Food security remains a challenge for Africa and regenerative agricultural practices can play an ... more Food security remains a challenge for Africa and regenerative agricultural practices can play an important role in building resilience while sustaining agricultural production and preserving diversity of ingredients and rich biodiversity. This study conducted surveys in eight regions in East Africa, four in Rwanda and four in Kenya, to understand how circular principles are applied in agriculture, potential drivers of the adoption of regenerative agriculture and its contribution to household food security. A binary logistic regression model was used to capture the influence of independent variables on the adoption of regenerative agricultural practices and determining factors of household food security. The findings suggest that farming households engage in less than four different practices, mainly in less labor-intensive practices such as crop rotation and intercropping. Household food security increased with an increased number of regenerative agricultural practices applied by th...
Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) has been touted as the necessary paradigm shift to count... more Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) has been touted as the necessary paradigm shift to counterbalance the ever-increasing socio-economic metabolism in the face of global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, population growth, pollution, and unemployment. Previous research has indicated that the transition to CE requires stakeholder collaboration. Yet, at present, a dearth of literature exists about stakeholder knowledge and perceptions of CE, more so in Africa. This begs the question; how will stakeholders collaborate when their understanding on the subject is dissimilar? To contribute to closing this knowledge gap, this research employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate the knowledge and perception of CE among key stakeholders in selected cities in Uganda. Interview data from 230 respondents selected via a snowballing process in the Ugandan cities of Gulu, Jinja, Masaka, Mbale, Mbarara and the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area indicate that several stake...
This study investigates the transformation of traditional industrial parks into eco-industrial pa... more This study investigates the transformation of traditional industrial parks into eco-industrial parks within Uganda, with a focus on the Kampala Industrial and Business Park and the Mbale Industrial Park. Utilizing the International Framework for Eco-Industrial Parks as a guiding tool, the research evaluates the parks' alignment with global eco-industrial park standards. Eco-industrial parks, serving as catalysts for industrial ecology development, promote sustainable practices, resource optimization, and symbiotic inter-industrial relationships. The analysis underscores the pivotal roles of various stakeholders, including the government, enterprises, international cooperators, financial institutions, local communities, and educational and research entities. While Uganda has shown commitment in policy formulation toward industrial transformation, the practical realization of eco-industrial parks remains in its early stages. Challenges such as waste management, energy supply, and community engagement are evident. However, the potential for eco-industrial park development is promising, especially with enhanced international cooperation, financial backing, and community involvement. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for region-specific indicators, tailored educational initiatives, and the selection of Mbale as a pilot city for eco-industrial park development, setting a precedent for the country's sustainable industrial trajectory. KEYWORDS eco-industrial development, eco-industrial park, circular economy, Africa, Uganda
Diffuse pollution is a recognised challenge in the management of water resources globally. In Eur... more Diffuse pollution is a recognised challenge in the management of water resources globally. In Europe, it is consistently reported as a factor undermining the achievement of good ecological status required by Directive 2000/60/EC (The Water Framework Directive). To overcome this challenge, however, sufficient and accurate information is required on the status and trends of water management. This information can only be obtained by designing effective monitoring networks. In this study, monitoring on three rivers within the Irwell Catchment is assessed to determine the potential to provide sufficient information required for effective river management. An explorative analysis that combines quantitative and qualitative techniques revealed that a lot of data is available from the routine monitoring of rivers. The findings, however, indicate a higher number of sampling sites in urban areas closest to point sources of pollution. It was also found that sampling frequency had been reduced despite the increasing expansion of the monitoring network over the years. Further, it was found that data at most sites was inconsistent in terms of the sampling frequency, intensity and choice of parameters. This hinders the comparability of data and analysis of trends. Principal component analysis revealed that water variability in the study area is explained by 3 components; the 1st associated with nutrients (NO3-, NO2-, PO43-) and EC, the 2nd to pH, dissolved oxygen and percentage of saturated dissolved oxygen and the 3rd associated to BOD and suspended solids. An analysis of variance at α=0.05 indicated that parameter levels significantly varied across sites, sub catchments and seasons. This was attributed to the different land uses/ cover within the catchment which contribute to point and/ or diffuse pollution of the rivers.
ABSTRACT
This six chapter management plan is a guide to the management of Nyabyeya Forestry Coll... more ABSTRACT
This six chapter management plan is a guide to the management of Nyabyeya Forestry College plantation for a 20 year rotation cycle. aaNyabyeya Forestry College plantation is located in Masindi district, western Uganda and it covers 358.06 Ha, 347 Ha of which are currently under forestry cover. Pinus caribaea, Maesopsis eminii, and Eucalyptus grandis are the three main species grown on the plantation though other species that are indigenous, localized exotics and/ or exotics are also grown. Most species are found established in the arboretum. This plan runs from 2013 to 2032. The aims of the assessment ranged from performance assessment for especially the newly planted compartments, assessment of the socio-economic importance of the plantation to the adjacent community, determination of the plantation’s standing volume to provision of a sustainable silvicultural plan to the plantation all of which are aimed at maximizing earnings. Assessments and data collection was done in the College plantation in the month of June. The process of data collection involved observation, parameter measurement, and mapping. Sample plots of 10m by 10m were established for assessment of stand volume, stocking and survival counts. They were established on alternating sides of the baseline that was 20m away from the edge to minimize edge-effects. DBH and heights of dominant trees were determined using a caliper and a relascope in each plot that had been established. The College plantation currently has no mature crop hence projected figures were used in predicting the standing volume. Financial analyses carried out indicated that the B: C ratio for the three options was greater than one (˃1) implying that they are all profitable and thus economically feasible. The management options i.e. production of timber for sale at stumpage value (option 1); production of pine saw log for milling (option 2) and production of eucalyptus electricity transmission poles, pine sawlogs and fencing posts (option 3) are all feasible but management option 3, had the highest NPV and B: C ratio comparatively. Basing on that therefore the author of this management plan sturdily recommends that the next 20 years should be dedicated to the management prescription spelt out in option 3.
Abstract
Over the years both developed and developing countries have become gradually industriali... more Abstract Over the years both developed and developing countries have become gradually industrialized. Unmanaged industrialisation is detrimental to environmental health as it often culminates into water, air and soil pollution. This necessitates regular industrial impact studies and hence, this study is an assessment of the impact of Kinyara Sugar works on River Kasokwa. The study was done in Budongo Sub-county in Masindi district, western Uganda focusing on Kinyara sugar factory that disposes of effluent into an adjacent swamp that adjoins to River Kasokwa. Six sampling sites were chosen purposively; site 1-Karijubu, site 2-Nyamusese, site 3-Kinyara sugar factory, site 4-Katuruga, site 5-Kapeka 2 and site 6-Busingiro. Sites 1 and 2 were before the factory; site 3 was at the factory; sites 4 and 5 were between the factory and the forest and then site 6 after Budongo forest. Chemical, physical and biological parameters of the water were assessed according to APHA (2001). Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were assessed in-situ while Total Suspnded Solids (TSS), turbidity, colour, Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Escherichia Coli (E. coli) and faecal coliforms and dissolved ions (i.e. Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorous (TP), Nitrates, Phosphates and Calcium) were analysed in a laboratory at Chemistry Department, Makerere University. Data was analysed using MS Excel and Minitab. Results attained indicated that E. coli and faecal coliforms were undetected in water at all the sites and that at a 5% significance level, there was no significant variation in the level TSS in R. Kasokwa. The parameter ranges were as follows; temperature (16.87±2.42 to 37.27±1.1 0C), EC (74.97±6.45 to 748.0±17.78 µS/cm), TDS (38.6±72.30 to 375.67±8.33 mg/l), turbidity (4.00±0.0 to 267.67±8.33 NTU), colour (49.67±0.58 to 2134.0±2.52 Pt-Co Units), COD (40.33±4.51 to 982.67±3.79 mg/l), BOD (1.67±0.58 to 14.67±1.15 mg/l), pH (4.3±0.02 to 7.02±0.03), TN (0.25±0.01 to 2.01±0.0 mg/l), TP (1.68±0.03 to5.45±0.04 mg/l), nitrates (0.10±0.0 to 0.54±0.0 mg/l) and calcium (6.83±0.03 to 13.68±0.02 mg/l). Parameter means were highest at site 3 followed by site 4 whereas site 6 had the lowest values generally except for nitrates, TN and TP. For nitrates, TN and TP the mean values at site 6 were slightly higher than values at site 1 and 2. For site 1, 2, 5 and 6, excluding colour, all the other parameters were within the limits of the Ugandan domestic use (drinking) standards for water from surface water bodies (Ministry of Water and Environment, 2013) while at site 3 parameters such as temperature, turbidity, colour, COD, TP and pH were beyond the Maximum Acceptable Concentration as stipulated by Ministry of Water and Environment (2013). The conclusion therefore was that; Kinyara Sugar works greatly contributes to the pollution of River Kasokwa as given by the results at Site 3. It is thus recommended that authority reviews the activities of Kinyara Sugar factory to minimise the pollution of adjacent surface water bodies and general environmental health. It is also recommended that further studies be done with more water samples collected at each sampling site because in this study fewer samples were used because of inadequate resources. The information in this study provides a baseline for water quality monitoring for R. Kasokwa and also points out the distinguished role of forests in the environment.
Food security remains a challenge for Africa and regenerative agricultural practices can play an ... more Food security remains a challenge for Africa and regenerative agricultural practices can play an important role in building resilience while sustaining agricultural production and preserving diversity of ingredients and rich biodiversity. This study conducted surveys in eight regions in East Africa, four in Rwanda and four in Kenya, to understand how circular principles are applied in agriculture, potential drivers of the adoption of regenerative agriculture and its contribution to household food security. A binary logistic regression model was used to capture the influence of independent variables on the adoption of regenerative agricultural practices and determining factors of household food security. The findings suggest that farming households engage in less than four different practices, mainly in less labor-intensive practices such as crop rotation and intercropping. Household food security increased with an increased number of regenerative agricultural practices applied by th...
Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) has been touted as the necessary paradigm shift to count... more Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) has been touted as the necessary paradigm shift to counterbalance the ever-increasing socio-economic metabolism in the face of global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, population growth, pollution, and unemployment. Previous research has indicated that the transition to CE requires stakeholder collaboration. Yet, at present, a dearth of literature exists about stakeholder knowledge and perceptions of CE, more so in Africa. This begs the question; how will stakeholders collaborate when their understanding on the subject is dissimilar? To contribute to closing this knowledge gap, this research employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate the knowledge and perception of CE among key stakeholders in selected cities in Uganda. Interview data from 230 respondents selected via a snowballing process in the Ugandan cities of Gulu, Jinja, Masaka, Mbale, Mbarara and the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area indicate that several stake...
This study investigates the transformation of traditional industrial parks into eco-industrial pa... more This study investigates the transformation of traditional industrial parks into eco-industrial parks within Uganda, with a focus on the Kampala Industrial and Business Park and the Mbale Industrial Park. Utilizing the International Framework for Eco-Industrial Parks as a guiding tool, the research evaluates the parks' alignment with global eco-industrial park standards. Eco-industrial parks, serving as catalysts for industrial ecology development, promote sustainable practices, resource optimization, and symbiotic inter-industrial relationships. The analysis underscores the pivotal roles of various stakeholders, including the government, enterprises, international cooperators, financial institutions, local communities, and educational and research entities. While Uganda has shown commitment in policy formulation toward industrial transformation, the practical realization of eco-industrial parks remains in its early stages. Challenges such as waste management, energy supply, and community engagement are evident. However, the potential for eco-industrial park development is promising, especially with enhanced international cooperation, financial backing, and community involvement. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for region-specific indicators, tailored educational initiatives, and the selection of Mbale as a pilot city for eco-industrial park development, setting a precedent for the country's sustainable industrial trajectory. KEYWORDS eco-industrial development, eco-industrial park, circular economy, Africa, Uganda
Diffuse pollution is a recognised challenge in the management of water resources globally. In Eur... more Diffuse pollution is a recognised challenge in the management of water resources globally. In Europe, it is consistently reported as a factor undermining the achievement of good ecological status required by Directive 2000/60/EC (The Water Framework Directive). To overcome this challenge, however, sufficient and accurate information is required on the status and trends of water management. This information can only be obtained by designing effective monitoring networks. In this study, monitoring on three rivers within the Irwell Catchment is assessed to determine the potential to provide sufficient information required for effective river management. An explorative analysis that combines quantitative and qualitative techniques revealed that a lot of data is available from the routine monitoring of rivers. The findings, however, indicate a higher number of sampling sites in urban areas closest to point sources of pollution. It was also found that sampling frequency had been reduced despite the increasing expansion of the monitoring network over the years. Further, it was found that data at most sites was inconsistent in terms of the sampling frequency, intensity and choice of parameters. This hinders the comparability of data and analysis of trends. Principal component analysis revealed that water variability in the study area is explained by 3 components; the 1st associated with nutrients (NO3-, NO2-, PO43-) and EC, the 2nd to pH, dissolved oxygen and percentage of saturated dissolved oxygen and the 3rd associated to BOD and suspended solids. An analysis of variance at α=0.05 indicated that parameter levels significantly varied across sites, sub catchments and seasons. This was attributed to the different land uses/ cover within the catchment which contribute to point and/ or diffuse pollution of the rivers.
ABSTRACT
This six chapter management plan is a guide to the management of Nyabyeya Forestry Coll... more ABSTRACT
This six chapter management plan is a guide to the management of Nyabyeya Forestry College plantation for a 20 year rotation cycle. aaNyabyeya Forestry College plantation is located in Masindi district, western Uganda and it covers 358.06 Ha, 347 Ha of which are currently under forestry cover. Pinus caribaea, Maesopsis eminii, and Eucalyptus grandis are the three main species grown on the plantation though other species that are indigenous, localized exotics and/ or exotics are also grown. Most species are found established in the arboretum. This plan runs from 2013 to 2032. The aims of the assessment ranged from performance assessment for especially the newly planted compartments, assessment of the socio-economic importance of the plantation to the adjacent community, determination of the plantation’s standing volume to provision of a sustainable silvicultural plan to the plantation all of which are aimed at maximizing earnings. Assessments and data collection was done in the College plantation in the month of June. The process of data collection involved observation, parameter measurement, and mapping. Sample plots of 10m by 10m were established for assessment of stand volume, stocking and survival counts. They were established on alternating sides of the baseline that was 20m away from the edge to minimize edge-effects. DBH and heights of dominant trees were determined using a caliper and a relascope in each plot that had been established. The College plantation currently has no mature crop hence projected figures were used in predicting the standing volume. Financial analyses carried out indicated that the B: C ratio for the three options was greater than one (˃1) implying that they are all profitable and thus economically feasible. The management options i.e. production of timber for sale at stumpage value (option 1); production of pine saw log for milling (option 2) and production of eucalyptus electricity transmission poles, pine sawlogs and fencing posts (option 3) are all feasible but management option 3, had the highest NPV and B: C ratio comparatively. Basing on that therefore the author of this management plan sturdily recommends that the next 20 years should be dedicated to the management prescription spelt out in option 3.
Abstract
Over the years both developed and developing countries have become gradually industriali... more Abstract Over the years both developed and developing countries have become gradually industrialized. Unmanaged industrialisation is detrimental to environmental health as it often culminates into water, air and soil pollution. This necessitates regular industrial impact studies and hence, this study is an assessment of the impact of Kinyara Sugar works on River Kasokwa. The study was done in Budongo Sub-county in Masindi district, western Uganda focusing on Kinyara sugar factory that disposes of effluent into an adjacent swamp that adjoins to River Kasokwa. Six sampling sites were chosen purposively; site 1-Karijubu, site 2-Nyamusese, site 3-Kinyara sugar factory, site 4-Katuruga, site 5-Kapeka 2 and site 6-Busingiro. Sites 1 and 2 were before the factory; site 3 was at the factory; sites 4 and 5 were between the factory and the forest and then site 6 after Budongo forest. Chemical, physical and biological parameters of the water were assessed according to APHA (2001). Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were assessed in-situ while Total Suspnded Solids (TSS), turbidity, colour, Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Escherichia Coli (E. coli) and faecal coliforms and dissolved ions (i.e. Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorous (TP), Nitrates, Phosphates and Calcium) were analysed in a laboratory at Chemistry Department, Makerere University. Data was analysed using MS Excel and Minitab. Results attained indicated that E. coli and faecal coliforms were undetected in water at all the sites and that at a 5% significance level, there was no significant variation in the level TSS in R. Kasokwa. The parameter ranges were as follows; temperature (16.87±2.42 to 37.27±1.1 0C), EC (74.97±6.45 to 748.0±17.78 µS/cm), TDS (38.6±72.30 to 375.67±8.33 mg/l), turbidity (4.00±0.0 to 267.67±8.33 NTU), colour (49.67±0.58 to 2134.0±2.52 Pt-Co Units), COD (40.33±4.51 to 982.67±3.79 mg/l), BOD (1.67±0.58 to 14.67±1.15 mg/l), pH (4.3±0.02 to 7.02±0.03), TN (0.25±0.01 to 2.01±0.0 mg/l), TP (1.68±0.03 to5.45±0.04 mg/l), nitrates (0.10±0.0 to 0.54±0.0 mg/l) and calcium (6.83±0.03 to 13.68±0.02 mg/l). Parameter means were highest at site 3 followed by site 4 whereas site 6 had the lowest values generally except for nitrates, TN and TP. For nitrates, TN and TP the mean values at site 6 were slightly higher than values at site 1 and 2. For site 1, 2, 5 and 6, excluding colour, all the other parameters were within the limits of the Ugandan domestic use (drinking) standards for water from surface water bodies (Ministry of Water and Environment, 2013) while at site 3 parameters such as temperature, turbidity, colour, COD, TP and pH were beyond the Maximum Acceptable Concentration as stipulated by Ministry of Water and Environment (2013). The conclusion therefore was that; Kinyara Sugar works greatly contributes to the pollution of River Kasokwa as given by the results at Site 3. It is thus recommended that authority reviews the activities of Kinyara Sugar factory to minimise the pollution of adjacent surface water bodies and general environmental health. It is also recommended that further studies be done with more water samples collected at each sampling site because in this study fewer samples were used because of inadequate resources. The information in this study provides a baseline for water quality monitoring for R. Kasokwa and also points out the distinguished role of forests in the environment.
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challenge, however, sufficient and accurate information is required on the status and trends of water management. This information can only be obtained by designing effective monitoring networks. In this study, monitoring on three rivers within the Irwell Catchment is assessed to
determine the potential to provide sufficient information required for effective river management. An explorative analysis that combines quantitative and qualitative techniques revealed that a lot of data is available from the routine monitoring of rivers. The findings,
however, indicate a higher number of sampling sites in urban areas closest to point sources of pollution. It was also found that sampling frequency had been reduced despite the increasing expansion of the monitoring network over the years. Further, it was found that data at most
sites was inconsistent in terms of the sampling frequency, intensity and choice of parameters. This hinders the comparability of data and analysis of trends. Principal component analysis revealed that water variability in the study area is explained by 3 components; the 1st associated
with nutrients (NO3-, NO2-, PO43-) and EC, the 2nd to pH, dissolved oxygen and percentage of saturated dissolved oxygen and the 3rd associated to BOD and suspended solids. An analysis of variance at α=0.05 indicated that parameter levels significantly varied across sites, sub catchments and seasons. This was attributed to the different land uses/ cover within the catchment which contribute to point and/ or diffuse pollution of the rivers.
This six chapter management plan is a guide to the management of Nyabyeya Forestry College plantation for a 20 year rotation cycle. aaNyabyeya Forestry College plantation is located in Masindi district, western Uganda and it covers 358.06 Ha, 347 Ha of which are currently under forestry cover. Pinus caribaea, Maesopsis eminii, and Eucalyptus grandis are the three main species grown on the plantation though other species that are indigenous, localized exotics and/ or exotics are also grown. Most species are found established in the arboretum. This plan runs from 2013 to 2032. The aims of the assessment ranged from performance assessment for especially the newly planted compartments, assessment of the socio-economic importance of the plantation to the adjacent community, determination of the plantation’s standing volume to provision of a sustainable silvicultural plan to the plantation all of which are aimed at maximizing earnings. Assessments and data collection was done in the College plantation in the month of June. The process of data collection involved observation, parameter measurement, and mapping. Sample plots of 10m by 10m were established for assessment of stand volume, stocking and survival counts. They were established on alternating sides of the baseline that was 20m away from the edge to minimize edge-effects. DBH and heights of dominant trees were determined using a caliper and a relascope in each plot that had been established. The College plantation currently has no mature crop hence projected figures were used in predicting the standing volume. Financial analyses carried out indicated that the B: C ratio for the three options was greater than one (˃1) implying that they are all profitable and thus economically feasible. The management options i.e. production of timber for sale at stumpage value (option 1); production of pine saw log for milling (option 2) and production of eucalyptus electricity transmission poles, pine sawlogs and fencing posts (option 3) are all feasible but management option 3, had the highest NPV and B: C ratio comparatively. Basing on that therefore the author of this management plan sturdily recommends that the next 20 years should be dedicated to the management prescription spelt out in option 3.
Over the years both developed and developing countries have become gradually industrialized. Unmanaged industrialisation is detrimental to environmental health as it often culminates into water, air and soil pollution. This necessitates regular industrial impact studies and hence, this study is an assessment of the impact of Kinyara Sugar works on River Kasokwa. The study was done in Budongo Sub-county in Masindi district, western Uganda focusing on Kinyara sugar factory that disposes of effluent into an adjacent swamp that adjoins to River Kasokwa. Six sampling sites were chosen purposively; site 1-Karijubu, site 2-Nyamusese, site 3-Kinyara sugar factory, site 4-Katuruga, site 5-Kapeka 2 and site 6-Busingiro. Sites 1 and 2 were before the factory; site 3 was at the factory; sites 4 and 5 were between the factory and the forest and then site 6 after Budongo forest. Chemical, physical and biological parameters of the water were assessed according to APHA (2001). Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were assessed in-situ while Total Suspnded Solids (TSS), turbidity, colour, Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Escherichia Coli (E. coli) and faecal coliforms and dissolved ions (i.e. Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorous (TP), Nitrates, Phosphates and Calcium) were analysed in a laboratory at Chemistry Department, Makerere University. Data was analysed using MS Excel and Minitab. Results attained indicated that E. coli and faecal coliforms were undetected in water at all the sites and that at a 5% significance level, there was no significant variation in the level TSS in R. Kasokwa. The parameter ranges were as follows; temperature (16.87±2.42 to 37.27±1.1 0C), EC (74.97±6.45 to 748.0±17.78 µS/cm), TDS (38.6±72.30 to 375.67±8.33 mg/l), turbidity (4.00±0.0 to 267.67±8.33 NTU), colour (49.67±0.58 to 2134.0±2.52 Pt-Co Units), COD (40.33±4.51 to 982.67±3.79 mg/l), BOD (1.67±0.58 to 14.67±1.15 mg/l), pH (4.3±0.02 to 7.02±0.03), TN (0.25±0.01 to 2.01±0.0 mg/l), TP (1.68±0.03 to5.45±0.04 mg/l), nitrates (0.10±0.0 to 0.54±0.0 mg/l) and calcium (6.83±0.03 to 13.68±0.02 mg/l). Parameter means were highest at site 3 followed by site 4 whereas site 6 had the lowest values generally except for nitrates, TN and TP. For nitrates, TN and TP the mean values at site 6 were slightly higher than values at site 1 and 2. For site 1, 2, 5 and 6, excluding colour, all the other parameters were within the limits of the Ugandan domestic use (drinking) standards for water from surface water bodies (Ministry of Water and Environment, 2013) while at site 3 parameters such as temperature, turbidity, colour, COD, TP and pH were beyond the Maximum Acceptable Concentration as stipulated by Ministry of Water and Environment (2013). The conclusion therefore was that; Kinyara Sugar works greatly contributes to the pollution of River Kasokwa as given by the results at Site 3. It is thus recommended that authority reviews the activities of Kinyara Sugar factory to minimise the pollution of adjacent surface water bodies and general environmental health. It is also recommended that further studies be done with more water samples collected at each sampling site because in this study fewer samples were used because of inadequate resources. The information in this study provides a baseline for water quality monitoring for R. Kasokwa and also points out the distinguished role of forests in the environment.
challenge, however, sufficient and accurate information is required on the status and trends of water management. This information can only be obtained by designing effective monitoring networks. In this study, monitoring on three rivers within the Irwell Catchment is assessed to
determine the potential to provide sufficient information required for effective river management. An explorative analysis that combines quantitative and qualitative techniques revealed that a lot of data is available from the routine monitoring of rivers. The findings,
however, indicate a higher number of sampling sites in urban areas closest to point sources of pollution. It was also found that sampling frequency had been reduced despite the increasing expansion of the monitoring network over the years. Further, it was found that data at most
sites was inconsistent in terms of the sampling frequency, intensity and choice of parameters. This hinders the comparability of data and analysis of trends. Principal component analysis revealed that water variability in the study area is explained by 3 components; the 1st associated
with nutrients (NO3-, NO2-, PO43-) and EC, the 2nd to pH, dissolved oxygen and percentage of saturated dissolved oxygen and the 3rd associated to BOD and suspended solids. An analysis of variance at α=0.05 indicated that parameter levels significantly varied across sites, sub catchments and seasons. This was attributed to the different land uses/ cover within the catchment which contribute to point and/ or diffuse pollution of the rivers.
This six chapter management plan is a guide to the management of Nyabyeya Forestry College plantation for a 20 year rotation cycle. aaNyabyeya Forestry College plantation is located in Masindi district, western Uganda and it covers 358.06 Ha, 347 Ha of which are currently under forestry cover. Pinus caribaea, Maesopsis eminii, and Eucalyptus grandis are the three main species grown on the plantation though other species that are indigenous, localized exotics and/ or exotics are also grown. Most species are found established in the arboretum. This plan runs from 2013 to 2032. The aims of the assessment ranged from performance assessment for especially the newly planted compartments, assessment of the socio-economic importance of the plantation to the adjacent community, determination of the plantation’s standing volume to provision of a sustainable silvicultural plan to the plantation all of which are aimed at maximizing earnings. Assessments and data collection was done in the College plantation in the month of June. The process of data collection involved observation, parameter measurement, and mapping. Sample plots of 10m by 10m were established for assessment of stand volume, stocking and survival counts. They were established on alternating sides of the baseline that was 20m away from the edge to minimize edge-effects. DBH and heights of dominant trees were determined using a caliper and a relascope in each plot that had been established. The College plantation currently has no mature crop hence projected figures were used in predicting the standing volume. Financial analyses carried out indicated that the B: C ratio for the three options was greater than one (˃1) implying that they are all profitable and thus economically feasible. The management options i.e. production of timber for sale at stumpage value (option 1); production of pine saw log for milling (option 2) and production of eucalyptus electricity transmission poles, pine sawlogs and fencing posts (option 3) are all feasible but management option 3, had the highest NPV and B: C ratio comparatively. Basing on that therefore the author of this management plan sturdily recommends that the next 20 years should be dedicated to the management prescription spelt out in option 3.
Over the years both developed and developing countries have become gradually industrialized. Unmanaged industrialisation is detrimental to environmental health as it often culminates into water, air and soil pollution. This necessitates regular industrial impact studies and hence, this study is an assessment of the impact of Kinyara Sugar works on River Kasokwa. The study was done in Budongo Sub-county in Masindi district, western Uganda focusing on Kinyara sugar factory that disposes of effluent into an adjacent swamp that adjoins to River Kasokwa. Six sampling sites were chosen purposively; site 1-Karijubu, site 2-Nyamusese, site 3-Kinyara sugar factory, site 4-Katuruga, site 5-Kapeka 2 and site 6-Busingiro. Sites 1 and 2 were before the factory; site 3 was at the factory; sites 4 and 5 were between the factory and the forest and then site 6 after Budongo forest. Chemical, physical and biological parameters of the water were assessed according to APHA (2001). Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were assessed in-situ while Total Suspnded Solids (TSS), turbidity, colour, Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Escherichia Coli (E. coli) and faecal coliforms and dissolved ions (i.e. Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorous (TP), Nitrates, Phosphates and Calcium) were analysed in a laboratory at Chemistry Department, Makerere University. Data was analysed using MS Excel and Minitab. Results attained indicated that E. coli and faecal coliforms were undetected in water at all the sites and that at a 5% significance level, there was no significant variation in the level TSS in R. Kasokwa. The parameter ranges were as follows; temperature (16.87±2.42 to 37.27±1.1 0C), EC (74.97±6.45 to 748.0±17.78 µS/cm), TDS (38.6±72.30 to 375.67±8.33 mg/l), turbidity (4.00±0.0 to 267.67±8.33 NTU), colour (49.67±0.58 to 2134.0±2.52 Pt-Co Units), COD (40.33±4.51 to 982.67±3.79 mg/l), BOD (1.67±0.58 to 14.67±1.15 mg/l), pH (4.3±0.02 to 7.02±0.03), TN (0.25±0.01 to 2.01±0.0 mg/l), TP (1.68±0.03 to5.45±0.04 mg/l), nitrates (0.10±0.0 to 0.54±0.0 mg/l) and calcium (6.83±0.03 to 13.68±0.02 mg/l). Parameter means were highest at site 3 followed by site 4 whereas site 6 had the lowest values generally except for nitrates, TN and TP. For nitrates, TN and TP the mean values at site 6 were slightly higher than values at site 1 and 2. For site 1, 2, 5 and 6, excluding colour, all the other parameters were within the limits of the Ugandan domestic use (drinking) standards for water from surface water bodies (Ministry of Water and Environment, 2013) while at site 3 parameters such as temperature, turbidity, colour, COD, TP and pH were beyond the Maximum Acceptable Concentration as stipulated by Ministry of Water and Environment (2013). The conclusion therefore was that; Kinyara Sugar works greatly contributes to the pollution of River Kasokwa as given by the results at Site 3. It is thus recommended that authority reviews the activities of Kinyara Sugar factory to minimise the pollution of adjacent surface water bodies and general environmental health. It is also recommended that further studies be done with more water samples collected at each sampling site because in this study fewer samples were used because of inadequate resources. The information in this study provides a baseline for water quality monitoring for R. Kasokwa and also points out the distinguished role of forests in the environment.