Papers by Dr. Muhammad Khalilur Rahman
In book: Tourism Marketing in Bangladesh, 2020
Purpose-The study aims to determine the impact of non-Muslim tourists' perception of halal touris... more Purpose-The study aims to determine the impact of non-Muslim tourists' perception of halal tourism products and services (PHTPS) on trip quality, trip value, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) towards halal tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach-A total of 375 non-Muslim tourists were surveyed in Malaysia using partial least square technique. Findings-The findings showed that PHTPS has a significant impact on all four dimensions. The strongest relationship was found between PHTPS and trip quality, followed by PHTPS-WOM, PHTPS-satisfaction and PHTPS-trip value. Originality/value-This study provides new insights into the theory and practice of non-Muslim tourists' PHTPS and WOM towards halal tourism destination. The findings are valuable to tourism operators, managers and marketers with the understanding and responsibility to develop halal tourism products and services from non-Muslim tourists' insights.
Purpose-Though halal-related services have been discussed in tourism services literature, explora... more Purpose-Though halal-related services have been discussed in tourism services literature, exploratory study in this area is not enough, particularly in non-Muslim tourists' perspectives. This study aims to investigate the impact of non-Muslim tourists' perceptions of halal products or services on their loyalty of intention for halal tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach-Structured questionnaires are used for collecting data from non-Muslim tourists. SmartPLS is used in this study for data analysis. Findings-The results find that banning non-halal services and implementing halal food product services are significantly related to trip experience and trip value. General halal services are positively related to trip value, whereas trip experience is not associated with it. In addition, trip experience and trip value have a significant impact on satisfaction. The results also find that tourists' loyalty intention is attributed to satisfaction of non-Muslim tourists. ' Originality/value-The study reveals new insight into halal tourism in the perspective of non-Muslim tourists' halal products or service toward their future travel to halal destination. The contribution of this study is important for tourism operators, managers and marketers of destination tourism with a direct/indirect leadership to improve the tourism destination for non-Muslim tourists' perceptions. El impacto de las percepciones de los turistas en el destino turístico halal: Un modelo de aná lisis estructural Resumen Objetivo-Aunque existen estudios que tratan sobre los servicios relacionados con el halal en la literatura de servicios turísticos, el estudio exploratorio en esta área no es suficiente, particularmente desde las perspectivas de los turistas no musulmanes. Este estudio investiga el impacto de los productos o servicios halal sobre las percepciones de los turistas no musulmanes en su intenci on de lealtad hacia el destino de turismo halal. Diseño/metodología/enfoque-Los cuestionarios estructurales se utilizan para recopilar datos de turistas no musulmanes. SmartPLS se utiliza en este estudio para el análisis de datos. Resultados-Los resultados del análisis estructural encuentran que prohibir los servicios no halal y los servicios de productos alimenticios halal, están significativamente relacionados con la experiencia y el valor del viaje. Los servicios halal generales están positivamente relacionados con el valor del viaje, mientras que la experiencia del viaje no se asoci o con él. Además, la experiencia y el valor del viaje tienen un impacto significativo en la satisfacci on. Los resultados, también encontraron que la intenci on de lealtad de los turistas se atribuye a la satisfacci on de los turistas no musulmanes. Originalidad/valor-El estudio revela una nueva visi on hacía el turismo halal, desde la perspectiva del turista no musulmán hacía los productos o servicios halal, en su futuro viaje a un destino halal. La contribuci on de este estudio es importante para los operadores turísticos, gerentes y comercializadores del turismo de destino con liderazgo directo/indirecto para mejorar el destino turístico de las percepciones de los turistas no musulmanes. Palabras clave-Destino Turístico, No Musulmán, Halal, Satisfacci on, Intenci on de Lealtad Tipo de papel-Trabajo de investigaci on
A model for the customer' s intention towards online banking transactions will be developed and e... more A model for the customer' s intention towards online banking transactions will be developed and empirically investigated in this paper. The theoretical model is tested using a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. To achieve a more balanced finding among the online banking users in Malaysia, a self-administered questionnaire is designed and a total of 200 valid cases found from five major banks that are part of the customer' s behavior towards online banking transactions used. The results show that mutual dependency has the strongest effect on the customer' s expectancy variables, and that a customer' s trust has a direct effect on intention towards online banking transactions. This paper provides banking service providers with guidelines to improve their organizational performance and ends with recommendations for future study.
Purpose-The medical tourism industry has become one of the most profitable industries around the ... more Purpose-The medical tourism industry has become one of the most profitable industries around the world wherein most of the countries exploit every effort to attract medical tourists to take advantage of its medical care benefits. The purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of medical tourists' perceived services and their satisfaction for medical care in hospitals. Design/methodology/approach-The quantitative method was conducted to examine the three groups of foreign travellers such as medical tourists, expats and normative medial tourists' perceived medical services quality and satisfaction. Data from a survey of 266 respondents were analyzed using the structural equation modelling technique. Findings-The findings of this study provide evidence that hospital accessibility and interpersonal behaviour are the most critical constructs that influence medical tourists' attributes. Additionally, medical costs and health-care technicality have a significant relationship with the perceived services of medical tourists. The study also demonstrated that medical tourists' satisfaction highly attributed to their perceived services towards the quality of medical care they received and experienced in the hospitals. Practical implications-The results have important implications for managerial considerations at hospitals. Hospital accessibility is a crucial dimension to be measured at hospitals when measuring service quality. Service providers need to be mindful that all aspects of medical services are essential and need to be delivered satisfactorily to ensure customer satisfaction. Patients' perceived services and their satisfaction is a crucial bridge in determining the likelihood of future return among patients to the hospitals. Originality/value-This study has managed to convincingly secure findings to provide useful information and understanding of the hospital accessibility and interpersonal manner of health-care professionals at hospitals in Malaysia. Particularly, when any hospital offers quality services, they must consider the reasonable medical expenses that can be affordable by the average people and update their medical equipment that are necessary for technical and diagnostic purposes. By ensuring these, they can attract the medical tourists.
The study aims to investigate the brand perception of halal product and services that influence s... more The study aims to investigate the brand perception of halal product and services that influence satisfaction in determining Muslim tourists' experience based on the brand equity and expectation-confirmation theory. A total of 395 respondents who had travelled to Malaysia were analyzed using SmartPLS approach. The results reveal that tourists' satisfaction depends on the brand image and brand awareness; while, the religiosity is not associated with it. The study also determines that tourist's attitude only play a role of a mediator between the brand awareness and satisfaction. The results of this study provide useful information in understanding the brand equity in halal perspective and, more particularly, propose at serving the tourism operators through offering halal services for brand equity which are mostly preferred by the Muslim tourists and attract them for subsequent visit destinations. Abbrevetions: Halal tourism service (HTS), Brand equity (BE), Muslim tourist (MT) ARTICLE HISTORY
Traveling provides tourists the liberty to learn the history and culture of various destinations.... more Traveling provides tourists the liberty to learn the history and culture of various destinations. With the ever-flourishing tourism activities across the world, a trend has emerged within the tourism industry that aspires to enthral Muslim tourists, known as halal tourism. Halal tourism is an arduous task for the tourism industry as there is a variance between the demands of non-Muslim and Muslim tourists. This conceptual paper endeavours to delve into the perception of non-Muslim tourists regarding the halal tourism industry by reviewing the extant literature and proposes certain research directions hinged on the existing literature to explore further on halal tourism. To expand the halal tourism industry and attract international tourists, it is vindicating to bolster halal tourism. Nonetheless, halal tourism has its prospects in both Muslims and non-Muslim tourists who can exigently contribute to flourishing in this sector. A natural impediment of this tourism; however, remains arguable where, the non-Muslim tourists in an absence of certain attributes or restrictions placed, maybe uninterested in adventure certain destinations. The contribution is considered significant as the hefty challenge encountered by halal tourism destinations is chiefly to provision the non-Muslim tourists with their craved amenities that gratify them without discording with Islamic philosophies.
Purpose-This study aims to investigate how the employees' attributes, capabilities, behavioral co... more Purpose-This study aims to investigate how the employees' attributes, capabilities, behavioral control and behavioral intentions affect their intention to become a supply chain manager (SCM). The study also investigates how employees' capabilities mediate the relationship between attributes and intention to become SCM. Design/methodology/approach-The purposive sampling frame is employed to collect the data, and multiple statistical tools and techniques are used for analyzing the data. Findings-The findings reveal that attributes are the most crucial factor for the capabilities of employees to become successful SCM. Employees' behavioral intention and capabilities have a significant impact on intention, whereas perceived behavioral control has a significant negative impact on it. Also, the result finds that capabilities partially mediate the relationship between attributes and intention to become an SCM. Research limitations/implications-The study extends the application of employees' intention to become a supply chain manager. The idea collected is based on Malaysia; thus, further study should be extended to assess the impact of employees' attributes, capabilities and behavioral control to become SCM as well as economic performance in other countries. Originality/value-To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical analysis on the relationship between employees' attributes, capabilities, behavioral control and intention to become SCM in the context of Malaysia. The findings will help the top management to select the right people as SCM and improve their attributes, capabilities and behavior so that they become an effective SCM.
This paper intends to determine the scope and opportunity of waqf-based (Islamic endowment) micro... more This paper intends to determine the scope and opportunity of waqf-based (Islamic endowment) microfinance by applying financial schemes and models to alleviate poverty in the society. The paper is a review-based conceptual piece of work in nature. Waqf-based microfinance model is designed and proposed as a solution to ensure an improved livelihood for the people of the Islamic countries through a comprehensive literature review and provide descriptive data to present its main notion. The development of micro-entrepreneurs integrating waqf-based microfinance will reduce poverty in Islamic countries. This paper proposes a distinct poverty alleviation model which will help generate income and employment for socioeconomic development. The study does not address the regulatory and operational issues of the waqf in detail. Moreover, the study endeavours to integrate the waqf as a source of funding for the microfinance operation which is found to be constraining hence, an empirical model to be analysed in the future is proposed in this paper. The purpose of waqf is to ensure potential economic contribution and equality among the poor segment in the society through a noble charitable effort. This paper will also contribute to the existing literature in the field of poverty reduction. The integration of waqf in Islamic microfinance will make Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)' sustainable with an available source of funding. The MFIs' will fund the available capital to the micro-entrepreneurs and at the same time, innovative micro-financing models incorporating waqf will bring peace in the society by eradicating poverty significantly.
This study aims to examine the determinants of customers' intention to purchase social enterprise... more This study aims to examine the determinants of customers' intention to purchase social enterprise products. The data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 360 respondents from consumers of social enterprise products (MyPride products) sold by current prisoners in Malaysia. Using the Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) technique, the effect of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control on consumers' intention to purchase products were explored based on Ajzen's Theory of Plan Behaviour (TPB). The findings reveal that the strongest relationship was found between attitudes and consumers' intention to purchase products, followed by the subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. This study provides new insights into the TPB and customers' intention to purchase products made by prisoners. The findings are valuable to social enterprise products and other social enterprises to improve their products based on the customers' insights.
Purpose-This study investigates the impact of environmental uncertainty and organizational ambide... more Purpose-This study investigates the impact of environmental uncertainty and organizational ambidexterity on supply chain integration and its relationship between supply chain agility and organizational flexibility in the manufacturing firms. Design/methodology/approach-The data were collected from 526 managers in services and manufacturing industry in Kuala Lumpur. The partial least square (SmartPLS 3.0) tool was applied through the use of the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Findings-The results revealed that a strong relationship exist between environmental uncertainty and supply chain integrations including customer, supplier and internal integration. Organizational ambidexterity has a significant relationship with supply chain integration. Supply chain integrations were shown to have a positive impact on the firm's supply chain agility and organizational flexibility. Originality/value-The findings may assist to establish a set of key drivers for enhancing supply chain agility and organizational flexibility as a supply chain management initiative in the manufacturing and service industry.
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emeral... more If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Abstract Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for studying the propensity towards indebtedness in Malaysia using behavioural factors. Design/methodology/approach-A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among Malaysians who work in Klang Valley, Kuala Lumpur. The questionnaire contained several demographic variables and four behavioural factors: financial literacy, risk perception, materialism and emotions. A total of 201 completed questionnaires were received and the data were tested using structural equation modelling with partial least squares. Findings-This study found that emotion and materialism are statistically significant for a propensity towards indebtedness, while financial literacy and risk perceptions are insignificant for a propensity towards indebtedness. Originality/value-The results of this study would be useful in helping design better models for credit offerings and addressing credit problems in the long run.
This paper examines the determinants of Muslim medical tourists' satisfaction and its impact on l... more This paper examines the determinants of Muslim medical tourists' satisfaction and its impact on loyalty intention for medical treatment at shariah compliant private hospitals in Malaysia. Data were collected from 224 Muslim medical tourists who had received medical care at Shariah-compliant hospitals and analyzed using the structural equation modelling. The findings showed that Shariah-compliant amenities and physicians' Islamic medical-services quality have significant positive relationships with Muslim medical tourists' satisfaction. However, nurses' medical services quality has no significant relationship with tourists' satisfaction. Muslim medical tourists' satisfaction influence loyalty intention. The research outcome provides valuable information on the critical Islamic medical services which could facilitate the delivery of the medical services needed by Muslim medical tourists at the Shariah-compliant hospitals.
This study aims to examine the determinants of customers’ intention
to purchase social enterprise... more This study aims to examine the determinants of customers’ intention
to purchase social enterprise products. The data were collected
using a self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 360
respondents from consumers of social enterprise products
(MyPride products) sold by current prisoners in Malaysia. Using
the Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) technique, the effect of attitude,
subjective norm and perceived behavioural control on consumers’
intention to purchase products were explored based on
Ajzen’s Theory of Plan Behaviour (TPB). The findings reveal that
the strongest relationship was found between attitudes and consumers’
intention to purchase products, followed by the subjective
norm and perceived behavioural control. This study provides
new insights into the TPB and customers’ intention to purchase
products made by prisoners. The findings are valuable to social
enterprise products and other social enterprises to improve their
products based on the customers’ insights.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the critical factors that have impact on environment ... more The purpose of this study is to investigate the critical factors that have impact on environment causes of unused medication. The current study is a descriptive cross-sectional audit involving with patients based on a structured questionnaire format with answer sets. The data is analyzed using partial least square method. The results revealed that excess supplied, expired medicine, changed treatment and side effects have a significant impact on unused medication. In addition, overall unused medication has a significant relationship with environmental effect. In contrast, although excess supplied and side effects have not significant impact on environmental effect, but expired medicine and changed treatment have a significant impact on environmental effect. This survey results suggested; there are few factors which increased the volume of leftover medicine and it has led to an enhanced international awareness of the potential detrimental effects on the environment. More exertion is necessary to raise awareness of people in general as an initial step in promoting behavioral change in connection to medication wastage.
Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2015
ABSTRACT Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the critical factors that influence Mu... more ABSTRACT Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the critical factors that influence Muslim consumers’ motivation towards Islamic market mechanism. Design/methodology/approach – The study also attempts to formulate Ibn Omer Mohamed Sharfudddin’s “Islamic administrative theory and Klaus Hurrelmann’s socialization theory” based on the ‘productive processing of reality (PPR)’ model. The data was collected by distributing a self-administered questionnaire to a sample of 147 participants residing in the major cities in Peninsular Malaysia. The constructs and items used in the questionnaire were derived from the basic guidelines provided in the literature review and Al-Qur’an and Sunnah (Prophet’s deeds) on the conduct of Malaysian business practices. Findings – The results suggest that while awareness of Islamic Market Mechanisms exists amongst businesses; in practice, not many obey such rules. However, a significant relationship does exist between Muslim Consumer Motivational factors and Islamic Market Mechanisms. Practical implications – There is a need of more research on how to establish Islamic market mechanism practice. In addition, the outcomes of this paper are of particular significance to policy makers, as it informs them how to better design Islamic market mechanism to make it more practical regardless of various religious beliefs. Originality/value – This research is a rare attempt on the part of scholars and researchers in Malaysia, relating to the Islamic market mechanism practices and guidelines on a specific discipline. Based on the researchers’ knowledge, it is the first study investigating the application of Islamic market mechanism practice in Malaysia.
Purpose -The World Islamic Tourism Mart in Malaysia has been attracting Muslim tourists from all ... more Purpose -The World Islamic Tourism Mart in Malaysia has been attracting Muslim tourists from all over the world to choose Malaysia as their Islamic tourism destination. This paper aims to implement the concept of the travel career ladder (TCL) with the main purpose of the antecedents of travel motivation toward Malaysia for Islamic tourism destination (MMITD).
Purpose – This paper is specifically developed on the basis of a pragmatic model for the Muslim
f... more Purpose – This paper is specifically developed on the basis of a pragmatic model for the Muslim
friendly medical tourism supply chain industry. The theme of this study is to investigate the
effectiveness and viability of the Muslim-friendly medical tourism supply chain practices in Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach – A framework for the service supply chain management of the
Muslim-friendly medical tourism with the effective outcomes was theoretically developed and
explored in this study, using a structural equation modeling with the partial least squares (PLS)
technique. A structured questionnaire was developed, distributed and collected from 38 Islamicfriendly
hospitals, 9 Muslim-friendly medical agencies and 44 Muslim-friendly hotels that will form
the potential relevant associations of the medical tourism supply chain practices in Malaysia.
Findings – The findings provide reliable evidence that the effectiveness of the Muslim-friendly
medical tourism supply chain practice has a positive impact on the Muslim-friendly medical tourism
supply chain. In addition, the Muslim-friendly medical tourism supply chain practice has also a
significant and positive impact on the organizational performance as a whole. The result also
demonstrates that collaboration is dependent on the demand management, whilst, the productivity is
not associated with it.
Originality/value – Practicing and implementing a Muslim-friendly medical tourism service supply
chain is important, in the sense that the Muslim patients’ demand on the choice of halal practice of
medical treatment and halal food consumption criteria. This investigation is the first to embark on the
research on the Muslim medical tourism supply chain production network in Malaysia. This study
provides practitioners with the important related data to improve their policies and their performances
in the organization. The statistical results provide indispensable valuable information in
comprehending the critical medical tourism supply chain practices, and most especially to assist the
Muslim-friendly medical tourism sector to offer quality medical tourism service that suits and attracts
the Muslim medical tourists’ broad needs regionally and abroad.
Purpose – The study seeks to investigate the perceived role of the Islamic medical care
practice ... more Purpose – The study seeks to investigate the perceived role of the Islamic medical care
practice of the Muslim doctors in the Malaysian Muslim-friendly private hospitals.
Design/methodology/approach– The main method of data collection was through the selfadministered
questionnaires voluntarily submitted by the respondents. The survey covered
selected major Muslim-friendly private hospitals in the country, namely, those in the states of
Kedah, Johor, Penang, Selangor, Kelantan and Kuala Lumpur. The non-probability purposive
sampling was used as the respondents and locations of the survey areas were predetermined.
Findings– The five dimensions of the Muslim-friendly medical care practice were identified,
namely, i) medical etiquettes, ii) physical examination, iii) proper cleansing process of blood
and body secretion, iv) proper handling and treatment of infectious diseases, and v) the
doctors’ advice on the Muslim patients. The findings also indicate that the scale development
analysis has produced excellent results which can be used for any reproducable or repetitive
medical care purposes, integration of facts and figures for inclusion into wider medical care
policy and practices.
Practical implications– The results from the study can further develop the Islamic medical
care practices and will enable the medical service providers to upgrade their performances to
an enviable better strategic status.
Originality/value– The Islamic medical practice is a current phenomenon in the medical
service market as not very much literature or obvious fact is known about it and only a few
studies have been carried out on the Muslim patients’ perspective level. This study has firstly
explored the Muslim doctors’ perceived role in the Islamic medical care practice in the
Malaysian Muslim-friendly private hospitals. This empirical study can immensely contribute
to the further development of the Islamic medical care practice for the Muslim doctors,
especially, and the Muslim-friendly hospital service marketing strategy, generally.
The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that influence to Muslim tourists' intention ... more The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that influence to Muslim tourists' intention to revisit Islamic-friendly hospital. This study contributes practice and management implications that assist in motivating Islamic medical tourism service. As the objective of this paper is to measure the Muslim medical tourists' perception for Islamic medical tourism services in Malaysia, this study applied partial least square (PLS) technique to test the conceptual model. Data is collected using structural questionnaire from Islamic-friendly hospital in Kuala Lumpur. The sample included 238 effective Muslim medical tourists who had visited Malaysia. The results show that healthcare providers' behaviour, Shariah compliance practices, healthcare ethics and safety/security have a positive impact on attitudes and satisfaction. In contrast, healthcare ethics has no significant relationship with satisfaction, whilst, attitudes have a significant relationship with satisfaction. In addition, the results also revealed that attitudes and satisfaction have a significant impact on intention to revisit towards Islamic-friendly hospital. Malaysia needs to introduce and promote Islamic-friendly medical tourism services attracting more Muslim patients from different Muslim and non-Muslim countries. This study contributes a foundation for future research for Islamic-friendly medical tourism service delivery perception and expectations in the fast increasing medical service tourism industry.
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Papers by Dr. Muhammad Khalilur Rahman
to purchase social enterprise products. The data were collected
using a self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 360
respondents from consumers of social enterprise products
(MyPride products) sold by current prisoners in Malaysia. Using
the Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) technique, the effect of attitude,
subjective norm and perceived behavioural control on consumers’
intention to purchase products were explored based on
Ajzen’s Theory of Plan Behaviour (TPB). The findings reveal that
the strongest relationship was found between attitudes and consumers’
intention to purchase products, followed by the subjective
norm and perceived behavioural control. This study provides
new insights into the TPB and customers’ intention to purchase
products made by prisoners. The findings are valuable to social
enterprise products and other social enterprises to improve their
products based on the customers’ insights.
friendly medical tourism supply chain industry. The theme of this study is to investigate the
effectiveness and viability of the Muslim-friendly medical tourism supply chain practices in Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach – A framework for the service supply chain management of the
Muslim-friendly medical tourism with the effective outcomes was theoretically developed and
explored in this study, using a structural equation modeling with the partial least squares (PLS)
technique. A structured questionnaire was developed, distributed and collected from 38 Islamicfriendly
hospitals, 9 Muslim-friendly medical agencies and 44 Muslim-friendly hotels that will form
the potential relevant associations of the medical tourism supply chain practices in Malaysia.
Findings – The findings provide reliable evidence that the effectiveness of the Muslim-friendly
medical tourism supply chain practice has a positive impact on the Muslim-friendly medical tourism
supply chain. In addition, the Muslim-friendly medical tourism supply chain practice has also a
significant and positive impact on the organizational performance as a whole. The result also
demonstrates that collaboration is dependent on the demand management, whilst, the productivity is
not associated with it.
Originality/value – Practicing and implementing a Muslim-friendly medical tourism service supply
chain is important, in the sense that the Muslim patients’ demand on the choice of halal practice of
medical treatment and halal food consumption criteria. This investigation is the first to embark on the
research on the Muslim medical tourism supply chain production network in Malaysia. This study
provides practitioners with the important related data to improve their policies and their performances
in the organization. The statistical results provide indispensable valuable information in
comprehending the critical medical tourism supply chain practices, and most especially to assist the
Muslim-friendly medical tourism sector to offer quality medical tourism service that suits and attracts
the Muslim medical tourists’ broad needs regionally and abroad.
practice of the Muslim doctors in the Malaysian Muslim-friendly private hospitals.
Design/methodology/approach– The main method of data collection was through the selfadministered
questionnaires voluntarily submitted by the respondents. The survey covered
selected major Muslim-friendly private hospitals in the country, namely, those in the states of
Kedah, Johor, Penang, Selangor, Kelantan and Kuala Lumpur. The non-probability purposive
sampling was used as the respondents and locations of the survey areas were predetermined.
Findings– The five dimensions of the Muslim-friendly medical care practice were identified,
namely, i) medical etiquettes, ii) physical examination, iii) proper cleansing process of blood
and body secretion, iv) proper handling and treatment of infectious diseases, and v) the
doctors’ advice on the Muslim patients. The findings also indicate that the scale development
analysis has produced excellent results which can be used for any reproducable or repetitive
medical care purposes, integration of facts and figures for inclusion into wider medical care
policy and practices.
Practical implications– The results from the study can further develop the Islamic medical
care practices and will enable the medical service providers to upgrade their performances to
an enviable better strategic status.
Originality/value– The Islamic medical practice is a current phenomenon in the medical
service market as not very much literature or obvious fact is known about it and only a few
studies have been carried out on the Muslim patients’ perspective level. This study has firstly
explored the Muslim doctors’ perceived role in the Islamic medical care practice in the
Malaysian Muslim-friendly private hospitals. This empirical study can immensely contribute
to the further development of the Islamic medical care practice for the Muslim doctors,
especially, and the Muslim-friendly hospital service marketing strategy, generally.
to purchase social enterprise products. The data were collected
using a self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 360
respondents from consumers of social enterprise products
(MyPride products) sold by current prisoners in Malaysia. Using
the Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) technique, the effect of attitude,
subjective norm and perceived behavioural control on consumers’
intention to purchase products were explored based on
Ajzen’s Theory of Plan Behaviour (TPB). The findings reveal that
the strongest relationship was found between attitudes and consumers’
intention to purchase products, followed by the subjective
norm and perceived behavioural control. This study provides
new insights into the TPB and customers’ intention to purchase
products made by prisoners. The findings are valuable to social
enterprise products and other social enterprises to improve their
products based on the customers’ insights.
friendly medical tourism supply chain industry. The theme of this study is to investigate the
effectiveness and viability of the Muslim-friendly medical tourism supply chain practices in Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach – A framework for the service supply chain management of the
Muslim-friendly medical tourism with the effective outcomes was theoretically developed and
explored in this study, using a structural equation modeling with the partial least squares (PLS)
technique. A structured questionnaire was developed, distributed and collected from 38 Islamicfriendly
hospitals, 9 Muslim-friendly medical agencies and 44 Muslim-friendly hotels that will form
the potential relevant associations of the medical tourism supply chain practices in Malaysia.
Findings – The findings provide reliable evidence that the effectiveness of the Muslim-friendly
medical tourism supply chain practice has a positive impact on the Muslim-friendly medical tourism
supply chain. In addition, the Muslim-friendly medical tourism supply chain practice has also a
significant and positive impact on the organizational performance as a whole. The result also
demonstrates that collaboration is dependent on the demand management, whilst, the productivity is
not associated with it.
Originality/value – Practicing and implementing a Muslim-friendly medical tourism service supply
chain is important, in the sense that the Muslim patients’ demand on the choice of halal practice of
medical treatment and halal food consumption criteria. This investigation is the first to embark on the
research on the Muslim medical tourism supply chain production network in Malaysia. This study
provides practitioners with the important related data to improve their policies and their performances
in the organization. The statistical results provide indispensable valuable information in
comprehending the critical medical tourism supply chain practices, and most especially to assist the
Muslim-friendly medical tourism sector to offer quality medical tourism service that suits and attracts
the Muslim medical tourists’ broad needs regionally and abroad.
practice of the Muslim doctors in the Malaysian Muslim-friendly private hospitals.
Design/methodology/approach– The main method of data collection was through the selfadministered
questionnaires voluntarily submitted by the respondents. The survey covered
selected major Muslim-friendly private hospitals in the country, namely, those in the states of
Kedah, Johor, Penang, Selangor, Kelantan and Kuala Lumpur. The non-probability purposive
sampling was used as the respondents and locations of the survey areas were predetermined.
Findings– The five dimensions of the Muslim-friendly medical care practice were identified,
namely, i) medical etiquettes, ii) physical examination, iii) proper cleansing process of blood
and body secretion, iv) proper handling and treatment of infectious diseases, and v) the
doctors’ advice on the Muslim patients. The findings also indicate that the scale development
analysis has produced excellent results which can be used for any reproducable or repetitive
medical care purposes, integration of facts and figures for inclusion into wider medical care
policy and practices.
Practical implications– The results from the study can further develop the Islamic medical
care practices and will enable the medical service providers to upgrade their performances to
an enviable better strategic status.
Originality/value– The Islamic medical practice is a current phenomenon in the medical
service market as not very much literature or obvious fact is known about it and only a few
studies have been carried out on the Muslim patients’ perspective level. This study has firstly
explored the Muslim doctors’ perceived role in the Islamic medical care practice in the
Malaysian Muslim-friendly private hospitals. This empirical study can immensely contribute
to the further development of the Islamic medical care practice for the Muslim doctors,
especially, and the Muslim-friendly hospital service marketing strategy, generally.
marketing strategy for customer satisfaction and loyalty as well as whether it affects a company’s retailing performance. Today, retailers need to devote more consideration to long-term strategic planning to cope effectively with the growing intensity of retail competition as well as shift in customer needs. This book provides how retailers will deal effectively with their customers’ patronage and satisfaction. Customer loyalty is
measured through satisfaction using structural equation modeling technique. The findings should assist retailers operating in other markets, entrepreneurs, managers of firms and policy makers to enter the market for the marketing efforts and target customers.
number of people, then the decision is acceptable although a small number of people might be
affected by the decision. This is also known as democratic rule of making decision based on majority
opinions. There are similar principles in Islam known as ‘al-maslahah al-mursalah’ which means ‘for
the public interest’. It means that if any decision is taken by a business leader or by an authority for
the interest of public then that decision is acceptable in Islamic jurisprudence. Islam accepts a
decision if it is beneficial for the society. There is another principle in Islam which is known as
‘Istihsan’ which means ‘judicial preference’. Muslim scholars use this concept to prefer one decision
over another on public interest ground. However, one thing we have to remember that we are the
representative (Khalifa) of Allah as well as representative of people. So, whatever decision we make,
it should be for the benefit of people and at the same time for the satisfaction of Allah (s.w.t.). The
objective of this paper is to critically analyze the possibility of harmonization of the western
philosophy ‘the greatest good for the greatest number of people’ with Islamic jurisprudential
principles ‘al-maslahah al-mursalah’ and ‘istihsan’. Qualitative research methodology has been
applied in this paper.
Keywords: Utilitarianism, the greatest good philosophy, maslahah philosophy, istihsan philosophy,
harmonization between western and Islamic philosophy of public interest.