Videos by Saleh Emhanna
فيديو وثائقي قصير- رحلة جامعة اجدابيا لمنطقة الصحابي
SHORT Ducmentary Video to Sahabi Area, Liby... more فيديو وثائقي قصير- رحلة جامعة اجدابيا لمنطقة الصحابي
SHORT Ducmentary Video to Sahabi Area, Libya.
By: Saleh Emhanna & Ysra Bashasha 3 views
Conference Presentations by Saleh Emhanna
University Bulletin – ISSUE No.23- Vol. (3), 2021
The oil production operations create large quantities of contaminated water which is known as "Pr... more The oil production operations create large quantities of contaminated water which is known as "Produced Water". All the produced water in the Nafoora oil field dispelled to water pit without treatment and /or re-used in injection. Due to concerns over the effects of oil production activities on groundwater quality, heavy metals, physical and chemical properties were analyzed in 7 samples collected from Gas Oil Separation Plant GOSP and Shallow Water Well from the field. A combination of newly collected and historical data was used to determine whether produced water have mixed with groundwater. Then, comparing the results with standards of World Health Organization WHO and Food and Agriculture FAO. The analysis results of physical and chemical properties shows that the pH values in all GOSPs stations ranging between 4.4 -7.2 and high concentrations of Total Dissolved Salts TDS (28000 to 101000 ppm) and Chloride CL concentrations ranging between 111600 ppm to 136700 ppm and have as well high EC values (122200 to 568200 μS/cm). The Nafoora oil field contains heavy metals such as Hg, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ag and Pb. Three minerals with concentration above WHO and FAO standards; Cr, Cu and Cd. While Hg, Zn, Ag and Pb have concentration in acceptable range. The results indicated the produced water mixed with the ground water.
University Bulletin – ISSUE No.23- Vol. (3) , 2021
The main objective of this paper to provide a comprehensive indepth analysis of the current statu... more The main objective of this paper to provide a comprehensive indepth analysis of the current status of shale gas explorations in Libya. It is examines the possible potential for shale gas in and the technical and institutional obstacles. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the shale gas revolution that developed its precarious nature, the requirements for its initial exploration, and future prospects and also turns to the significant obstacles to shale gas future exploration and production in the regions, why successfully addressing those challenges are problematic in key countries, in such countries the challenges are likely to be successfully engaged, and what it all means for how markets and trade in shale gas will evolve. The paper concludes that while Libya have abundance of shale gas reserves could well prove a boom for the region, the myriad political and institutional obstacles faced by national governments mean that a shale gas revolution of the nature seen in the Libya remains a distant prospect. However, shale gas exploration still in the initial stage and has been confronted with many challenges. This paper systematically analyzed the current status of Libya’s shale gas exploration from four aspects for the first time resource situation, exploration status, policy and, technology status. Barriers to the shale gas industry mainly include objective factors, such as geological and surface conditions, shale gas proven reserves, technology innovation and environmental concerns and financial and legislation. Establishing a national shale gas comprehensive experimental zone; enhancing scientific and technological research; and establishing shale gas regulatory system with an emphasis on environmental protection and supervision.
Well Logging services are used to acquire geological and geophysical information to allow a more ... more Well Logging services are used to acquire geological and geophysical information to allow a more detailed evaluation of the reservoir. In this case study the well logging have been used to evaluate perforation job in X1 and X2 well in the Sarir oil field. Gamma ray log and resistivity logs have been used to determine the lithology and type of fluids that are exist in a particular zone. These logs are used to calculate specific properties of the layers that drill the well through such as oil saturation and shale content. The results shows the percentages of the shale volumes in both X1 and X2 are low and they are out of the pay zones. Where in the X1 well the interval between depths 8632 to 8822 ft is oil zone while the rest of the reservoir is water zone. Whilst the interval between depths 8610 to 8638 ft is oil zone while the rest of the reservoir is water zone in the X2 well. By comparing the reservoir interval with perforation intervals shows the third perforation depth in the X1 well penetrated the water zone which caused the water cut to be high. But, in the X2 well perforation intervals shows the second and third perforation depths penetrated holy the water zone which caused the water cut to be high. So we recommended and based on oil and water saturations, re-perforation strategy can be built on those data.
Conference: المؤتمر العلمي الثالث للنفط والغاز Third Scientific Conference of Oil and Gas fromAt: Ajdabiya - Libya, 2021
Re-entry drilling represents a significant part of the current and future drilling activities wor... more Re-entry drilling represents a significant part of the current and future drilling activities worldwide. Re-entry wells help achieve higher return on investment in mature assets through minimizing top hole construction cost, and accelerating time to oil from existing wells where water coning issues are observed. New drilling technology (Geosteering) has been used to achieve these benefits for the reentry drilling. This paper present a study of the feasibility of drilling horizontal extended reach sidetracks with Geosteering technology to increase oil production from mature oilfields. Where the XR well is horizontal well has been drilled during the 2012 in the X oil field. The target zone in the XR well is thin and faulted zone, it is difficult to drill into the area of the presence of hydrocarbons and sometimes drilling into the area of the presence of water, and come out of the path reservoir, where the water cut increased to be 87%. In the 2018 the well re-drilled by using the Geosteering technology which provided subsurface bedding and fluid-contact details which lead to increase the Net to Gross thickness (N:G) more than double time from 33% to 91.5% and decrease the water cut from 87% to 0%. As a result the production rate increased from 195 bbl/day before using the GeoSphere to 2000 bbl/day after using it.
by: Saleh Emhanna, 2018
An event which causes the drilling operation to stop is described as a Non-Productive Time (NPT) ... more An event which causes the drilling operation to stop is described as a Non-Productive Time (NPT) event. Understanding the reasons for the NPT is the starting point to reducing drilling time and saving money. The NPT is defined as time which drilling operation is ceased or penetration rate is very low. Time spent on fishing, pipe stuck, weather, tool transportation, lost circulation and tripping in/out can be counted as NPT.
No well is drilled without problems. Managing drilling risk means not letting small problems become big ones. Knowing what the risks are and when they are likely to occur keeps surprises to a minimum. Most of the time spent drilling, and most of the cost, is encountered not in the reservoir, but in getting to it. The NPT events have been divided into two categories; geological or subsurface related and other issues or (non- geological related). This paper analyses the drilling operation time for 5 wells in the Ghadames Basin. The NPT events in drilling operations currently account for 18% of total drilling time in the selected wells and the analysis showed that waiting water and lost circulation are major causes of NPT in the selected wells in the Ghadames Basin.
Current understanding of sapropel formation in the Mediterranean suggests a combination of anoxia... more Current understanding of sapropel formation in the Mediterranean suggests a combination of anoxia and enhanced primary productivity. Enhanced anoxia should have resulted from freshwater input most likely triggered by the northward expansion of the African monsoon during the last interglacial when sapropels S5, S4 and S3 formed at ~125 ka, ~105 ka and ~83 ka in various East Mediterranean sub-basins. We investigated coastal sediment successionsin the Gulf of Sirte to test the hypothesis of a, besides the Nile, second source of freshwater.
The coastal sediment successionin the Gulf is characterised by oolitic grainstones representing coastal backshore and foreshore depositional environments in onlap and in offlap position, respectively. The spatial distribution of these deposits indicates the maximum transgression shoreline situated today around 20 km inland marked by a broad dune belt situated today inland and parallel to the modern coastline. The oolitic sediments represent a period of elevated sea-surface temperature and lack of fluvial discharge lasting around 120 – 60 ka according to our optical dating results in conjunction with global sea-level data.
While there is compelling evidence from the Levante coast for the dominant role of the Nile discharge in generating conditions for sapropels to form, we cannot confirm a similar role of the Sahabi and Kufrah rivers. These rivers should have flown through the Saharan desert during the wet period of the last interglacial and should have supplied a large lake situated in the coastal zone of the Gulf which, in turn, should have drained into the East Mediterranean Sea.But our reconstruction of the last interglacial environment in the coastal zone of the Gulf does not suggest the existence of a lake or rivers reaching the sea.
Papers by Saleh Emhanna
SSRG international journal of civil engineering, Jan 25, 2022
SSRG international journal of civil engineering, Jan 25, 2022
Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene carbonate rocks along the escarpment of Jabal Waddan of NW Libya are... more Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene carbonate rocks along the escarpment of Jabal Waddan of NW Libya are displaying two major sedimentary cycles based on stratigraphic and foraminiferal attributes. The first one is representing by a regressive-transgressive sequence and is attributed to the Shurfah Formation. It indicates that during the Thanetian (Upper Paleocene) the deposition of the lower part (the Bú Rá's Member) was in shallow water depths of the subtidal environment under low energy conditions and is represented primarily by Dasycladacean and Codiacean green algae. Their association up-levels with small shallow benthic foraminifera such as mil-iolids and nonionids, however, may indicate a broad nearshore environment of deposition. The decline of the green algae and the prevalence of small-sized (<1 cm) and thick operculinids witnesses in the middle and upper parts (i.e. the Qaltah and Ammúr members) are character-istic of an open-shelf setting down to a water depth of a few dozen meters and typify warm-water habitats. Evidence of further deepening is indicated up-section by the existence of com-mon shallow shark-teeth in a water depth limited to the photic zone (<120 m). The second sedimentary cycle is showing a transgressive-regressive sequence and is ascribed to the Bishimah Formation. It shows that during the Ypresian (Lower Eocene) the deposition of the lower, middle and upper parts (i.e. Khayir, Wadi Zakim and Rawaghah members) of the Bishimah Formation was in the shallow marine neritic environment. The association of alveo-linids with common textulariids in the lower and middle members points to a shallow inner shelf with water depth up to 60 m whereas their association with miliolids, nonionids and elphidiids seen at the upper levels indicate innermost shelf or restricted platform conditions. Evidence of further shallowing, however, is indicated up-section (the Rawaghah Member) by the presence of cross-bedded dolomitic limestone and chert nodules which delineate an ad-vanced episode of the second sedimentary cycle. The closing part for the second cycle, how-ever, is attributed to the overlying Al Jir Formation, elsewhere from the study area, in which a thick sequence of evaporates and chalky dolomites is reported to include a rich Spirolina-mil-iolid assemblage with globular alveolinids similar to those recovered from the studied depos-its. Consequently, we recommend considering the Al Jir Formation as the upper member of the Bishimah Formation as originally described in the local literature. The boundary between the Ammúr Member of Shurfah Formation and the overlying khayir Member of the Bishimah Formation, however, is erosional everywhere in the study area and sets the contact between the first and second sedimentary cycles. It has been considered here to represent the Upper Paleocene/Lower Eocene boundary. Based on planktonic foraminiferal evidence, described from the subsurface of the Sirt Basin, the lower part of the khayir Member has been considered in the current study to represent a Ypresian (Lower Eocene) rather than Thanetian (Upper Paleocene) in age as previously thought.
Iraqi Geological Journal, 2020
The rising groundwater levels in Ajdabiya city have been considered one of the critical issues th... more The rising groundwater levels in Ajdabiya city have been considered one of the critical issues that the city suffered for years, where it is attributed to a lot of undesirable environmental and physical effects. Deterioration of infrastructure facilities led to health and economic consequences in different areas. The study aims to identify the causes of effects and feasible strategies to mitigate them. There are many causes that led to rising the groundwater level such as the leakage of domestic water pipeline and sewage network. It noted an absence of a rainwater drainage network and the adoption of only surface water for daily life usages. Furthermore, never ever the groundwater has been not exploited, which led to upward seepage more and more. Ten groundwater samples have been collected to conduct specific criteria which proved the mixing between the groundwater and sewage. Many projects can be adapted to maintain the groundwater upward seepage and manage the water supplies in th...
Earth Science Research
The Miocene rocks of the Marádah Formation have been stratigraphically investigated from four str... more The Miocene rocks of the Marádah Formation have been stratigraphically investigated from four stratigraphical sections around the Marádah Oasis in the Central Sirt Basin of Libya. The field investigations led to the identification of two members, the lower Qarat Jahannam Member and the upper Ar Ráhlah Member. Fourteen sedimentary facies at the outcrop-scale representing a gradual development of sedimentation from a continental clastic witness in the southwestern outcrops to transitional estuarine, lagoonal, and beaches to the proximal offshore in the northern outcrops, were recognized. The results indicates that the accumulation of the Marádah Formation is transgressive in nature and corresponding to two phases of deposition which have been mentioned in the earlier studies. The first phase is continental-dominated facies in which cross-bedded sandstones and calcareous sands comprise most of the depositional sequence of the lower Qarat Jahannam Member at the southwestern outcrops. Th...
Current understanding of sapropel formation in the Mediterranean suggests a combination of anoxia... more Current understanding of sapropel formation in the Mediterranean suggests a combination of anoxia and enhanced primary productivity. Enhanced anoxia should have resulted from freshwater input most likely triggered by the northward expansion of the African monsoon during the last interglacial when sapropels S5, S4 and S3 formed at ~125 ka, ~105 ka and ~83 ka respectively in various East Mediterranean sub-basins. We investigated coastal sediment successions in the Gulf of Sirt to test the hypothesis of a, besides the Nile, second source of freshwater. The coastal sediment succession in the Gulf is characterised by oolitic grainstones representing coastal backshore and foreshore depositional environments in onlap and in offlap position, respectively. The spatial distribution of these deposits indicates the maximum transgression shoreline situated today around 20 km inland marked by a broad dune belt parallel to the modern coastline. The oolitic sediments represent a period of elevated sea-surface temperature and lack of fluvial discharge lasting around 120 – 60 ka according to our optical dating results in conjunction with global sea-level data.
Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews
The rising groundwater levels in Ajdabiya city have been considered one of the critical issues th... more The rising groundwater levels in Ajdabiya city have been considered one of the critical issues that the city suffered for years, where it is attributed to a lot of undesirable environmental and physical effects. Deterioration of infrastructure facilities led to health and economic consequences in different areas. The study aims to identify the causes effects and feasible strategies to mitigate them. There are Many causes led to rising the groundwater level such as the leakage of domestic water pipeline and sewage network. It noted an absence of a rainwater drainage network and the adoption of only surface water for daily life usages. Furthermore, never ever the groundwater has been not exploited, which led to upward seepage more and more. Ten groundwater samples have been collected to conduct specific criteria which proved the mixing between the groundwater and sewage. Many projects can be adapted to maintain the groundwater upward seepage and manage the water supplies in the area u...
The rising groundwater levels in Ajdabiya city have been considered one of the critical issues th... more The rising groundwater levels in Ajdabiya city have been considered one of the critical issues that the city suffered for years, where it is attributed to a lot of undesirable environmental and physical effects. Deterioration of infrastructure facilities led to health and economic consequences in different areas. The study aims to identify the causes effects and feasible strategies to mitigate them. There are Many causes led to rising the groundwater level such as the leakage of domestic water pipeline and sewage network. It noted an absence of a rainwater drainage network and the adoption of only surface water for daily life usages. Furthermore, never ever the groundwater has been not exploited, which led to upward seepage more and more. Ten groundwater samples have been collected to conduct specific criteria which proved the mixing between the groundwater and sewage. Many projects can be adapted to maintain the groundwater upward seepage and manage the water supplies in the area u...
Earth Science Research
The Miocene rocks of the Marádah Formation have been stratigraphically investigated from four str... more The Miocene rocks of the Marádah Formation have been stratigraphically investigated from four stratigraphical sections around the Marádah Oasis in the Central Sirt Basin of Libya. The field investigations led to the identification of two members, the lower Qarat Jahannam Member and the upper Ar Ráhlah Member. Fourteen sedimentary facies at the outcrop-scale representing a gradual development of sedimentation from a continental clastic witness in the southwestern outcrops to transitional estuarine, lagoonal, and beaches to the proximal offshore in the northern outcrops, were recognized. The results indicates that the accumulation of the Marádah Formation is transgressive in nature and corresponding to two phases of deposition which have been mentioned in the earlier studies. The first phase is continental-dominated facies in which cross-bedded sandstones and calcareous sands comprise most of the depositional sequence of the lower Qarat Jahannam Member at the southwestern outcrops. Th...
Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews
The rising groundwater levels in Ajdabiya city have been considered one of the critical issues th... more The rising groundwater levels in Ajdabiya city have been considered one of the critical issues that the city suffered for years, where it is attributed to a lot of undesirable environmental and physical effects. Deterioration of infrastructure facilities led to health and economic consequences in different areas. The study aims to identify the causes of effects and feasible strategies to mitigate them. There are many causes that led to rising the groundwater level such as the leakage of domestic water pipeline and sewage network. It noted an absence of a rainwater drainage network and the adoption of only surface water for daily life usages. Furthermore, never ever the groundwater has been not exploited, which led to upward seepage more and more. Ten groundwater samples have been collected to conduct specific criteria which proved the mixing between the groundwater and sewage. Many projects can be adapted to maintain the groundwater upward seepage and manage the water supplies in th...
Humanitarian & Natural Sciences Journal, 2021
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of untreated wastewater leaking from the ma... more This study was conducted to investigate the influence of untreated wastewater leaking from the main sewage plant in Ajdabiya City on the chemical and physical properties of the soil. The soil samples were collected at a depth between 10-15 cm to determine the concentration of total dissolved salts (TDS), total hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), Chloride (Cl-), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The study was shown significantly increased in the concentration of Calcium, Magnesium, and Chloride elements in the soil near the mainstream of untreated wastewater compared with the reference sample which located 200 m away from the mainstream. The increase in the concentration of these elements in the soil led to an increase in the percentage of dissolved salts, which in turn was the reason for increasing the total hardness and conductivity of this soil.The results indicated contamination of the soil near the mainstream by untreated wastewater. This pollution mainly affects the plant and animal life in this area. Therefore, the study recommended finding solutions for the sewage water plant in the city of Ajdabiya and not discharging untreated wastewater directly into the soil in order to avoid its contamination and then prevent the access of those pollutants to groundwater. Furthermore, the treated wastewater must be reutilized for various purposes.
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Videos by Saleh Emhanna
SHORT Ducmentary Video to Sahabi Area, Libya.
By: Saleh Emhanna & Ysra Bashasha
Conference Presentations by Saleh Emhanna
No well is drilled without problems. Managing drilling risk means not letting small problems become big ones. Knowing what the risks are and when they are likely to occur keeps surprises to a minimum. Most of the time spent drilling, and most of the cost, is encountered not in the reservoir, but in getting to it. The NPT events have been divided into two categories; geological or subsurface related and other issues or (non- geological related). This paper analyses the drilling operation time for 5 wells in the Ghadames Basin. The NPT events in drilling operations currently account for 18% of total drilling time in the selected wells and the analysis showed that waiting water and lost circulation are major causes of NPT in the selected wells in the Ghadames Basin.
The coastal sediment successionin the Gulf is characterised by oolitic grainstones representing coastal backshore and foreshore depositional environments in onlap and in offlap position, respectively. The spatial distribution of these deposits indicates the maximum transgression shoreline situated today around 20 km inland marked by a broad dune belt situated today inland and parallel to the modern coastline. The oolitic sediments represent a period of elevated sea-surface temperature and lack of fluvial discharge lasting around 120 – 60 ka according to our optical dating results in conjunction with global sea-level data.
While there is compelling evidence from the Levante coast for the dominant role of the Nile discharge in generating conditions for sapropels to form, we cannot confirm a similar role of the Sahabi and Kufrah rivers. These rivers should have flown through the Saharan desert during the wet period of the last interglacial and should have supplied a large lake situated in the coastal zone of the Gulf which, in turn, should have drained into the East Mediterranean Sea.But our reconstruction of the last interglacial environment in the coastal zone of the Gulf does not suggest the existence of a lake or rivers reaching the sea.
Papers by Saleh Emhanna
SHORT Ducmentary Video to Sahabi Area, Libya.
By: Saleh Emhanna & Ysra Bashasha
No well is drilled without problems. Managing drilling risk means not letting small problems become big ones. Knowing what the risks are and when they are likely to occur keeps surprises to a minimum. Most of the time spent drilling, and most of the cost, is encountered not in the reservoir, but in getting to it. The NPT events have been divided into two categories; geological or subsurface related and other issues or (non- geological related). This paper analyses the drilling operation time for 5 wells in the Ghadames Basin. The NPT events in drilling operations currently account for 18% of total drilling time in the selected wells and the analysis showed that waiting water and lost circulation are major causes of NPT in the selected wells in the Ghadames Basin.
The coastal sediment successionin the Gulf is characterised by oolitic grainstones representing coastal backshore and foreshore depositional environments in onlap and in offlap position, respectively. The spatial distribution of these deposits indicates the maximum transgression shoreline situated today around 20 km inland marked by a broad dune belt situated today inland and parallel to the modern coastline. The oolitic sediments represent a period of elevated sea-surface temperature and lack of fluvial discharge lasting around 120 – 60 ka according to our optical dating results in conjunction with global sea-level data.
While there is compelling evidence from the Levante coast for the dominant role of the Nile discharge in generating conditions for sapropels to form, we cannot confirm a similar role of the Sahabi and Kufrah rivers. These rivers should have flown through the Saharan desert during the wet period of the last interglacial and should have supplied a large lake situated in the coastal zone of the Gulf which, in turn, should have drained into the East Mediterranean Sea.But our reconstruction of the last interglacial environment in the coastal zone of the Gulf does not suggest the existence of a lake or rivers reaching the sea.
Up-sequence the sediments of the Upper Tar Member along with the overlying Had Member correspond to the second transgressive-regressive sedimentary cycle. Herein, the Upper Tar Member is enriched by small benthic foraminifera; Neoeponides duwi and Cibicides cf. libycus, and has been ascribed to the Danian (Lower Palaeocene). The reaming sediments of Zimam Formation, however, are belonging to the overlying Had Member and is tentatively ascribed to the Selandian (Upper Palaeocene) based on the last occurrence of the Danian fauna and the total range of the codiacean algae Ovulites morelleti.