Papers by GERALDO TADEU SANTOS
Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA, Jan 8, 2012
Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 2009
The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effects of different amounts of concentrate, thr... more The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effects of different amounts of concentrate, three (SU1) and six (SU2) kg of concentrate, on the dynamics of the solid and liquid phases in lactating Holland cows handled in fertilized Coastcross forage. For the determination of the parameters of the particle kinetics in the gastrointestinal tract, the models of Grovum e Willians (1973) and Dhanoa et al. (1985) were used, checking which provided the best predicted values of chromium excretion in the faeces and for the parameters of the solid-phase kinetics, biologically acceptable, in face of the experimental diets. The Coastcross handled in intermittent foraging, with lots of five animal units (UA)/ha had on average 11.7% PB, 70.2% FDN, 35.2% FDA and 63.8% of DIVMS. The different amounts of concentrate provided a mean dietary ingestion of 13.6% and 14.6% of MS, having nutrient percentages in the MS of the diet of 13.6% and 15.2% PB, 2.6% and 3.2% EE and FDN of 64.0% and 59.0%, respec...
Livestock Science, 2019
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service... more This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Highlights Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not improve fiber digestibility. Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not affect ruminal fermentation. Inclusion of 11.7% dried brewers grains did not alter dry matter intake. Inclusion of brewers grains reduced the population of Entodinium and Isotricha. Use of dried brewers grains reduced the production of volatile fatty acids.
Tropical animal health and production, Jan 9, 2018
In this study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with peanut and sunflower oils on inta... more In this study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with peanut and sunflower oils on intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, energy balance (EB), changes in weight and body condition score (BW and BCS), and blood metabolites of Jersey cows on pasture in early lactation. Twenty-four cows were distributed in a randomized block design where they received the following treatments: concentrate without oil (CON), concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM peanut oil (PEA), concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM sunflower oil (SUN), and concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM of a 1:1 mixture of peanut oil and sunflower oil (MIX). The data were analyzed at 30 and 60 days in milk (DIM). Oil supplementation did not affect total dry matter intake or forage intake. The treatment SUN reduced daily milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk yield, and milk fat, while the other treatments generated similar results. The treatment SUN reduced the milk net energy and the use efficiency of the NEfor milk production and...
Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, 2016
Aiming at identifying and characterizing the dairy production systems regarding the hygienic and ... more Aiming at identifying and characterizing the dairy production systems regarding the hygienic and sanitary practices in milking on the sanitary quality of milk, 32 properties were analyzed through the data collection by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis, using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and analysis of Ascending Hierarchical Classification-Cluster (CHA). Firstly, a cluster analysis was used for forming groups of variables. Through the groups formed was sought to obtain the explanatory variables through the PCA. Three PCA were obtained, which were named according to the variables of greatest effect in the analysis. The groups were called PCA-1: Equipment and contamination; PCA-2: Milking Technology; PCA-3: Scale of production. These results enabled the representation of the different characteristics of the production systems through cluster analysis, where for each PCA was performed a Cluster analysis, always with five groups of dairy production systems being formed with similar characteristics within each group. The formation of the groups enabled to identify that the performance of techniques and hygienic-sanitary managements of milking is more related to the age and producer's education, linked to time in the dairy business.
Bioscience Journal, Feb 12, 2014
Os objetivos neste trabalho foram avaliar a composição química, digestibilidade in vitro da matér... more Os objetivos neste trabalho foram avaliar a composição química, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) em forrageiras tropicais implantadas sob métodos de plantio em sucessão a cultura da soja, bem como a produção e composição química do leite de vacas cruzadas. Utilizou-se pastos de Brachiaria ruziziensis implantados sob dois métodos de plantio em linha e sobressemeadura, assim como Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, sob plantio em linha, ambos consorciados com Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia-1 e semeados em sucessão a cultura da soja nos meses de fevereiro/março de 2009. O período de pastejo teve início em 10/08/2009 e finalizado em 26/09/2009. As áreas pastoris foram manejadas em sistema de lotação contínua, para tal, foram utilizadas 24 vacas cruzadas Holandês x Zebu, com peso médio de 470 kg de PV, em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com oito vacas por tratamento. As frações lâminas foliares tinham em média teores de proteína, fibra em detergente neutro e digestibilidade in vitro de, 13,07, 58,68 e 58,95, respectivamente. Da mesma forma, a produção de leite não diferiu entre os tratamentos, apresentando valores médios de 9,13 kg/vaca.dia, com teores médios de gordura e proteína de 3,30% e 3,20%. Vacas cruzadas Holandês x Zebu, com potencial de produção de leite de até 10 kg por dia podem ser manejadas em pastos de B. ruziziensis e capim-marandu, consorciados com capim-tanzânia, quando implantados em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária com taxa de lotação de 3,71 UA/ha.
Journal of Dairy Research, 2015
Soybean oil (SBO) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) and rumen bypass of SBO can contrib... more Soybean oil (SBO) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) and rumen bypass of SBO can contribute to increase the polyunsaturated FA proportion in milk fat. Citrus pulp (CPP) is a source of antioxidants but there is little information on the effects of CP administration on milk properties. This study was performed to determine the role of rumen microorganisms in the transfer of antioxidants from CPP into milk when cows receive SBO as a source of polyunsaturated FA. Four ruminally fistulated lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: (1) SBO administered in the rumen; (2) SBO infused in the abomasum; (3) SBO + CPP administered in the rumen; and (4) SBO + CPP infused in the abomasum. Product and site of administration had no effect on yield of milk components. Concentrations of total polyphenols and flavonoids, reducing power and production of conjugated diene (CD) hydroperoxides in milk were not affected b...
Abstract Text: Circulating metabolites nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA)... more Abstract Text: Circulating metabolites nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and cholesterol are commonly used as parameters of negative energy balance (NEB) or ketosis in dairy cows, whereas concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) indicate the occurrence of hepatic lipidosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood parameters on milk production in pre and postpartum Holstein cows. Blood samples were collected from 197 animals in the prepartum (-14 to -1 d) and 285 animals postpartum (+1 to +14 d) from 30 herds of Parana State, Southern Brazil. At each visit, a sample of 10 mL of blood was collected from the coccygeal vessels into sterile tubes without anticoagulant and kept refrigerated until analysis. After collection, blood samples were centrifuged and the serum was analyzed in an automatic biochemical analyzer using commercial kits for NEFA, BHBA, AST and cholesterol parameters. Milk production was assessed using mature-eq...
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014
The effects of feeding pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) as a natural antioxidant source on the performa... more The effects of feeding pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) as a natural antioxidant source on the performance and milk quality of dairy cows fed highly polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA) diets were evaluated. Four lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a 4×4 Latinsquare. Treatments, on a dry matter (DM) basis, were i) control diet; ii) 3% soybean oil; iii) 3% soybean oil and 9% PCP and; iv) 3% soybean oil and 18% PCP. When cows fed on citrus pulp, the DM intake tended to decrease. The total tract apparent digestibility of DM and ether extract decreased when cows fed on the control diet compared to other diets. Cows fed PCP had higher polyphenols and flavonoids content and higher total ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in milk compared to those fed no pelleted citrus pulp. Cows fed 18% PCP showed higher monounsaturated FA and lower saturated FA in milk fat compared with cows fed the other diets. The lowest n-6 FA proportion was in milk fat from cows fed control. The present study suggests that pelleted citrus pulp added to 9% to 18% DM increases total polyphenols and flavonoids concentration, and the FRAP in milk.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2012
Objetivou-se determinar a curva de desidratação e o efeito do teor de umidade no enfardamento sob... more Objetivou-se determinar a curva de desidratação e o efeito do teor de umidade no enfardamento sobre a composição químico-bromatológica do feno de grama-estrela (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst). Foram realizadas amostragens do momento do corte até o enfardamento, a fim de determinar a curva de desidratação da planta inteira e das frações folha e colmo, com secagem em estufa de ventilação forçada e em forno de microondas. A gramínea foi enfardada com teores de umidade pré-estabelecidos de 25, 16 e 12%, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com dez repetições. A taxa de perda de água foi maior para a fração folha comparada à fração colmo. Houve maior aquecimento para os fenos enfardados com 25% de umidade nas primeiras horas após a armazenagem. Não houve efeito dos teores de umidade no enfardamento sobre a composição química do feno de grama-estrela, exceto para o teor de proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e da proteína bruta não apresentaram efeito do teor de umidade no enfardamento, com valores médios de 58,73 e 55,42%, respectivamente. O uso de forno de microondas para determinar o teor de umidade da forragem apresentou eficiência semelhante ao método de secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar. Nas condições deste estudo os teores de umidade no momento do enfardamento não influenciaram na composição químico-bromatológica do feno de grama-estrela em estádio avançado de desenvolvimento, exceto para o teor de proteína bruta e extrato etéreo.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2015
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the replacement of corn with cassava peel in ... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the replacement of corn with cassava peel in the diets of dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were used. The experimental treatments consisted of four replacement levels of corn with cassava peel (0, 33, 66, and 100 %). The replacement of corn with cassava peel linearly decreased the intake and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, but did not alter the intake of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein. In addition, there was a linear decrease in milk production. The milk components (g/kg) of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids were not altered. Although cassava peel decreased intake, digestibility, and milk production, the replacement of corn with cassava peel may be advantageous in locations close to the starch industry.
Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 2014
The study evaluated the effects of supplementing cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) in the diet of la... more The study evaluated the effects of supplementing cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) in the diet of lactating dairy cows on the intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition, and fatty acids composition of milk fat. Four Holstein cows (600±43 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21 days experimental periods. Experimental treatments consisted of CNSL inclusion in a total mixed ration (dry matter basis), as follows: 1) CNSL 0% (control, CON), 2) CNSL 0.012% (0.012), 3) CNSL 0.024% (0.024) and 4) CNSL 0.036% (0.036). Dry matter and nutrients intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, fat corrected milk yield and milk composition were not affected (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of CNSL in the ration. CNSL linearly decreased the C6:0 concentration (p < 0.02), produced a quadratic response on C13:1n-5 concentration (p < 0.03) and a linear increase on C16:1n-7 concentration (p < 0.04). Results show that an intake of up to 7 g cow-1 day-1 (0.036%) of CNSL may alter the milk fatty acid composition but does not influence intake, nutrient digestibility and milk yield.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2009
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2002
O experimento foi conduzido com os objetivos de avaliar o desempenho de cabras leiteiras mestiças... more O experimento foi conduzido com os objetivos de avaliar o desempenho de cabras leiteiras mestiças Saanen, submetidas a duas estratégias de suplementação com concentrado (ESC): 30% das exigências diárias em energia líquida (NRC, 1981), supridas pelo concentrado, da 3ª semana até o final de lactação (ESC.1) ou 60% das exigências da 3ª à 13ª semana de lactação e 15% da 14ª semana até o final da lactação (ESC.2) e avaliar a resposta dos animais à estratégia de suplementação com concentrado em sistema de produção semi-confinamento e em pastagem. Foram utilizados 31 animais em delineamento completamente casualizado. O sistema de produção teve efeito no consumo total de concentrado e produção total de leite; no sistema em pastagem, os valores para essas duas variáveis foram superiores. A suplementação com concentrado afetou o consumo total de concentrado e a relação produção de leite/consumo de concentrado. Maior valor para relação produção de leite/consumo de concentrado e menor para cons...
We measured the effects of the addition of tannic acid on chemical composition and crude protein ... more We measured the effects of the addition of tannic acid on chemical composition and crude protein (CP) ruminal degradability of bermudagrass, cv. coast cross (Cynodon dactylon L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages with nylon bags incubated in the rumen of two fistulated lactating cows. Silage pH was greater for al- falfa than for bermudagrass. The addition of tannic acid had no effect on silage pH. Ammonia N was greater in alfalfa than in bermudagrass silage. Treated and con- trol silages had similar ammonia N concentrations. The percentage of CP that was solubilized at time 0 was lower for alfalfa than for bermudagrass silage. The ad- dition of tannic acid decreased the portion of CP solubi- lized at time 0 and increased the potentially degradable fraction of CP. The potentially degradable fraction of CP was greater for alfalfa than for bermudagrass. There was an interaction of species and treatment; the disap- pearance rate of CP increased with tannic acid treat- ment of alf...
PLoS ONE, 2014
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the most abundant lignan in flaxseed, is metabolized by t... more Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the most abundant lignan in flaxseed, is metabolized by the ruminal microbiota into enterolignans, which are strong antioxidants. Enterolactone (EL), the main mammalian enterolignan produced in the rumen, is transferred into physiological fluids, with potentially human health benefits with respect to menopausal symptoms, hormone-dependent cancers, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and diabetes. However, no information exists to our knowledge on bacterial taxa that play a role in converting plant lignans into EL in ruminants. In order to investigate this, eight rumen cannulated cows were used in a double 464 Latin square design and fed with four treatments: control with no flax meal (FM), or 5%, 10% and 15% FM (on a dry matter basis). Concentration of EL in the rumen increased linearly with increasing FM inclusion. Total rumen bacterial 16S rRNA concentration obtained using Q-PCR did not differ among treatments. PCR-T-RFLP based dendrograms revealed no global clustering based on diet indicating between animal variation. PCR-DGGE showed a clustering by diet effect within four cows that had similar basal ruminal microbiota. DNA extracted from bands present following feeding 15% FM and absent with no FM supplementation were sequenced and it showed that many genera, in particular Prevotella spp., contributed to the metabolism of lignans. A subsequent in vitro study using selected pure cultures of ruminal bacteria incubated with SDG indicated that 11 ruminal bacteria were able to convert SDG into secoisolariciresinol (SECO), with Prevotella spp. being the main converters. These data suggest that Prevotella spp. is one genus playing an important role in the conversion of plant lignans to human health beneficial antioxidants in the rumen.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2010
Avaliou-se a qualidade da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho com adição de soja crua, por meio de m... more Avaliou-se a qualidade da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho com adição de soja crua, por meio de medidas de digestibilidade parcial e total em bovinos. Foram utilizados três animais mestiços Nelore x Red Angus, implantados com cânulas ruminal e duodenal. O delineamento experimental foi o quadrado latino 3x3, com os seguintes tratamentos: SGM66= 60% de volumoso, 26,6% de silagem de grãos de milho e 13,4% de farelo de soja e milho moído; SGM33= 60% de volumoso, 13,4% de silagem de grãos de milho e 26,6% de farelo de soja e milho moído, e GMS= 60% de volumoso e 40% de farelo de soja e milho moído. A digestão e a digestibilidade da matéria seca não foram influenciadas pela inclusão de SGM na dieta. A dieta SGM66 aumentou a digestibilidade de matéria seca no intestino em relação à dieta GMS. Não houve efeito da inclusão da silagem de grãos na digestão e na digestibilidade das frações fibra em detergente ácido e fibra em detergente neutro da ração, bem como no fluxo ruminal e intestinal do...
Archivos de Zootecnia, 2010
Ácidos graxos voláteis. Coastcross. Pasto Bermuda. Cynodon dactylon. Produção de leite a pasto. P... more Ácidos graxos voláteis. Coastcross. Pasto Bermuda. Cynodon dactylon. Produção de leite a pasto. Produção de ruminantes.
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Papers by GERALDO TADEU SANTOS