Using consensual qualitative research, researchers interviewed 16 supervisors regarding their use... more Using consensual qualitative research, researchers interviewed 16 supervisors regarding their use of self-disclosure in supervision. Supervisors reported that their prior training in supervisor self-disclosure (SRSD) came via didactic sources and encouraged judicious use of SRSD. Supervisors used SRSD to enhance supervisee development and normalize their experiences; supervisors did not use SRSD when it derailed supervision or was developmentally inappropriate for supervisees. In describing specific examples of the intervention, SRSD occurred in good supervision relationships, was stimulated by supervisees struggling, was intended to teach or normalize, and focused on supervisors\\u27 reactions to their own or their supervisees\\u27 clients. SRSD yielded largely positive effects on supervisors, supervisees, the supervision relationship, and supervisors\\u27 supervision of others
Twelve graduate-level supervisees were interviewed regarding their experiences of supervisor self... more Twelve graduate-level supervisees were interviewed regarding their experiences of supervisor self-disclosure (SRSD); data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research. When describing a specific SRSD experience, supervisees reported a range of antecedents (e.g., difficult clinical situation, self-doubt, tension in supervision relationship) followed by supervisor disclosures about clinical experiences or personal information. Supervisees perceived that their supervisors disclosed primarily to normalize, but also to build rapport and to instruct. The SRSDs had mostly positive effects (e.g., normalization), though some negative effects (e.g., deleterious impact on supervision relationship) were reported. Implications of these findings for supervision, training, and research are addressed
This study explores the validity of a construct of cognitive spirituality as measured by a recent... more This study explores the validity of a construct of cognitive spirituality as measured by a recent measure, the Spirituality Index of Well-Being, in a sample of Catholic high school students. Spirituality on this scale is conceptualized as a composite of life scheme (having meaning in one’s life) and generalized self-efficacy. Construct-based validity evidence was produced through factor analysis and examination of correlations between the spirituality scale and subscale scores with scale and subscale scores on the Children’s Hope Scale, a well-being indicator previously used for this population. In addition, differences between male and female students were found, with females producing higher scores on the life scheme subscale, suggesting a greater sense of meaning in their lives. The Spirituality Index of Well-Being also demonstrated high internal reliability in this sample. It is argued that the goal of Catholic education is education of the whole person and that this conceptuali...
This chapter explores hope theory, measurement (i.e., Children’s Hope Scale and Adult Disposition... more This chapter explores hope theory, measurement (i.e., Children’s Hope Scale and Adult Dispositional Hope Scale), and research with regard to diverse racial and ethnic groups. Utilizing a cultural context lens, a case study of a Latina adolescent without documentation is used to illustrate how culture influences goals, obstacles, agency, and pathways. Research about the equivalence of hope across groups, including racial and ethnic groups within the United States as well as in other countries, is reviewed. The chapter concludes with a summary of findings regarding hope measurement and hope theory as they apply to various cultural groups and suggestions for future research in the field.
Hope is a valuable asset for children, adolescents, and adults. Individuals with high hope are be... more Hope is a valuable asset for children, adolescents, and adults. Individuals with high hope are better able to navigate around obstacles by using pathways and agency thoughts toward their goals. Studies with children and adults have demonstrated that hope is related to several positive constructs, including academic and athletic ability, problem solving and coping, physical health, and psychological adjustment. This study explores hope in Catholic school students. Because Catholic schools provide a unique faith community for their students, a better understanding of the characteristics of children in these settings is important. Analyses showed that Catholic school students' hope scores were significantly higher than the general mean of children's hope scores. Implications and suggestions for fostering hope in the classroom are provided.
In Chap. 2, psychosocial theories are presented that provide the most promise for understanding a... more In Chap. 2, psychosocial theories are presented that provide the most promise for understanding and treating young Latinas. We begin with the theories that focus on depression (cognitive behavioral therapy and acculturative stress models) and then move onto theories that are specific to suicidal behavior, including the interpersonal theory of suicide and Zayas’s ecodevelopmental model. Depression is one of the leading risk indicators for suicide. Over the life course, people with untreated depression have a nearly 20 % risk of suicide; about two-thirds (2/3) of people who commit suicide are believed to be depressed at the time of their deaths. Depression was the most robust predictor of suicidality in a sample of urban Latino and Black adolescents. Any theory that increases our understanding of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Latina adolescents should take into account depression as a precursor.
Many Latina adolescents cope effectively with stress and experience positive physical and mental ... more Many Latina adolescents cope effectively with stress and experience positive physical and mental health in spite of high levels of poverty, discrimination, bicultural stress, and lowered expectations. Understanding the resilience inherent in how these young Latinas “make it” is a critical component of prevention and intervention. In this chapter, we review the Multiracial Feminist Framework to identify macrosystem, mesosystem, and microsystem factors within a resilience perspective as a way to frame our discussion of protective factors and cultural strengths. As can be seen from this review of protective factors, researchers are only beginning to understand the possible resources that may help young Latinas prevent depression and suicide, such as cultural strengths (familism, biculturalism/bilingualism, spirituality, feminist consciousness), school connectedness, and individual factors (self-esteem, coping, socioemotional development).
This chapter provides an overview of research on the mental health of Latinos in the United State... more This chapter provides an overview of research on the mental health of Latinos in the United States with emphasis on the cultural constructs and theories with relevance for assessment and intervention with this population. A distinction is made between factors that confer advantages and those that may increase vulnerability at both the individual and environmental levels. This chapter suggests that treatment considerations need to be tailored based on individual needs that incorporate complexities of culture and gender so that clients are not viewed in a stereotypical manner. This discussion is followed by a summary of contemporary research rooted in positive and resilience psychology in order to build on strengths within the culture, such as positive ethnic identity, civic engagement, family support, bicultural teaching in the home, spirituality, and storytelling.
ABSTRACT The effort to advance the multicultural counseling movement has been hard-fought over th... more ABSTRACT The effort to advance the multicultural counseling movement has been hard-fought over the past few decades. In recent years, important work has been done to further advance the multicultural counseling movement through the paradigm of social justice. The social justice paradigm calls into question the colonial structure in which notions of counseling competence in general, and multicultural counseling competence in particular, have been defined and investigated. In this chapter, we attempt to shine a critical light on these colonial foundations as they pertain to researching the multicultural counseling competencies. The purpose of this chapter is threefold. First, we describe the colonial foundations of the counseling profession in general, and of the multicultural counseling competency paradigm specifically. Second, using liberation psychology (Martín-Baró 1994) as a lens, we detail the implications these colonial foundations have for research on multicultural counseling competencies. Third, we provide suggestions for decolonizing the process of research on multicultural counseling competencies. Ultimately, we aim to provide a map for rethinking multicultural counseling competencies and how the counseling profession might define and investigate such competencies in the future. Based on our analysis, we provide recommendations for counselors, counselor educators, and researchers. Specifically, our suggestions are aimed at rethinking our roles as professionals, and engaging marginalized and oppressed clients in the process of defining and researching multicultural counseling competence—a term that may not stand up to scrutiny when analyzed from a liberatory perspective in collaboration with oppressed clients and populations.
This article focuses on growth-promoting aspects in the environment, and the authors propose a st... more This article focuses on growth-promoting aspects in the environment, and the authors propose a strength-based, dynamic model of person-environment interaction. The authors begin by briefly discussing the typical recognition of contextual variables in models that rely on the concept of person-environment fit. This is followed by a review of recent approaches to incorporating positive environmental factors in conceptualizations of human functioning. These approaches lead to an alternative model of personenvironment interaction in which the engagement construct (i.e., the quality of a personenvironment relationship determined by the extent to which negotiation, participation, and evaluation processes occur during the interaction) replaces the static notion of fit. Finally, the authors outline recommendations for overcoming environmental neglect in research, practice, and training.
Background: Approximately 2.4 million people are living with HIV in India. This large disease bur... more Background: Approximately 2.4 million people are living with HIV in India. This large disease burden, and potential for epidemic spread in some areas, demands a full understanding of transmission in that country. We wished to quantify the effects of key sexual risk factors for HIV infection for each gender and among high-and low-HIV risk populations in India. Methodology: We conducted a systematic review of sexual risk factors for HIV infection from 35 published studies. Risk factors analyzed were: male circumcision/religion, Herpes Simplex Virus 2, syphilis, gonorrhoea, genital ulcer, multiple sexual partners and commercial sex. Studies were included if they met predetermined criteria. Data were extracted and checked by two researchers and random-effects meta analysis of effects was conducted. Heterogeneity in effect estimates was examined by I 2 statistic. Publication bias was tested by Begg's test and funnel plots. Meta regression was used to assess effect modification by various study attributes. Results: All risk factors were significantly associated with HIV status. The factor most strongly associated with HIV for both sexes was HSV-2 infection (OR men : 5.87; 95%CI: 2.46-14.03; OR women : 6.44; 95%CI: 3.22-12.86). The effect of multiple sexual partners was similar among men (OR = 2.46; 95%CI: 1.91-3.17,) and women (OR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.43-2.87) and when further stratified by HIV-risk group. The association between HSV-2 and HIV prevalence was consistently stronger than other STIs or self-reported genital ulcer. If the strong associations between HSV-2 and HIV were interpreted causally, these results implied that approximately half of the HIV infections observed in our study population were attributable to HSV-2 infection. Conclusions: The risk factors examined in our analysis should remain targets of HIV prevention programs. Our results confirm that sexual risk factors for HIV infection continue to be an important part of Indian HIV epidemic 26 years after it began.
Current diagnostic processes reflect the limitations and utility of the framework of the Diagnost... more Current diagnostic processes reflect the limitations and utility of the framework of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Clinical information in the DSM-IV's 5-axis system almost exclusively focuses on weaknesses and pathology and is summarized in a flawed categorical system. Hence, the authors describe 3 adjunctive, or alternative, means of conceptualizing behavior; several means of altering the current DSM-IV system; and 2 future directions in the diagnosis of strengths.
The current research is designed to explore the relationship among discrimination stress, coping ... more The current research is designed to explore the relationship among discrimination stress, coping strategies, and self-esteem among Mexican descent youth ( N = 73, age 11-15 years). Results suggest that primary control engagement and disengagement coping strategies are positively associated with discrimination stress. Furthermore, self-esteem is predicted by an interaction of primary control engagement coping and discrimination stress, such that at higher levels of discrimination stress, youth who engaged in more primary control engagement coping reported higher self-esteem. The authors' findings indicate that Mexican descent youth are actively finding ways to cope with the common experience of negative stereotypes and prejudice, such that their self-esteem is protected from the stressful impact of discrimination and prejudice. Implications of these findings for Latino/a youth resilience are discussed.
As our capacity for communication with nations across the globe increases through the advances of... more As our capacity for communication with nations across the globe increases through the advances of technology, our interactions with others with different worldviews also become more frequent. This exposure to diversity on so many levels requires a better understanding of the multiple contexts in which people from different cultural backgrounds live and the strengths they possess that help them experience well-being. In order to define the characteristics that may be viewed as strengths in different groups, we must make efforts to remember that cultural rules and norms often dictate what can be called a strength versus a weakness. It is imperative that we are able to recognize that strengths may look very different in different contexts and that these diverse manifestations may come from a variety of worldviews. More work must be done in order to develop a better understanding of the way that cultural context plays a role in the operationalization, manifestation, and measurement of s...
Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology
While there has been increased attention to advocacy within counseling and counseling psychology,... more While there has been increased attention to advocacy within counseling and counseling psychology, it has been noted that trainees generally feel unprepared to engage in advocacy and do not participant e in this type of work to a large extent, even with increased age or professional experience). The qualitative study summarizes the findings of a project within a graduate multicultural counseling course designed to increase trainee knowledge and confidence related to advocacy. This project required students (N = 19) to complete individual advocacy projects in the community, with opportunities for self-reflection and evaluation of their progress throughout the semester. Student reflection responses about the effects of this project were analyzed using methods from Grounded Theory by a collaborative research team. This process resulted in a core category of responses that included expanded definitions of advocacy, increased self-confidence regarding advocacy work, obstacles encountered,...
In the United States, teen dating violence (TDV) is a concern across ethnic groups. Attitudes and... more In the United States, teen dating violence (TDV) is a concern across ethnic groups. Attitudes and correlates of violence differ by gender, culture, and acculturation. This study used a qualitative interpretive approach. Data were obtained in focus groups with 23 Latino male adolescents. Themes reflected contexts of participants' lives, and definitions and nature of dating relationships and TDV. Participants described the importance of respecting dating partners, the destructive effects of TDV, and the pressure to display masculinity that can lead some young men to perpetrate TDV. These results may advance culturally relevant interventions to promote healthy relationships and prevent dating violence.
As society becomes increasingly diverse, the issue about language used for assessments becomes cr... more As society becomes increasingly diverse, the issue about language used for assessments becomes critical. Research suggests that completing measures in a language other than one's native language may result in inaccurate scores. The Children's Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1997), a scale assessing dispositional hope in children ages 8 to 16, was translated into Spanish for this present study. A sample of bilingual children (N=36) completed both the English and Spanish versions of the scale at 1-month intervals. A significant correlation between these two versions suggests that the Spanish version may be a useful and appropriate tool for measuring hope in Spanish-speaking children. Findings such as these can help expand the understanding of positive psychological constructs as they relate to diverse populations and can improve assessment of multicultural populations. (Contains 11 references.) (JDM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
... related to lower incidence of pregnancy (Adolph, Ramos, Linto, & Grimes, 1995... more ... related to lower incidence of pregnancy (Adolph, Ramos, Linto, & Grimes, 1995), sexual abstinence (Aspy et al., 2009) and increased condom use (Buzi, Smith, & Weinman, 2009). ... Adolph, C. Ramos, DE, Linton, KLP, & Grimes, DA (1995). Pregnancy among Hispanic ...
Using consensual qualitative research, researchers interviewed 16 supervisors regarding their use... more Using consensual qualitative research, researchers interviewed 16 supervisors regarding their use of self-disclosure in supervision. Supervisors reported that their prior training in supervisor self-disclosure (SRSD) came via didactic sources and encouraged judicious use of SRSD. Supervisors used SRSD to enhance supervisee development and normalize their experiences; supervisors did not use SRSD when it derailed supervision or was developmentally inappropriate for supervisees. In describing specific examples of the intervention, SRSD occurred in good supervision relationships, was stimulated by supervisees struggling, was intended to teach or normalize, and focused on supervisors\\u27 reactions to their own or their supervisees\\u27 clients. SRSD yielded largely positive effects on supervisors, supervisees, the supervision relationship, and supervisors\\u27 supervision of others
Twelve graduate-level supervisees were interviewed regarding their experiences of supervisor self... more Twelve graduate-level supervisees were interviewed regarding their experiences of supervisor self-disclosure (SRSD); data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research. When describing a specific SRSD experience, supervisees reported a range of antecedents (e.g., difficult clinical situation, self-doubt, tension in supervision relationship) followed by supervisor disclosures about clinical experiences or personal information. Supervisees perceived that their supervisors disclosed primarily to normalize, but also to build rapport and to instruct. The SRSDs had mostly positive effects (e.g., normalization), though some negative effects (e.g., deleterious impact on supervision relationship) were reported. Implications of these findings for supervision, training, and research are addressed
This study explores the validity of a construct of cognitive spirituality as measured by a recent... more This study explores the validity of a construct of cognitive spirituality as measured by a recent measure, the Spirituality Index of Well-Being, in a sample of Catholic high school students. Spirituality on this scale is conceptualized as a composite of life scheme (having meaning in one’s life) and generalized self-efficacy. Construct-based validity evidence was produced through factor analysis and examination of correlations between the spirituality scale and subscale scores with scale and subscale scores on the Children’s Hope Scale, a well-being indicator previously used for this population. In addition, differences between male and female students were found, with females producing higher scores on the life scheme subscale, suggesting a greater sense of meaning in their lives. The Spirituality Index of Well-Being also demonstrated high internal reliability in this sample. It is argued that the goal of Catholic education is education of the whole person and that this conceptuali...
This chapter explores hope theory, measurement (i.e., Children’s Hope Scale and Adult Disposition... more This chapter explores hope theory, measurement (i.e., Children’s Hope Scale and Adult Dispositional Hope Scale), and research with regard to diverse racial and ethnic groups. Utilizing a cultural context lens, a case study of a Latina adolescent without documentation is used to illustrate how culture influences goals, obstacles, agency, and pathways. Research about the equivalence of hope across groups, including racial and ethnic groups within the United States as well as in other countries, is reviewed. The chapter concludes with a summary of findings regarding hope measurement and hope theory as they apply to various cultural groups and suggestions for future research in the field.
Hope is a valuable asset for children, adolescents, and adults. Individuals with high hope are be... more Hope is a valuable asset for children, adolescents, and adults. Individuals with high hope are better able to navigate around obstacles by using pathways and agency thoughts toward their goals. Studies with children and adults have demonstrated that hope is related to several positive constructs, including academic and athletic ability, problem solving and coping, physical health, and psychological adjustment. This study explores hope in Catholic school students. Because Catholic schools provide a unique faith community for their students, a better understanding of the characteristics of children in these settings is important. Analyses showed that Catholic school students' hope scores were significantly higher than the general mean of children's hope scores. Implications and suggestions for fostering hope in the classroom are provided.
In Chap. 2, psychosocial theories are presented that provide the most promise for understanding a... more In Chap. 2, psychosocial theories are presented that provide the most promise for understanding and treating young Latinas. We begin with the theories that focus on depression (cognitive behavioral therapy and acculturative stress models) and then move onto theories that are specific to suicidal behavior, including the interpersonal theory of suicide and Zayas’s ecodevelopmental model. Depression is one of the leading risk indicators for suicide. Over the life course, people with untreated depression have a nearly 20 % risk of suicide; about two-thirds (2/3) of people who commit suicide are believed to be depressed at the time of their deaths. Depression was the most robust predictor of suicidality in a sample of urban Latino and Black adolescents. Any theory that increases our understanding of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Latina adolescents should take into account depression as a precursor.
Many Latina adolescents cope effectively with stress and experience positive physical and mental ... more Many Latina adolescents cope effectively with stress and experience positive physical and mental health in spite of high levels of poverty, discrimination, bicultural stress, and lowered expectations. Understanding the resilience inherent in how these young Latinas “make it” is a critical component of prevention and intervention. In this chapter, we review the Multiracial Feminist Framework to identify macrosystem, mesosystem, and microsystem factors within a resilience perspective as a way to frame our discussion of protective factors and cultural strengths. As can be seen from this review of protective factors, researchers are only beginning to understand the possible resources that may help young Latinas prevent depression and suicide, such as cultural strengths (familism, biculturalism/bilingualism, spirituality, feminist consciousness), school connectedness, and individual factors (self-esteem, coping, socioemotional development).
This chapter provides an overview of research on the mental health of Latinos in the United State... more This chapter provides an overview of research on the mental health of Latinos in the United States with emphasis on the cultural constructs and theories with relevance for assessment and intervention with this population. A distinction is made between factors that confer advantages and those that may increase vulnerability at both the individual and environmental levels. This chapter suggests that treatment considerations need to be tailored based on individual needs that incorporate complexities of culture and gender so that clients are not viewed in a stereotypical manner. This discussion is followed by a summary of contemporary research rooted in positive and resilience psychology in order to build on strengths within the culture, such as positive ethnic identity, civic engagement, family support, bicultural teaching in the home, spirituality, and storytelling.
ABSTRACT The effort to advance the multicultural counseling movement has been hard-fought over th... more ABSTRACT The effort to advance the multicultural counseling movement has been hard-fought over the past few decades. In recent years, important work has been done to further advance the multicultural counseling movement through the paradigm of social justice. The social justice paradigm calls into question the colonial structure in which notions of counseling competence in general, and multicultural counseling competence in particular, have been defined and investigated. In this chapter, we attempt to shine a critical light on these colonial foundations as they pertain to researching the multicultural counseling competencies. The purpose of this chapter is threefold. First, we describe the colonial foundations of the counseling profession in general, and of the multicultural counseling competency paradigm specifically. Second, using liberation psychology (Martín-Baró 1994) as a lens, we detail the implications these colonial foundations have for research on multicultural counseling competencies. Third, we provide suggestions for decolonizing the process of research on multicultural counseling competencies. Ultimately, we aim to provide a map for rethinking multicultural counseling competencies and how the counseling profession might define and investigate such competencies in the future. Based on our analysis, we provide recommendations for counselors, counselor educators, and researchers. Specifically, our suggestions are aimed at rethinking our roles as professionals, and engaging marginalized and oppressed clients in the process of defining and researching multicultural counseling competence—a term that may not stand up to scrutiny when analyzed from a liberatory perspective in collaboration with oppressed clients and populations.
This article focuses on growth-promoting aspects in the environment, and the authors propose a st... more This article focuses on growth-promoting aspects in the environment, and the authors propose a strength-based, dynamic model of person-environment interaction. The authors begin by briefly discussing the typical recognition of contextual variables in models that rely on the concept of person-environment fit. This is followed by a review of recent approaches to incorporating positive environmental factors in conceptualizations of human functioning. These approaches lead to an alternative model of personenvironment interaction in which the engagement construct (i.e., the quality of a personenvironment relationship determined by the extent to which negotiation, participation, and evaluation processes occur during the interaction) replaces the static notion of fit. Finally, the authors outline recommendations for overcoming environmental neglect in research, practice, and training.
Background: Approximately 2.4 million people are living with HIV in India. This large disease bur... more Background: Approximately 2.4 million people are living with HIV in India. This large disease burden, and potential for epidemic spread in some areas, demands a full understanding of transmission in that country. We wished to quantify the effects of key sexual risk factors for HIV infection for each gender and among high-and low-HIV risk populations in India. Methodology: We conducted a systematic review of sexual risk factors for HIV infection from 35 published studies. Risk factors analyzed were: male circumcision/religion, Herpes Simplex Virus 2, syphilis, gonorrhoea, genital ulcer, multiple sexual partners and commercial sex. Studies were included if they met predetermined criteria. Data were extracted and checked by two researchers and random-effects meta analysis of effects was conducted. Heterogeneity in effect estimates was examined by I 2 statistic. Publication bias was tested by Begg's test and funnel plots. Meta regression was used to assess effect modification by various study attributes. Results: All risk factors were significantly associated with HIV status. The factor most strongly associated with HIV for both sexes was HSV-2 infection (OR men : 5.87; 95%CI: 2.46-14.03; OR women : 6.44; 95%CI: 3.22-12.86). The effect of multiple sexual partners was similar among men (OR = 2.46; 95%CI: 1.91-3.17,) and women (OR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.43-2.87) and when further stratified by HIV-risk group. The association between HSV-2 and HIV prevalence was consistently stronger than other STIs or self-reported genital ulcer. If the strong associations between HSV-2 and HIV were interpreted causally, these results implied that approximately half of the HIV infections observed in our study population were attributable to HSV-2 infection. Conclusions: The risk factors examined in our analysis should remain targets of HIV prevention programs. Our results confirm that sexual risk factors for HIV infection continue to be an important part of Indian HIV epidemic 26 years after it began.
Current diagnostic processes reflect the limitations and utility of the framework of the Diagnost... more Current diagnostic processes reflect the limitations and utility of the framework of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Clinical information in the DSM-IV's 5-axis system almost exclusively focuses on weaknesses and pathology and is summarized in a flawed categorical system. Hence, the authors describe 3 adjunctive, or alternative, means of conceptualizing behavior; several means of altering the current DSM-IV system; and 2 future directions in the diagnosis of strengths.
The current research is designed to explore the relationship among discrimination stress, coping ... more The current research is designed to explore the relationship among discrimination stress, coping strategies, and self-esteem among Mexican descent youth ( N = 73, age 11-15 years). Results suggest that primary control engagement and disengagement coping strategies are positively associated with discrimination stress. Furthermore, self-esteem is predicted by an interaction of primary control engagement coping and discrimination stress, such that at higher levels of discrimination stress, youth who engaged in more primary control engagement coping reported higher self-esteem. The authors' findings indicate that Mexican descent youth are actively finding ways to cope with the common experience of negative stereotypes and prejudice, such that their self-esteem is protected from the stressful impact of discrimination and prejudice. Implications of these findings for Latino/a youth resilience are discussed.
As our capacity for communication with nations across the globe increases through the advances of... more As our capacity for communication with nations across the globe increases through the advances of technology, our interactions with others with different worldviews also become more frequent. This exposure to diversity on so many levels requires a better understanding of the multiple contexts in which people from different cultural backgrounds live and the strengths they possess that help them experience well-being. In order to define the characteristics that may be viewed as strengths in different groups, we must make efforts to remember that cultural rules and norms often dictate what can be called a strength versus a weakness. It is imperative that we are able to recognize that strengths may look very different in different contexts and that these diverse manifestations may come from a variety of worldviews. More work must be done in order to develop a better understanding of the way that cultural context plays a role in the operationalization, manifestation, and measurement of s...
Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology
While there has been increased attention to advocacy within counseling and counseling psychology,... more While there has been increased attention to advocacy within counseling and counseling psychology, it has been noted that trainees generally feel unprepared to engage in advocacy and do not participant e in this type of work to a large extent, even with increased age or professional experience). The qualitative study summarizes the findings of a project within a graduate multicultural counseling course designed to increase trainee knowledge and confidence related to advocacy. This project required students (N = 19) to complete individual advocacy projects in the community, with opportunities for self-reflection and evaluation of their progress throughout the semester. Student reflection responses about the effects of this project were analyzed using methods from Grounded Theory by a collaborative research team. This process resulted in a core category of responses that included expanded definitions of advocacy, increased self-confidence regarding advocacy work, obstacles encountered,...
In the United States, teen dating violence (TDV) is a concern across ethnic groups. Attitudes and... more In the United States, teen dating violence (TDV) is a concern across ethnic groups. Attitudes and correlates of violence differ by gender, culture, and acculturation. This study used a qualitative interpretive approach. Data were obtained in focus groups with 23 Latino male adolescents. Themes reflected contexts of participants' lives, and definitions and nature of dating relationships and TDV. Participants described the importance of respecting dating partners, the destructive effects of TDV, and the pressure to display masculinity that can lead some young men to perpetrate TDV. These results may advance culturally relevant interventions to promote healthy relationships and prevent dating violence.
As society becomes increasingly diverse, the issue about language used for assessments becomes cr... more As society becomes increasingly diverse, the issue about language used for assessments becomes critical. Research suggests that completing measures in a language other than one's native language may result in inaccurate scores. The Children's Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1997), a scale assessing dispositional hope in children ages 8 to 16, was translated into Spanish for this present study. A sample of bilingual children (N=36) completed both the English and Spanish versions of the scale at 1-month intervals. A significant correlation between these two versions suggests that the Spanish version may be a useful and appropriate tool for measuring hope in Spanish-speaking children. Findings such as these can help expand the understanding of positive psychological constructs as they relate to diverse populations and can improve assessment of multicultural populations. (Contains 11 references.) (JDM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
... related to lower incidence of pregnancy (Adolph, Ramos, Linto, & Grimes, 1995... more ... related to lower incidence of pregnancy (Adolph, Ramos, Linto, & Grimes, 1995), sexual abstinence (Aspy et al., 2009) and increased condom use (Buzi, Smith, & Weinman, 2009). ... Adolph, C. Ramos, DE, Linton, KLP, & Grimes, DA (1995). Pregnancy among Hispanic ...
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