Papers by Ana Shakirah
Muslimah International Summit Kelantan, 2019
With many women receiving tertiary education, more women have become significant income earners a... more With many women receiving tertiary education, more women have become significant income earners and have the opportunity to save. As a result, more women are expected to become eligible payers of zakat on wealth. This paper examined payment of an important zakat on wealth – zakat on banking deposits among Muslim women in Selangor and Federal Territories. Specifically, the paper examined the demographic profiles between those that paid zakat and those who chose not to pay. Characteristics such as age, education level, employment status, marital status, monthly income, zakat channels, and resident areas were examined to determine the main drivers behind their payment of zakat on banking deposits. Next, the paper explored the level of zakat literacy among the respondents. We assumed that zakat literacy plays important roles behind the payment of zakat on deposits given the advancement of the deposit products. In measuring this, we adapted measurement of financial literacy as introduced by OECD namely awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours. In achieving these objectives, a survey among Muslim women respondents was conducted in Klang Valley. Findings indicated that age, education level, employment status, annual income per month, zakat channels, annual zakat payment and residential areas played important roles in influencing payment of zakat on banking deposits among the respondents. Meanwhile, among the dimensions of financial literacy investigated, only age and monthly income were found to have positive correlations with zakat awareness and behaviour. Surprisingly, the correlations between age and zakat knowledge and skills were found to be significantly negative. It is expected that this study may help zakat institutions to understand their women zakat clients and guide them to develop appropriate program of zakat literacy suitable for women of various demographic profiles.
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.
Muslimah International Summit Kelantan , 2019
With many women receiving tertiary education, more women have become significant income earners a... more With many women receiving tertiary education, more women have become significant income earners and have the opportunity to save. As a result, more women are expected to become eligible payers of zakat on wealth. This paper examined payment of an important zakat on wealth – zakat on banking deposits among Muslim women in Selangor and Federal Territories. Specifically, the paper examined the demographic profiles between those that paid zakat and those who chose not to pay. Characteristics such as age, education level, employment status, marital status, monthly income, zakat channels, and resident areas were examined to determine the main drivers behind their payment of zakat on banking deposits. Next, the paper explored the level of zakat literacy among the respondents. We assumed that zakat literacy plays important roles behind the payment of zakat on deposits given the advancement of the deposit products. In measuring this, we adapted measurement of financial literacy as introduced by OECD namely awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours. In achieving these objectives, a survey among Muslim women respondents was conducted in Klang Valley. Findings indicated that age, education level, employment status, annual income per month, zakat channels, annual zakat payment and residential areas played important roles in influencing payment of zakat on banking deposits among the respondents. Meanwhile, among the dimensions of financial literacy investigated, only age and monthly income were found to have positive correlations with zakat awareness and behaviour. Surprisingly, the correlations between age and zakat knowledge and skills were found to be significantly negative. It is expected that this study may help zakat institutions to understand their women zakat clients and guide them to develop appropriate program of zakat literacy suitable for women of various demographic profiles.
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.
Muslim men and cosmetics were rarely emphasized in previous literature. This paper aims to gauge ... more Muslim men and cosmetics were rarely emphasized in previous literature. This paper aims to gauge the level of halal cosmetic awareness and decision-making power among Muslim males in Malaysia in terms of age, educational level, Islamic backgrounds and marital status. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 respondents aged between 18 -30 years old, but only 86 of the respondents for this study were males. These 86 male respondents were categorized by their marital status. The findings showed that married males and males who are pursuing postgraduate studies scored a higher level of halal cosmetic awareness and decision-making power compared to their single counterparts. Particularly married postgraduate males below 25 years old, and from non-Islamic background scored a high halal cosmetic awareness, while those aged above 25, and from an Islamic background scored a high halal cosmetic decision-making power. Correlation result has shown that in general, Muslim males but from non-Islamic background were very likely to have higher halal cosmetic level of decision-making power than their Islamic counterparts, regardless their marital status. The findings of the study indicate that OECD's financial literacy framework could also be adapted in the study of cosmetic literacy with certain important Islamic guidelines of cosmetic consumption.
Albukhary Social Business Journal, 2020
This research involves an element of OECD's Financial Literacy Framework, insofar as the framewor... more This research involves an element of OECD's Financial Literacy Framework, insofar as the framework has not previously been adapted in halal cosmetic context. This thus requires a philosophy of Positivism that enables the framework to be empirically operationalised by using an online survey. The aim was to examine the level of literacy for halal cosmetic among Malaysian Muslim students through psychographic variables and to conduct comparisons between gender, age, faculty, Islamic backgrounds, as well as educational sponsorship to elicit differences in halal cosmetic literacy level between Islamic and non-Islamic undergraduates. The findings show the active usage of cosmetics, and their ability to access the relevant cosmetic information increases the level of halal cosmetic literacy among non-Islamic undergraduates. In contrast, the lack of cosmetic usage due to a shortage of money and, waiting for cosmetic providers to assure about halal status in cosmetic products are seemed to influencing Islamic students' slow progress in acquiring halal cosmetic literacy. As a consequence, Islamic students obtain a lower level of halal cosmetic literacy than non-Islamic students. It is expected that this study may assist cosmetic providers to understand their cosmetic consumers based on Islamic backgrounds because it influences the way they acquire halal cosmetic literacy. The findings of the study indicate that OECD's financial literacy framework could also be adapted in the study of cosmetic literacy.
Jurnal of Ilmi, 2020
Permintaan terhadap produk kosmetik halal dalam kalangan pengguna Muslim
semakin meningkat dari h... more Permintaan terhadap produk kosmetik halal dalam kalangan pengguna Muslim
semakin meningkat dari hari ke hari kerana mereka perlu tampil segar dan menarik
ketika bertugas atau bersosial di luar rumah. Tujuan kertas penyelidikan ini ialah
untuk mengkaji tahap pengetahuan kosmetik halal dengan mengadaptasikan
kerangka literasi kewangan yang diperkenalkan oleh OECD dalam menilai hubungan
antara faktor-faktor demografik pelajar pascasiswazah beragama Islam yang
mengikuti pengajian Sarjana dan Doktor Falsafah bagi sesi 2019 / 2020 seperti
jantina, umur, latar belakang pengajian, penaja pendidikan dan taraf perkahwinan.
Soal selidik dijalankan menggunakan teknik ‘Convenience Sampling’ secara atas
talian kepada semua mahasiswa yang sedang menuntut ilmu di 14 fakulti dan dua
akademi pengajian di Universiti Malaya. Hasilnya, daripada 300 soal selidik yang
berjaya dikumpulkan, hanya 106 data yang sah dan dapat digunakan untuk analisa
seterusnya. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah silang tabulasi untuk mendedahkan
corak dan trend pelajar pascasiswazah serta pengetahuan kosmetik halal,
menggunakan ‘Mann-Whitney Test’ dan ‘Kruskal-Wallis Test’ untuk menguji
hipotesis kajian. Ujian kolerasi pula dilaksanakan bagi mengenalpasti faktor
demografik yang mempunyai hubungkait dengan pengetahuan kosmetik halal. Silang
tabulasi berjaya mendedahkan corak atau trend pelajar pascasiswazah yang berusia
26-30 tahun dan masih bujang yang paling ketara mendapat skor pengetahuan
kosmetik halal yang tinggi. Ia dilihat seiring dengan laporan pengkaji lepas yang
mengatakan bahawa kelompok usia 27 tahun memiliki kuasa memilih dan membeli
produk kosmetik yang mereka sukai. Tetapi ujian hipotesis menunjukkan sebaliknya,
apabila dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar pascasiswazah lelaki, yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian Islam dan sudah berumahtangga yang lebih memiliki
tahap pengetahuan kosmetik halal yang tinggi. Manakala, ujian kolerasi
menunjukkan kekuatan kolerasi yang lemah antara faktor demografik dan
pengetahuan kosmetik halal, tapi umur dan taraf perkahwinan menunjukkan arah positif dengan nilai signifikan <0.05. Latar belakang pengajian pelajar pascasiswazah
menunjukkan arah negatif memberi isyarat bahawa pelajar pascasiswazah yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian Islam dari Timur Tengah menguasai pengetahuan
kosmetik halal. Secara keseluruhan, limitasi kajian berlingkar dalam menerangkan
ralat dalam merekabentuk instrumen kajian dan ralat pensampelan yang sepatutnya
menggunakan ‘Purposive Sampling’. Namun begitu, kajian ini dapat menyediakan
informasi berguna tentang bagaimana kerangka literasi kewangan OECD dapat
diadaptasikan dalam kajian kosmetik halal. Perkaitan antara kedua-duanya ialah
pembelian dan penggunaan kosmetik halal juga melibatkan wang pengguna.
Sekiranya pengguna produk kosmetik halal terdiri daripada mereka yang tergolong
dalam kumpulan yang amat terdedah dengan risiko kesempitan wang, maka
pembelian kosmetik halal dianggap satu bentuk pembaziran. Kajian ini juga berjaya
mendedahkan corak pemahaman dan pengamalan pelajar pascasiswazah yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian dari Timur Tengah di mana rata-rata mereka lebih
gemar mengamalkan produk kosmetik yang pernah digunakan oleh Rasulullah
S.A.W. dalam penjagaan dan perapian diri.
Jurnal Syariah, Jil. 28, Bil. 2 (2020)
With many university students receiving formal financial education, more individual have become s... more With many university students receiving formal financial education, more individual have become significant understanding on their own money management. As a result, they able to successfully manage their own tuition fees, cost of living and entertainment without their parents’ guidance. This paper explored financial understanding of undergraduates at Academy of Islamic Studies University of Malaya (APIUM). Specifically, this paper investigated their demographic profiles and its relationship with their understanding on zakāh, takaful and free-interest loans offered by Islamic financial institutions. In addition, this paper also investigated on their spending behaviour. Characteristics such as field of study, source of education funds, education financing and their spending priority were examined to determine the main drivers behind the receiving of zakāh, subscribing monthly takaful, engaging in interest-based loans as well as their spending behavior. We assumed that financial literacy defined by OECD has become our underlying framework for this paper. Findings indicated that undergraduates with full sponsored by their family have different view about receiving zakāh funds, subscribing takaful, engaging in free-interest loan, and spending on entertainment cost. It is expected that this study would be expanded to more undergraduates who come from rich family backgrounds. It is expected that this study may help university to develop appropriate program of financial education suitable for undergraduates of various demographic profiles including those who come from rich family.
Muslim Scholars Association of Malaysia (Persatuan Ulama Malaysia), 2020
Artikel ini adalah berkaitan dengan kos sara hidup. Ia
berdasarkan dengan laporan Ikatan Mahasisw... more Artikel ini adalah berkaitan dengan kos sara hidup. Ia
berdasarkan dengan laporan Ikatan Mahasiswa Darul Naim
(NAIM), organisasi mahasiswa yang menjadi nadi pelajar
Kelantan bahawa kebanyakan mahasiswi Kelantan di seluruh
negara sering mengadu mempunyai masalah berkaitan dengan
kewangan. Faktor-faktor tekanan lain yang diadukan oleh
mahasiswi Kelantan ialah kegagalan mendapat penempatan di
kolej kediaman. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami
punca utama terhadap tekanan ini yang menganggu pengajian
mahasiswi Kelantan sepanjang menuntut ilmu. Artikel ini
dimulakan dengan isu-isu yang diketengahkan kepada NAIM,
kemudiannya kajian literatur untuk mengenalpasti sama ada
tekanan yang serupa dialami juga oleh mahasiswa seluruh dunia
agar kepelbagaian solusi dapat dicadangkan. Kemudian, analisa
demografik mahasiswi Kelantan dijalankan dengan
menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Sebanyak 1,313 data dibekalkan oleh NAIM melalui kaedah soal
selidik atas talian pada Mac 2020 tapi hanya 1,029 data berkaitan
dengan mahasiswi Kelantan yang menuntut di peringkat Ijazah
Sarjana Muda di universiti awam seluruh Malaysia. Dapatan
kajian menunjukkan majoriti mahasiswi Kelantan menuntut di
UPSI dan UiTM, di negeri Perak dan Selangor, di semester
keenam, semester kedua, dan semester keempat dalam jurusan
pendidikan, bidang sains teknologi dan ekonomi kewangan.
Temubual dengan Yang Dipertua Persatuan Mahasiswa
Kelantan juga turut diadakan bagi menguatkan keputusan
demografik. Daripada 20 orang YDP yang dijemput untuk sesi
temubual ini, hanya 4 orang sahaja yang sudi untuk ditemubual.
Menurut YDP, masalah utama mahasiswi Kelantan ialah
masalah kewangan terutamanya melibatkan mahasiswi yang
menuntut ilmu di Lembah Klang. Mereka yang terpaksa
menetap di luar kampus dibebani kos sewa rumah, kos internet,
makanan dan pengangkutan yang tidak mampu ditampung
hanya dengan wang biasiswa yang mereka perolehi. YDP juga
mengaitkan masalah kewangan dengan masalah-masalah
mahasiswi banyak dihadapi oleh mereka yang berada di luar
kampus dengan isu keselamatan siswi luar kampus. Kajian ini
menyarankan agar Pusat Mahasiswa Kelantan yang
mengadaptasi model Malaysia Hall di luar negara dilaksanakan
di negeri-negeri yang berpendapatan tinggi seperti Lembah
Klang. Melalui kajian ini, diharapkan pelbagai pihak dapat
memahami bahawa permasalahan utama mahasiswi Kelantan
yang belajar di negeri lain adalah masalah kewangan. Bantuan
kewangan berbentuk PTPTN atau pun biasiswa tajaan kerajaan
negeri dilihat tidak mencukupi bagi mahasiswi Kelantan yang
terpaksa menyewa di luar kampus terutamanya di kawasan
seperti Lembah Klang.
Emerald, 2020
Purpose-University students are known to face many challenges in achieving high financial literac... more Purpose-University students are known to face many challenges in achieving high financial literacy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of financial literacy among Malaysian Muslim undergraduates as explained through sociocultural variables. Furthermore, this paper explores a few additional Islamic measurements as part of assessing the level of financial literacy among the students. Design/methodology/approach-The questionnaires were drafted based on a multi-dimensional financial literacy model and distributed conveniently to 330 respondents. Post-interviews were also conducted with selected students to further comprehend the sociocultural context. Findings-The findings suggest that exposing students to financial education and practices influence their financial literacy scores. Students who attended muamalat-related courses demonstrated better financial literacy scores. Meanwhile, post-interview results indicate that the students' social environment and interactions also play important roles in enhancing their financial literacy. Hence, it is believed that it is essential to embed Islamic-based measurements to equip students with financial literacy in tandem with their pedagogic development. The results thus extend previous studies by confirming the importance of Islamic-based finance-and business-related knowledge for all tertiary students. Furthermore, the curricula should be made compatible to their studying environment and attuned to their values and cultures. Practical implications-The findings suggest the introduction of personal financial and muamalat-based knowledge and practices relative to their Islamic programme orientation. This should take place during the students' academic years and across all academic programmes' orientation. The study also highlights the importance of developing special measurements of Islamic financial literacy for Muslims congruent to their distinct Islamic identity. Social implications-The study indicates the importance of high financial literacy among tertiary students for them to have a financially stable future. Originality/value-The research is original in its use of several measurements of financial literacy that embedded Islamic teachings concomitant to the Muslim respondents.
Jurnal Syariah, 2020
With many university students receiving formal financial education, more individual have become s... more With many university students receiving formal financial education, more individual have become significant understanding on their own money management. As a result, they able to successfully manage their own tuition fees, cost of living and entertainment without their parents' guidance. This paper explored financial understanding of undergraduates at Academy of Islamic Studies University of Malaya (APIUM). Specifically, this paper investigated their demographic profiles and its relationship with their understanding on zakāh, takaful and free-interest loans offered by Islamic financial institutions. In addition, this paper also investigated on their spending behaviour. Characteristics such as field of study, source of education funds, education financing and their spending priority were examined to determine the main drivers behind the receiving of zakāh, subscribing
Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020
Purpose University students are known to face many challenges in achieving high financial literac... more Purpose University students are known to face many challenges in achieving high financial literacy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of financial literacy among Malaysian Muslim undergraduates as explained through sociocultural variables. Furthermore, this paper explores a few additional Islamic measurements as part of assessing the level of financial literacy among the students. Design/methodology/approach The questionnaires were drafted based on a multi-dimensional financial literacy model and distributed conveniently to 330 respondents. Post-interviews were also conducted with selected students to further comprehend the sociocultural context. Findings The findings suggest that exposing students to financial education and practices influence their financial literacy scores. Students who attended muamalat-related courses demonstrated better financial literacy scores. Meanwhile, post-interview results indicate that the students' social environment and interactions also play important roles in enhancing their financial literacy. Hence, it is believed that it is essential to embed Islamic-based measurements to equip students with financial literacy in tandem with their pedagogic development. The results thus extend previous studies by confirming the importance of Islamic-based finance-and business-related knowledge for all tertiary students. Furthermore, the curricula should be made compatible to their studying environment and attuned to their values and cultures. Practical implications The findings suggest the introduction of personal financial and muamalat-based knowledge and practices relative to their Islamic programme orientation. This should take place during the students' academic years and across all academic programmes' orientation. The study also highlights the importance of developing special measurements of Islamic financial literacy for Muslims congruent to their distinct Islamic identity. Social implications The study indicates the importance of high financial literacy among tertiary students for them to have a financially stable future.
International Journal of Zakat and Islamic Philanthrophy, 2020
Banking deposits can be considered as one of the most recent zakatable assets which have distinct... more Banking deposits can be considered as one of the most recent zakatable assets which have distinct characteristics that evolved in tandem with the financial and technological advancements of banking deposit products. The paper examined demographic differences in payment of zakat on banking deposits and zakat literacy among urbanite Malaysian Muslims. Characteristics such as age, education level, and employment status were investigated to determine the main drivers behind the payment of zakat on banking deposits and the level of zakat literacy among the respondents. Further, the paper examined their level of zakat literacy and its relationship with payment of zakat on banking deposits. In measuring zakat literacy, we adapted measurement of financial literacy as introduced by OECD namely awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours. Findings indicated that education level and employment status played significant roles in determining payment of zakat on banking deposits among the Malaysian Muslim urbanites. Meanwhile, payment of zakat on banking deposits was found to be positively significantly correlated with zakat awareness and behaviour but not for zakat knowledge and skills. There was also a significant difference in the level of zakat literacy and all of its dimension between the payers and non-payers of zakat. The findings signal the importance of appropriate educational programs that ensures the zakat literacy among the urbanite zakat payers to further improve their understanding and payment of zakat on banking deposits.
Drafts by Ana Shakirah
(MASA: MINIT KE 0:00-7:11) Shabana M. Hasan: Bismillahirrahmanirrahim…Assalamualaikum w.b.t…. ber... more (MASA: MINIT KE 0:00-7:11) Shabana M. Hasan: Bismillahirrahmanirrahim…Assalamualaikum w.b.t…. bersama saya Shabana Hasan, di dalam Tijarah, program cakna kewangan Islam anda. Baiklah hari ini kita akan membincangkan mengenai kewangan sosial Islam…apa manfaatnya? Allah s.w.t berfirman dalam Surah Al-Baqarah Ayat 276, "Allah memusnahkan Riba dn menyuburkan sadaqah." Jadi untuk industri perbankan Islam yang sudah terbiasa dan terkenal sebagai entity yang didorong oleh keuntungan, bagaimana industry ini mampu mempraktikkan sadaqah di dalam operasi perbankan mereka? Adakah benar bahawa industri perbankan Islam dapat membantu untuk menyalurkan kekayaan kepada golongan yang memerlukan bagi meningkatkan ekonomi mereka? Adakah ini yang dimaksudkan sebagai kewangan sosial Islam? Dan adakah benar kewangan sosial Islam boleh menjadi platform yang berkesan untuk membantu mereka yang terjejas akibat Covid-19? Untuk menjawab semua persoalan ini, kami menjemput ke studio. Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad, yang
Master Thesis, 2016
Attaining high financial well-being has been associated with one's happiness. One of the requirem... more Attaining high financial well-being has been associated with one's happiness. One of the requirement to achieve this is for individuals to acquire high Financial Literacy (FL) for sustaining current and future financial stability. FL is the individual's ability to obtain financial information, analyze such information by using proper analytical tools for making effective financial decisions as well as the ability to execute financial plan. Conversely, achieving financial well-being is quite challenging, particularly for university students who are the group of young adults without mainstream incomes, and need to expend money for the necessary fees and cost of living besides spending for entertainment, clubs and societies. Hence, being financially literate becomes more pertinent to students especially those without financial assistance. This research project aims to explore FL that is embedded with Islamic values and principles namely the Islamic financial literacy (IFL). It is expected that IFL shall be different from its counterpart given that Islam emphasizes several distinct requirements from her disciples in their financial decision making. This study attempts to examine the levels of this IFL among Muslim undergraduate students and the demographic factors that affect them. In achieving this objective, the study deliberately targets Muslim undergraduate students pursuing courses at the Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. These respondents were unique in the sense that they have been continuously receiving formal Islamic education throughout their adolescent years. Thus, they were expected to understand and reflect the Islamic values more profoundly than students pursuing non-religious studies. The questionnaires were drafted and distributed conveniently to 300 respondents to collection their personal details and to examine their IFL level. From these questionnaires, a total of 294 were returned and filtered. Only 219 were usable for further analysis. Sample independent T-test, ANOVA and crosstabulations techniques have been employed for comparing means scores besides the tests of significant (Pearson-Chi Squares, F ratio and Cronbach's Alpha). Apart
Conference Presentations by Ana Shakirah
e-proceeding of International Conference on Educational Research, 2020
Muslim men and cosmetics were rarely emphasized in previous literature. This paper aims to gauge ... more Muslim men and cosmetics were rarely emphasized in previous literature. This paper aims to gauge the level of halal cosmetic awareness and decision-making power among Muslim males in Malaysia in terms of age, educational level, Islamic backgrounds and marital status. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 respondents aged between 18-30 years old, but only 86 of the respondents for this study were males. These 86 male respondents were categorized by their marital status. The findings showed that married males and males who are pursuing postgraduate studies scored a higher level of halal cosmetic awareness and decision-making power compared to their single counterparts. Particularly married postgraduate males below 25 years old, and from non-Islamic background scored a high halal cosmetic awareness, while those aged above 25, and from an Islamic background scored a high halal cosmetic decision-making power. Correlation result has shown that in general, Muslim males but from non-Islamic background were very likely to have higher halal cosmetic level of decision-making power than their Islamic counterparts, regardless their marital status. The findings of the study indicate that OECD's financial literacy framework could also be adapted in the study of cosmetic literacy with certain important Islamic guidelines of cosmetic consumption.
Books by Ana Shakirah
Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah, 2021
The e-proceeding 2nd Kedah International Zakat
Conference 2021 (i-KEIZAC) is held under the ausp... more The e-proceeding 2nd Kedah International Zakat
Conference 2021 (i-KEIZAC) is held under the auspices
of the Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah, Malaysia. This
e-proceeding aims to raise contemporary management
and Islamic Social Finance issues that specifically
discusses the link between the institution of zakat and its
the primary goal of poverty alleviation and addressing socio-economic issues. This publication is a compilation of
ninety papers discussing various ranging contemporary
issues in Islamic Social Finance and other relevant
topics. It discusses various issues such in line with the
theme “Innovation in Islamic Social Finance via Zakat
Transformation Agenda”.
This e-proceeding is published in conjunction with the
2nd Kedah International zakat Conference that held
every two years consecutively. We would also like to
congratulate the editors of this e-proceeding for their
effort in producing this publication.
Thank you.
FOREWORD
SYEIKH ZAKARIA BIN OTHMAN, AMK
Chief Executive Officer
Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah
Kedah Darul Aman
Muslimah International Summit Kelantan (MISK), 2019
With many women receiving tertiary education, more women have become significant income earners a... more With many women receiving tertiary education, more women have become significant income earners and have the opportunity to save. As a result, more women are expected to become eligible payers of zakat on wealth. This paper examined payment of an important zakat on wealth – zakat on banking deposits among Muslim women in Selangor and Federal Territories. Specifically, the paper examined the demographic profiles between those that paid zakat and those who chose not to pay. Characteristics such as age, education level, employment status, marital status, monthly income, zakat channels, and resident areas were examined to determine the main drivers behind their payment of zakat on banking deposits. Next, the paper explored the level of zakat literacy among the respondents. We assumed that zakat literacy plays important roles behind the payment of zakat on deposits given the advancement of the deposit products. In measuring this, we adapted measurement of financial literacy as introduced by OECD namely awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours. In achieving these objectives, a survey among Muslim women respondents was conducted in Klang Valley. Findings indicated that age, education level, employment status, annual income per month, zakat channels, annual zakat payment and residential areas played important roles in influencing payment of zakat on banking deposits among the respondents. Meanwhile, among the dimensions of financial literacy investigated, only age and monthly income were found to have positive correlations with zakat awareness and behaviour. Surprisingly, the correlations between age and zakat knowledge and skills were found to be significantly negative. It is expected that this study may help zakat institutions to understand their women zakat clients and guide them to develop appropriate program of zakat literacy suitable for women of various demographic profiles.
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.
Uploads
Papers by Ana Shakirah
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.
semakin meningkat dari hari ke hari kerana mereka perlu tampil segar dan menarik
ketika bertugas atau bersosial di luar rumah. Tujuan kertas penyelidikan ini ialah
untuk mengkaji tahap pengetahuan kosmetik halal dengan mengadaptasikan
kerangka literasi kewangan yang diperkenalkan oleh OECD dalam menilai hubungan
antara faktor-faktor demografik pelajar pascasiswazah beragama Islam yang
mengikuti pengajian Sarjana dan Doktor Falsafah bagi sesi 2019 / 2020 seperti
jantina, umur, latar belakang pengajian, penaja pendidikan dan taraf perkahwinan.
Soal selidik dijalankan menggunakan teknik ‘Convenience Sampling’ secara atas
talian kepada semua mahasiswa yang sedang menuntut ilmu di 14 fakulti dan dua
akademi pengajian di Universiti Malaya. Hasilnya, daripada 300 soal selidik yang
berjaya dikumpulkan, hanya 106 data yang sah dan dapat digunakan untuk analisa
seterusnya. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah silang tabulasi untuk mendedahkan
corak dan trend pelajar pascasiswazah serta pengetahuan kosmetik halal,
menggunakan ‘Mann-Whitney Test’ dan ‘Kruskal-Wallis Test’ untuk menguji
hipotesis kajian. Ujian kolerasi pula dilaksanakan bagi mengenalpasti faktor
demografik yang mempunyai hubungkait dengan pengetahuan kosmetik halal. Silang
tabulasi berjaya mendedahkan corak atau trend pelajar pascasiswazah yang berusia
26-30 tahun dan masih bujang yang paling ketara mendapat skor pengetahuan
kosmetik halal yang tinggi. Ia dilihat seiring dengan laporan pengkaji lepas yang
mengatakan bahawa kelompok usia 27 tahun memiliki kuasa memilih dan membeli
produk kosmetik yang mereka sukai. Tetapi ujian hipotesis menunjukkan sebaliknya,
apabila dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar pascasiswazah lelaki, yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian Islam dan sudah berumahtangga yang lebih memiliki
tahap pengetahuan kosmetik halal yang tinggi. Manakala, ujian kolerasi
menunjukkan kekuatan kolerasi yang lemah antara faktor demografik dan
pengetahuan kosmetik halal, tapi umur dan taraf perkahwinan menunjukkan arah positif dengan nilai signifikan <0.05. Latar belakang pengajian pelajar pascasiswazah
menunjukkan arah negatif memberi isyarat bahawa pelajar pascasiswazah yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian Islam dari Timur Tengah menguasai pengetahuan
kosmetik halal. Secara keseluruhan, limitasi kajian berlingkar dalam menerangkan
ralat dalam merekabentuk instrumen kajian dan ralat pensampelan yang sepatutnya
menggunakan ‘Purposive Sampling’. Namun begitu, kajian ini dapat menyediakan
informasi berguna tentang bagaimana kerangka literasi kewangan OECD dapat
diadaptasikan dalam kajian kosmetik halal. Perkaitan antara kedua-duanya ialah
pembelian dan penggunaan kosmetik halal juga melibatkan wang pengguna.
Sekiranya pengguna produk kosmetik halal terdiri daripada mereka yang tergolong
dalam kumpulan yang amat terdedah dengan risiko kesempitan wang, maka
pembelian kosmetik halal dianggap satu bentuk pembaziran. Kajian ini juga berjaya
mendedahkan corak pemahaman dan pengamalan pelajar pascasiswazah yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian dari Timur Tengah di mana rata-rata mereka lebih
gemar mengamalkan produk kosmetik yang pernah digunakan oleh Rasulullah
S.A.W. dalam penjagaan dan perapian diri.
berdasarkan dengan laporan Ikatan Mahasiswa Darul Naim
(NAIM), organisasi mahasiswa yang menjadi nadi pelajar
Kelantan bahawa kebanyakan mahasiswi Kelantan di seluruh
negara sering mengadu mempunyai masalah berkaitan dengan
kewangan. Faktor-faktor tekanan lain yang diadukan oleh
mahasiswi Kelantan ialah kegagalan mendapat penempatan di
kolej kediaman. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami
punca utama terhadap tekanan ini yang menganggu pengajian
mahasiswi Kelantan sepanjang menuntut ilmu. Artikel ini
dimulakan dengan isu-isu yang diketengahkan kepada NAIM,
kemudiannya kajian literatur untuk mengenalpasti sama ada
tekanan yang serupa dialami juga oleh mahasiswa seluruh dunia
agar kepelbagaian solusi dapat dicadangkan. Kemudian, analisa
demografik mahasiswi Kelantan dijalankan dengan
menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Sebanyak 1,313 data dibekalkan oleh NAIM melalui kaedah soal
selidik atas talian pada Mac 2020 tapi hanya 1,029 data berkaitan
dengan mahasiswi Kelantan yang menuntut di peringkat Ijazah
Sarjana Muda di universiti awam seluruh Malaysia. Dapatan
kajian menunjukkan majoriti mahasiswi Kelantan menuntut di
UPSI dan UiTM, di negeri Perak dan Selangor, di semester
keenam, semester kedua, dan semester keempat dalam jurusan
pendidikan, bidang sains teknologi dan ekonomi kewangan.
Temubual dengan Yang Dipertua Persatuan Mahasiswa
Kelantan juga turut diadakan bagi menguatkan keputusan
demografik. Daripada 20 orang YDP yang dijemput untuk sesi
temubual ini, hanya 4 orang sahaja yang sudi untuk ditemubual.
Menurut YDP, masalah utama mahasiswi Kelantan ialah
masalah kewangan terutamanya melibatkan mahasiswi yang
menuntut ilmu di Lembah Klang. Mereka yang terpaksa
menetap di luar kampus dibebani kos sewa rumah, kos internet,
makanan dan pengangkutan yang tidak mampu ditampung
hanya dengan wang biasiswa yang mereka perolehi. YDP juga
mengaitkan masalah kewangan dengan masalah-masalah
mahasiswi banyak dihadapi oleh mereka yang berada di luar
kampus dengan isu keselamatan siswi luar kampus. Kajian ini
menyarankan agar Pusat Mahasiswa Kelantan yang
mengadaptasi model Malaysia Hall di luar negara dilaksanakan
di negeri-negeri yang berpendapatan tinggi seperti Lembah
Klang. Melalui kajian ini, diharapkan pelbagai pihak dapat
memahami bahawa permasalahan utama mahasiswi Kelantan
yang belajar di negeri lain adalah masalah kewangan. Bantuan
kewangan berbentuk PTPTN atau pun biasiswa tajaan kerajaan
negeri dilihat tidak mencukupi bagi mahasiswi Kelantan yang
terpaksa menyewa di luar kampus terutamanya di kawasan
seperti Lembah Klang.
Drafts by Ana Shakirah
Conference Presentations by Ana Shakirah
Books by Ana Shakirah
Conference 2021 (i-KEIZAC) is held under the auspices
of the Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah, Malaysia. This
e-proceeding aims to raise contemporary management
and Islamic Social Finance issues that specifically
discusses the link between the institution of zakat and its
the primary goal of poverty alleviation and addressing socio-economic issues. This publication is a compilation of
ninety papers discussing various ranging contemporary
issues in Islamic Social Finance and other relevant
topics. It discusses various issues such in line with the
theme “Innovation in Islamic Social Finance via Zakat
Transformation Agenda”.
This e-proceeding is published in conjunction with the
2nd Kedah International zakat Conference that held
every two years consecutively. We would also like to
congratulate the editors of this e-proceeding for their
effort in producing this publication.
Thank you.
FOREWORD
SYEIKH ZAKARIA BIN OTHMAN, AMK
Chief Executive Officer
Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah
Kedah Darul Aman
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.
semakin meningkat dari hari ke hari kerana mereka perlu tampil segar dan menarik
ketika bertugas atau bersosial di luar rumah. Tujuan kertas penyelidikan ini ialah
untuk mengkaji tahap pengetahuan kosmetik halal dengan mengadaptasikan
kerangka literasi kewangan yang diperkenalkan oleh OECD dalam menilai hubungan
antara faktor-faktor demografik pelajar pascasiswazah beragama Islam yang
mengikuti pengajian Sarjana dan Doktor Falsafah bagi sesi 2019 / 2020 seperti
jantina, umur, latar belakang pengajian, penaja pendidikan dan taraf perkahwinan.
Soal selidik dijalankan menggunakan teknik ‘Convenience Sampling’ secara atas
talian kepada semua mahasiswa yang sedang menuntut ilmu di 14 fakulti dan dua
akademi pengajian di Universiti Malaya. Hasilnya, daripada 300 soal selidik yang
berjaya dikumpulkan, hanya 106 data yang sah dan dapat digunakan untuk analisa
seterusnya. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah silang tabulasi untuk mendedahkan
corak dan trend pelajar pascasiswazah serta pengetahuan kosmetik halal,
menggunakan ‘Mann-Whitney Test’ dan ‘Kruskal-Wallis Test’ untuk menguji
hipotesis kajian. Ujian kolerasi pula dilaksanakan bagi mengenalpasti faktor
demografik yang mempunyai hubungkait dengan pengetahuan kosmetik halal. Silang
tabulasi berjaya mendedahkan corak atau trend pelajar pascasiswazah yang berusia
26-30 tahun dan masih bujang yang paling ketara mendapat skor pengetahuan
kosmetik halal yang tinggi. Ia dilihat seiring dengan laporan pengkaji lepas yang
mengatakan bahawa kelompok usia 27 tahun memiliki kuasa memilih dan membeli
produk kosmetik yang mereka sukai. Tetapi ujian hipotesis menunjukkan sebaliknya,
apabila dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar pascasiswazah lelaki, yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian Islam dan sudah berumahtangga yang lebih memiliki
tahap pengetahuan kosmetik halal yang tinggi. Manakala, ujian kolerasi
menunjukkan kekuatan kolerasi yang lemah antara faktor demografik dan
pengetahuan kosmetik halal, tapi umur dan taraf perkahwinan menunjukkan arah positif dengan nilai signifikan <0.05. Latar belakang pengajian pelajar pascasiswazah
menunjukkan arah negatif memberi isyarat bahawa pelajar pascasiswazah yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian Islam dari Timur Tengah menguasai pengetahuan
kosmetik halal. Secara keseluruhan, limitasi kajian berlingkar dalam menerangkan
ralat dalam merekabentuk instrumen kajian dan ralat pensampelan yang sepatutnya
menggunakan ‘Purposive Sampling’. Namun begitu, kajian ini dapat menyediakan
informasi berguna tentang bagaimana kerangka literasi kewangan OECD dapat
diadaptasikan dalam kajian kosmetik halal. Perkaitan antara kedua-duanya ialah
pembelian dan penggunaan kosmetik halal juga melibatkan wang pengguna.
Sekiranya pengguna produk kosmetik halal terdiri daripada mereka yang tergolong
dalam kumpulan yang amat terdedah dengan risiko kesempitan wang, maka
pembelian kosmetik halal dianggap satu bentuk pembaziran. Kajian ini juga berjaya
mendedahkan corak pemahaman dan pengamalan pelajar pascasiswazah yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian dari Timur Tengah di mana rata-rata mereka lebih
gemar mengamalkan produk kosmetik yang pernah digunakan oleh Rasulullah
S.A.W. dalam penjagaan dan perapian diri.
berdasarkan dengan laporan Ikatan Mahasiswa Darul Naim
(NAIM), organisasi mahasiswa yang menjadi nadi pelajar
Kelantan bahawa kebanyakan mahasiswi Kelantan di seluruh
negara sering mengadu mempunyai masalah berkaitan dengan
kewangan. Faktor-faktor tekanan lain yang diadukan oleh
mahasiswi Kelantan ialah kegagalan mendapat penempatan di
kolej kediaman. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami
punca utama terhadap tekanan ini yang menganggu pengajian
mahasiswi Kelantan sepanjang menuntut ilmu. Artikel ini
dimulakan dengan isu-isu yang diketengahkan kepada NAIM,
kemudiannya kajian literatur untuk mengenalpasti sama ada
tekanan yang serupa dialami juga oleh mahasiswa seluruh dunia
agar kepelbagaian solusi dapat dicadangkan. Kemudian, analisa
demografik mahasiswi Kelantan dijalankan dengan
menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Sebanyak 1,313 data dibekalkan oleh NAIM melalui kaedah soal
selidik atas talian pada Mac 2020 tapi hanya 1,029 data berkaitan
dengan mahasiswi Kelantan yang menuntut di peringkat Ijazah
Sarjana Muda di universiti awam seluruh Malaysia. Dapatan
kajian menunjukkan majoriti mahasiswi Kelantan menuntut di
UPSI dan UiTM, di negeri Perak dan Selangor, di semester
keenam, semester kedua, dan semester keempat dalam jurusan
pendidikan, bidang sains teknologi dan ekonomi kewangan.
Temubual dengan Yang Dipertua Persatuan Mahasiswa
Kelantan juga turut diadakan bagi menguatkan keputusan
demografik. Daripada 20 orang YDP yang dijemput untuk sesi
temubual ini, hanya 4 orang sahaja yang sudi untuk ditemubual.
Menurut YDP, masalah utama mahasiswi Kelantan ialah
masalah kewangan terutamanya melibatkan mahasiswi yang
menuntut ilmu di Lembah Klang. Mereka yang terpaksa
menetap di luar kampus dibebani kos sewa rumah, kos internet,
makanan dan pengangkutan yang tidak mampu ditampung
hanya dengan wang biasiswa yang mereka perolehi. YDP juga
mengaitkan masalah kewangan dengan masalah-masalah
mahasiswi banyak dihadapi oleh mereka yang berada di luar
kampus dengan isu keselamatan siswi luar kampus. Kajian ini
menyarankan agar Pusat Mahasiswa Kelantan yang
mengadaptasi model Malaysia Hall di luar negara dilaksanakan
di negeri-negeri yang berpendapatan tinggi seperti Lembah
Klang. Melalui kajian ini, diharapkan pelbagai pihak dapat
memahami bahawa permasalahan utama mahasiswi Kelantan
yang belajar di negeri lain adalah masalah kewangan. Bantuan
kewangan berbentuk PTPTN atau pun biasiswa tajaan kerajaan
negeri dilihat tidak mencukupi bagi mahasiswi Kelantan yang
terpaksa menyewa di luar kampus terutamanya di kawasan
seperti Lembah Klang.
Conference 2021 (i-KEIZAC) is held under the auspices
of the Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah, Malaysia. This
e-proceeding aims to raise contemporary management
and Islamic Social Finance issues that specifically
discusses the link between the institution of zakat and its
the primary goal of poverty alleviation and addressing socio-economic issues. This publication is a compilation of
ninety papers discussing various ranging contemporary
issues in Islamic Social Finance and other relevant
topics. It discusses various issues such in line with the
theme “Innovation in Islamic Social Finance via Zakat
Transformation Agenda”.
This e-proceeding is published in conjunction with the
2nd Kedah International zakat Conference that held
every two years consecutively. We would also like to
congratulate the editors of this e-proceeding for their
effort in producing this publication.
Thank you.
FOREWORD
SYEIKH ZAKARIA BIN OTHMAN, AMK
Chief Executive Officer
Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah
Kedah Darul Aman
Subject area of research: Islamic Economy, Islamic Social Finance, Islamic Banking
Keywords: Women, zakat, banking deposit.