needs to measure and monitor in order to overcome its impacts. In fact, urban expansion, and sprawl modeling is an interdisciplinary field as it involves numerous scientific areas such as geographical information system (GIS), complexity theory, urban geography, and remote sensing. Aims The present study aims to generate an urban sprawl model using spatial planning approaches in Mashhad city. This type of measurement of physical growth in urban districts of Mashhad city is essential to urban planners and decision-makers who immediately need updated database for planning and management purposes. Methodology For this purpose, modified relative Shannon's entropy together with hierarchical clustering analysis was considered. Five geo-statistical variables were considered as independent input variables to measure sprawl model. Thus, to reveal probability relations between sprawl indices and aforementioned independent variables the correlation coefficients were used. Conclusion The results revealed an analogous output for both relative entropy measurement and hierarchical clustering analysis through the sprawl model. On this basis, three municipality districts were categorized as prone zones of the study area in regard of sprawl expansion pattern. A direct and significant correlation between sprawl indices and informal settlements was estimated equal to 0.44 through municipality districts. Also, direct correlations (R=0.32 to 0.30) were observed between sprawl index and frequency of crimes and building parcel size. Contrarily, the result revealed a reverse correlation (R=−0.50) between sprawl index and land price index was explored based on each districts. It seems that the sprawl expansion in these districts influenced the growth of informal settlements and increase of crimes. This phenomenon could trigger negative environmental and socio-economical impacts in the study area. Hence, the urban management in Mashhad city should control the sprawl expansion in the prone districts by environmental prevention of land use change and land degradation.
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, Jul 31, 2013
There are numerous Iranian provinces in the border area and Kurdistan is the most important regio... more There are numerous Iranian provinces in the border area and Kurdistan is the most important regional settlement in North West border line of Iran country. In recent years many transformations have occurred in Kurdish society and its population and area has changed from 350000 people in 1860 to 1,589,222 persons in the year of 2013. Regional development in case study region has a special status and has different situation in compare with other provinces of Iran. In order to, the aim of this paper is evaluation of regional development in Kurdish border cities of Iran with emphasize on Kurdistan province. Applied methodology in current research is based on the descriptive-analytical approach, then by TOPSIS model were determined the ranking of counties in any of the development sections. Results showed that Sanandaj ranked in first and Sarv Abad ranked in 10 among 23 Kurdistan cities (10 main cities and 13 minor cities as subset cities). Also after the Islamic revaluation of Iran Kurdish cities in numerous sections take an accelerated process to access sustainable regional development. Finally we presented some solve ways.
The DRM (dynamic contact resistance measurement) in high voltage circuit breakers is a manner of ... more The DRM (dynamic contact resistance measurement) in high voltage circuit breakers is a manner of evaluating the internal ageing condition of the chamber. DRM is similar to static contact resistance measurement testing, but instead of measuring a single value when the breaker contacts are closed (static value), the ohmic resistance is measured at various contact positions, from the beginning of the contact opening until a complete separation of the contacts. The relationship between the contact resistances of the new circuit breaker and the ageing circuit breaker in operation provides subsidy for the evaluation of both the main and arcing contact conditions. This research aims to analyze the correlation between the various levels of degradation of the contacts and the configuration of the DRM curve. This work considers curve samples from new breaker chamber contacts and different levels of degradation by acceleration tests.
International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Jul 12, 2012
The symbol of ecological urban sustainable development is the construction of urban ecological pa... more The symbol of ecological urban sustainable development is the construction of urban ecological parks or Ecoparks. This paper's aim is to provide standards and criteria for ecological planning in urban parks and use them in the design of parks. Finally the comparison of three existing parks in Mashhad with the principles of ecological parks is the last purpose. The statistical society is all parks of Mashhad metropolitan and the case study are three parks of Mellat, Vahdat and Koohsangi. Evaluation of ecological indicators is in the three main axes of Physical and Ecological Design, Environmental Principles, and Educational and Cultural principles. The current status of these parks is inappropriate that are being non-ecological. In order to improve the quality of existing parks we offer suggestions in micro and macro levels of management, planning and design of urban green spaces. Finally the ecological landscape thinking will be clear at the end.
ABSTRACT Melbourne is one of the most livable cities in the world and it is expected to become a ... more ABSTRACT Melbourne is one of the most livable cities in the world and it is expected to become a global city of opportunities by 2050. These features along with some of the challenges Melbourne will face with in the future, necessitate land use change simulations. Therefore, land use changes in north Melbourne with an area of 2,425.42 km2 during 2014–2019 and its future changes until 2030 and 2050 have been simulated. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks were used along with Markov chain model in ArcGIS and TerrSet software. Results showed that while proportions of residential and industrial–commercial land uses increased from 35.90% (870.70 km2) in 2014 to 38.53% (934.50 km2) in 2019, that of forest and agricultural-grassland decreased from 62.86% (1,524.01 km2) in 2014 to 57.76% (1,400.99 km2) in 2019. Similarly, the simulation results show that residential and industrial–commercial land use will increase to 42.86% (1,037.139 km2) and 44.53% (1,079.99 km2) by 2030 and 2050, respectively. In the same period, forest and grassland-agricultural land uses are respectively expected to decline from 53.53% (1298.53 km2) to 51.76% (1255.49 km2). Spatial changes will occur mostly in the north and northwest of the Melbourne.
By introducing public transport-oriented corridor development to scientific urban planning litera... more By introducing public transport-oriented corridor development to scientific urban planning literature, the present paper aims at identifying and prioritizing development corridors of Melbourne metropolitan region according to corridor model of GIS software. To this purpose, six variables were employed; population density in 2011, main commercial centers (17 centers), metro-based transport network, tramway, freeways and main arterial highways. The resulted mapping layers were converted from vector to raster based on access radius of 400 and 800m buffers from connection lines. Considering different natures of variables, they were weighted by the option Reclassify of Arc.Gis software. Then using the option Cost-Distance, required layers were formed and finally three mapping corridor models were obtained by combining six variables using corridor model. Finally a new map was drawn indicating hybrid and the most accessible corridors by combining three corridor maps and called hybrid corri...
In recent decades, Mashhad as the second largest city of Iran after Tehran has experienced rapidl... more In recent decades, Mashhad as the second largest city of Iran after Tehran has experienced rapidly physical expansion regardless of the citizens' need for green space. The importance of Mashhad's urban green space is understandable from two dimensions, the first one is the existing population of the area and its increasing trend as the second most populous city of Iran and the other is the religious position of Mashhad, which annually receives millions of domestic and foreign travelers. Therefore, the aim of this paper is the investigation of urban green spaces performance in term of economic and social indicators in the Mashhad metropolis area. This research is an applied study by considering to its goal, and a descriptive analytical study for respect to its nature. It was also predominantly carried out with a quantitative approach. The statistical population for this research included the total population of Mashhad, and 380 peoples were selected as the sample using Cochra...
Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 2019
Background and Objective: Health and social services have broad domain like encompassing healthca... more Background and Objective: Health and social services have broad domain like encompassing healthcare, childcare and youth services, maternal services, senior citizen organizations, community centers and public amenities. Livability can be considered as the characteristics of the urban environment, which makes it an attractive place to live. This study was conducted to analysis of the urban livability of Mashhad in north-east of Iran metropolis based on health indicator. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study the maps related to the status of each of objective subindicators including Spatial distribution of hospital, clinic, health center, emergency center and toilet based on the limits of Mashhad metropolis's zones (13 zones) were drawn by using the GIS Software. For mental indicator of health including physical health, relaxation, health services and satisfaction of health was used questionnaire. The sample size in all zones of Mashhad was equal 402 persons. Results: 39% ...
Abstract. Urban branding is a relatively new field which is required for cities and countries to ... more Abstract. Urban branding is a relatively new field which is required for cities and countries to survive in today's competitive world and retain their sustainability of competitive advantage. In the meantime, it is inevitable to use the experiences of successful cities in this field and understand their followed process. In this research which is a comparative study with equivalent conditions, branding process is investigated in three successful cities of Barcelona (Spain), Edinburgh (Scotland), and Chicago (United States of America) and their success factors are classified based on three key factors including strategic orientation, destination identity and image, and stakeholder involvement; these factors also include the comparative parameters of this study. Afterwards, using the results obtained through these globally successful experiences, some solutions are presented for the entry of Mashhad metropolis into branding process considering the three key success factors.
Iran's population has risen sharply in the past few decades, so that a 49 million in 1986 pop... more Iran's population has risen sharply in the past few decades, so that a 49 million in 1986 population reached to a population of 70 million in 2005. The increasing population led to uncontrolled expansion of cities as well as the establishment of an unbalanced population structure and activities in the cities. As a result of such developments as well as the neglect of urban management, inner-city areas became to the damaged Areas. Mashhad can be introduced as the second largest metropolis in Iran. Each year millions of visitors enter to the city and are a large number of them tried to have settled around the shrine. The present paper studied the overall process of renewal and rehabilitation of urban centers before and after the Islamic revolution.
The main objective of this study is to investigate the problem of marginalization in city of Ahwa... more The main objective of this study is to investigate the problem of marginalization in city of Ahwaz and to propose empowering strategies within the liberal framework. The staggering growth of Ahwaz population as the regional center in the Southwest of Iran, the seventh metropolis of Iran and the second largest city in terms of marginalization have given rise to a plethora of problems such as filthy marginalized communities, illegal housing, etc. One of these marginalized communities is Ghale Chanan District. It has been infused with numerous problems in the last few decades to the extent that it poses health, safety and welfare threats to the city. Empowerment is based on the poverty alleviation and its advancement depends on the cooperation of the citizens and urban management. It aims at provoking the sense of belonging in the area and eliciting the proper response as to the share of the state and people. What is central to this strategy is a special emphasis on increasing househol...
Today, change in approach to development has caused that human concepts such as citizen participa... more Today, change in approach to development has caused that human concepts such as citizen participation are considered as the main factor for development of cities. These transformations in literature of urban planning in developing countries (including Iran) have changed the ideas of most experts in these countries. Thus, they have emphasized on importance of participation to the realization of urban development. But despite this emphasis and even restructuring of urban management in Iran (establishment of city councils), still the lack of participation is proposed as one of the major obstacles to achievement of development. However, with these changes even the concept of participation in Iran cities is still unrealized well and lack of popular participation is a key issue in these cities. Therefore, in the process of planning, decision making and implementation of a plan, people are not involved or play just a minor role. The present study also seeks to explain this issue that why d...
Strategic look is a necessity rather than a choice in management. Knowledge, deep thinking, all o... more Strategic look is a necessity rather than a choice in management. Knowledge, deep thinking, all over view, realistic look and mature management all are necessary for such a look. By achieving modern methods, custom oriented organizations and institutes permanently try to find solutions so that by using those solutions they can attract more customs, therefore they declare their decisions to senior authorities regarding their profits and attitudes. Future belongs to organizations that coordinate with new realities and its necessities. By achieving modern methods, customer-oriented organizations and institutes are constantly trying to search for other solutions to inspire more customers so that based on their interests and attitudes, they voice their opinion to the superiors of the organization. Numerous researches all indicate that customers can change the production line. Therefore, organizations and large companies consider "voice of customer" more than before. They are constantly ready to meet customers' demands. In this paper, we study the voice of customer in the municipilties of Tehran. Fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (FMCDM) is one of the suitable models of ranking the key criteria of the voice of customer. In fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (Fuzzy AHP) and Fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATAL), we ranked the key criteria of the voice of customer in Iran Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies (ITMC). In methodological and theoretical view, this research had done based on structuralism and historical-creating analysis in macro and guideline levels. This research had done in library-documentary method and qualitative analysis in several ways and its goal is achieving to optimum methodology.
Because the geographical space is the fundamental content of the geography science, the discussio... more Because the geographical space is the fundamental content of the geography science, the discussion of nature of it and this question that what is the “geographical” meaning of “space”? Are always essential issues in the geography science? This article tries to prepare a context to debate of the nature of "geographical space" and it tries to answer to this question that what is the "geographical space"? This article does these via the debating of the philosophical kind of spatial thoughts and via a critical view to them.
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2021
Increased resource demand due to rapid urbanization has made cities like Mashhad highly dependent... more Increased resource demand due to rapid urbanization has made cities like Mashhad highly dependent on their surroundings for resource supply and waste disposal, and has negatively impacted their local-regional hinterlands. To reduce the metabolic footprint of cities and create an environmentally restorative relationship between cities and their supporting ecosystems, a transition toward local alternative and renewable sources is essential. This paper explores potentials for water and energy self-sufficient provision in Mashhad using the Urban Harvesting method to practically illustrate how cities could seek opportunities to meet their needs within their boundaries before relying on external supplies. Results showed that solar photovoltaic and biogas could provide 4495.2 and 472.6 GWh/yr electricity, altogether enabling Mashhad to offset 100% of its consumption. Water cascading and recycling have the potential to meet 72% of the demand, and replace around 125 mcm/yr of imported water. Similarly, water self-sufficiency would increase by 5%–8% (8.6–14.7 mcm/yr) when collecting rainwater from rooftops.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the physical …; [Singh; 2014] Urban growth using shannon entropy …; [S... more Spatiotemporal analysis of the physical …; [Singh; 2014] Urban growth using shannon entropy …; [Statistical Centre of Iran; 2011] Macro results of statistical …; [Tewolde & Cabral; 2011] Urban sprawl analysis and modeling in …; [Thomas; 1981] Information statistics in …; [Yu & Ng; 2007] Spatial and temporal dynamics of urban …; [Yuan;; 2005] Land cover classification and change analysis … Introduction and Background Urban sprawl is a key subject of interest among urban planners and policy-makers, which needs to measure and monitor in order to overcome its impacts. In fact, urban expansion, and sprawl modeling is an interdisciplinary field as it involves numerous scientific areas such as geographical information system (GIS), complexity theory, urban geography, and remote sensing. Aims The present study aims to generate an urban sprawl model using spatial planning approaches in Mashhad city. This type of measurement of physical growth in urban districts of Mashhad city is essential to urban planners and decision-makers who immediately need updated database for planning and management purposes. Methodology For this purpose, modified relative Shannon's entropy together with hierarchical clustering analysis was considered. Five geo-statistical variables were considered as independent input variables to measure sprawl model. Thus, to reveal probability relations between sprawl indices and aforementioned independent variables the correlation coefficients were used. Conclusion The results revealed an analogous output for both relative entropy measurement and hierarchical clustering analysis through the sprawl model. On this basis, three municipality districts were categorized as prone zones of the study area in regard of sprawl expansion pattern. A direct and significant correlation between sprawl indices and informal settlements was estimated equal to 0.44 through municipality districts. Also, direct correlations (R=0.32 to 0.30) were observed between sprawl index and frequency of crimes and building parcel size. Contrarily, the result revealed a reverse correlation (R=−0.50) between sprawl index and land price index was explored based on each districts. It seems that the sprawl expansion in these districts influenced the growth of informal settlements and increase of crimes. This phenomenon could trigger negative environmental and socio-economical impacts in the study area. Hence, the urban management in Mashhad city should control the sprawl expansion in the prone districts by environmental prevention of land use change and land degradation.
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, Jul 31, 2013
There are numerous Iranian provinces in the border area and Kurdistan is the most important regio... more There are numerous Iranian provinces in the border area and Kurdistan is the most important regional settlement in North West border line of Iran country. In recent years many transformations have occurred in Kurdish society and its population and area has changed from 350000 people in 1860 to 1,589,222 persons in the year of 2013. Regional development in case study region has a special status and has different situation in compare with other provinces of Iran. In order to, the aim of this paper is evaluation of regional development in Kurdish border cities of Iran with emphasize on Kurdistan province. Applied methodology in current research is based on the descriptive-analytical approach, then by TOPSIS model were determined the ranking of counties in any of the development sections. Results showed that Sanandaj ranked in first and Sarv Abad ranked in 10 among 23 Kurdistan cities (10 main cities and 13 minor cities as subset cities). Also after the Islamic revaluation of Iran Kurdish cities in numerous sections take an accelerated process to access sustainable regional development. Finally we presented some solve ways.
The DRM (dynamic contact resistance measurement) in high voltage circuit breakers is a manner of ... more The DRM (dynamic contact resistance measurement) in high voltage circuit breakers is a manner of evaluating the internal ageing condition of the chamber. DRM is similar to static contact resistance measurement testing, but instead of measuring a single value when the breaker contacts are closed (static value), the ohmic resistance is measured at various contact positions, from the beginning of the contact opening until a complete separation of the contacts. The relationship between the contact resistances of the new circuit breaker and the ageing circuit breaker in operation provides subsidy for the evaluation of both the main and arcing contact conditions. This research aims to analyze the correlation between the various levels of degradation of the contacts and the configuration of the DRM curve. This work considers curve samples from new breaker chamber contacts and different levels of degradation by acceleration tests.
International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Jul 12, 2012
The symbol of ecological urban sustainable development is the construction of urban ecological pa... more The symbol of ecological urban sustainable development is the construction of urban ecological parks or Ecoparks. This paper's aim is to provide standards and criteria for ecological planning in urban parks and use them in the design of parks. Finally the comparison of three existing parks in Mashhad with the principles of ecological parks is the last purpose. The statistical society is all parks of Mashhad metropolitan and the case study are three parks of Mellat, Vahdat and Koohsangi. Evaluation of ecological indicators is in the three main axes of Physical and Ecological Design, Environmental Principles, and Educational and Cultural principles. The current status of these parks is inappropriate that are being non-ecological. In order to improve the quality of existing parks we offer suggestions in micro and macro levels of management, planning and design of urban green spaces. Finally the ecological landscape thinking will be clear at the end.
ABSTRACT Melbourne is one of the most livable cities in the world and it is expected to become a ... more ABSTRACT Melbourne is one of the most livable cities in the world and it is expected to become a global city of opportunities by 2050. These features along with some of the challenges Melbourne will face with in the future, necessitate land use change simulations. Therefore, land use changes in north Melbourne with an area of 2,425.42 km2 during 2014–2019 and its future changes until 2030 and 2050 have been simulated. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks were used along with Markov chain model in ArcGIS and TerrSet software. Results showed that while proportions of residential and industrial–commercial land uses increased from 35.90% (870.70 km2) in 2014 to 38.53% (934.50 km2) in 2019, that of forest and agricultural-grassland decreased from 62.86% (1,524.01 km2) in 2014 to 57.76% (1,400.99 km2) in 2019. Similarly, the simulation results show that residential and industrial–commercial land use will increase to 42.86% (1,037.139 km2) and 44.53% (1,079.99 km2) by 2030 and 2050, respectively. In the same period, forest and grassland-agricultural land uses are respectively expected to decline from 53.53% (1298.53 km2) to 51.76% (1255.49 km2). Spatial changes will occur mostly in the north and northwest of the Melbourne.
By introducing public transport-oriented corridor development to scientific urban planning litera... more By introducing public transport-oriented corridor development to scientific urban planning literature, the present paper aims at identifying and prioritizing development corridors of Melbourne metropolitan region according to corridor model of GIS software. To this purpose, six variables were employed; population density in 2011, main commercial centers (17 centers), metro-based transport network, tramway, freeways and main arterial highways. The resulted mapping layers were converted from vector to raster based on access radius of 400 and 800m buffers from connection lines. Considering different natures of variables, they were weighted by the option Reclassify of Arc.Gis software. Then using the option Cost-Distance, required layers were formed and finally three mapping corridor models were obtained by combining six variables using corridor model. Finally a new map was drawn indicating hybrid and the most accessible corridors by combining three corridor maps and called hybrid corri...
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Papers by Rahim Rahnama