ELECTONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGG.

The polycarbazole films deposited by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique exhibit a decrease in resistance on exposure to NH 3 , which is exactly opposite to the usual response (i.e. increase in resistance) observed for p-type conducting polymers. We have investigated the mechanism of this uncharacteristic NH 3 sensing behavior of polycarbazole LB films by carrying out in situ Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. The results are compared with electropolymerized (EP) films. It is shown that EP film is p-doped, which gets reduced by interacting with NH 3 , and as a result, its resistance increases. On the other hand, LB film is found to be intrinsically undoped. Interaction with NH 3 makes LB film n-doped, which results in a decrease of its resistance. The n-doping of LB film has independently been confirmed by electrochemical reduction process.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of alcohol and nicotine consumption on the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rats after laser-photocoagulation. Confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated an increase in CNV complex size in rats fed with alcohol (2.3-fold), nicotine (1.9-fold), and the combination of alcohol and nicotine (2.7-fold) compared with the control groups.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that alcohol and nicotine consumption increased MAC deposition and VEGF expression in laser spots. Expression of CD59 by RT-PCR and Western blot was drastically reduced in the animals that were fed with alcohol, nicotine and alcohol and nicotine compared to those fed with water alone and this was associated with exacerbation of CNV.

The objective of the present study was to inhibit experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) by establishing antigen specific immune tolerance in animals pre-sensitized with melanin associated antigen (MAA). Intravenous administration of MAA on day 6, 7, 8 and 9 postimmunization induced tolerance and inhibited EAAU in all Lewis rats. Number of cells (total T cells, CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells) undergoing apoptosis dramatically increased in the popliteal lymph nodes (LNs) of the tolerized animals compared to non-tolerized animals. Additionally, FasL, TNFR1 and caspase-8 were upregulated in tolerized rats. Proliferation of total lymphocytes, CD4 + T cells and CD8+ T cells (harvested from the popliteal LNs) in response to antigenic stimulation was drastically reduced in the state of tolerance compared to the cells from nontolerized animals. Level of IFN-γ and IL-2 decreased while TGF-β2 was elevated in the state of tolerance. Furthermore, the number of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs increased in the popliteal LNs of tolerized animals compared to non-tolerized animals. In conclusion, our results suggest that deletion of antigen specific T cells via apoptosis and active suppression mediated by Tregs plays an important role in the induction of antigen specific immune tolerance in animals with an established immune response against MAA.

The anchoring mechanism of N719 dye molecules on oxalic acid treated TiO 2 (OA-TiO 2) electrodes has been investigated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FTIR spectroscopy of OA-TiO 2 electrodes revealed that the oxalic acid dissociates at the TiO 2 surface and binds through bidentate chelating and/or bidentate bridging. Analyses of EXAFS, FTIR, UV-Vis and XPS measurements of N719 dye loaded onto OA-TiO 2 revealed that the binding of N719 molecules takes place via interaction between Ru atom of the dye and Oof bidentate bridged oxalate ions at TiO 2 surface. This mechanism is quite different to the binding of N719 onto untreated TiO 2 (WO-TiO 2) surface, where-COOH and SCN groups of the dye directly bind to TiO 2 surface. The analyses of UV-Vis data show that the amount of N719 dye loading is much higher onto OA-TiO 2 surface as compared to the native TiO 2 surface. In addition, the incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements show that presence of oxalate ions between dye and TiO 2 surface favors efficient electron transfer, and therefore, improvement in device efficiency. The dye sensitized solar cells fabricated using N719 dye sensitized onto OA-TiO 2 showed an efficiency of ~4.6%, which is significantly higher than that based on WO-TiO 2 electrode (~3.2%).

In this paper we introduce and study a new class of generalized closed sets called, Dβ-closed sets, which are the generalization of Dα-closed sets defined in O.R. Sayed, A.M. Khalil, Some applications of Dα-closed sets in topological spaces, 3(2016), 26–34 [25], pre∗-closed set defined in T.Selvi, A. Punitha Dharani, Some new class of nearly closed and open sets, Asian Jour. of current engineering and maths, 5(2012), 305-307 [26] and semi∗-closed sets defined in A. Robert, S. Pious Missier, On semi∗-closed sets, Asian journal of current engineering and maths, 4(2012), 173–176 [23]. We establish the relationship of Dβ-closed sets with some already existing generalized closed sets. We define Dβ-continuous and Dβ-irresolute functions and obtain their basic properties. AMS subject classification: Primary 54A05, 54C05, 54C08; Secondary 54C10, 54D10, 54C99.

The objective of the present study was to inhibit experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) by establishing antigen specific immune tolerance in animals pre-sensitized with melanin associated antigen (MAA). Intravenous administration of MAA on day 6, 7, 8 and 9 post-immunization induced tolerance and inhibited EAAU in all Lewis rats. Number of cells (total T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells) undergoing apoptosis dramatically increased in the popliteal lymph nodes (LNs) of the tolerized animals compared to non-tolerized animals. Additionally, FasL, TNFR1 and caspase-8 were upregulated in tolerized rats. Proliferation of total lymphocytes, CD4+T cells and CD8+ T cells (harvested from the popliteal LNs) in response to antigenic stimulation was drastically reduced in the state of tolerance compared to the cells from non-tolerized animals. Level of IFN-γ and IL-2 decreased while TGF-β2 was elevated in the state of tolerance. Furthermore, the number of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs incr...

Rubber tire is a vital term relate to an enhancer of human lifestyles' immense motion in modern superfast hectic technological era with its diverse usage at every domestic field. Automation incorporated with mechanical wheels paves a new path to achieve success towards several impossible missions. Now-a-days, development of civilization becomes enrich with modern technology and based on wings of wheel. Implementation of semi-automatic or manual techniques replacing with fully automation approach of machineries will be enhanced the product quality and quantity of concerned industry. This informative paper designates an enhanced survey on procedure of manufacturing green tires in a local reputed rubber industry for industry institute collaborative activity facets along with existing machinery details.

Utilization of different wasted materials for the development of microstrip antenna segment has been rapid due to the recent miniaturization of wireless devices. In this paper, we have simulated a coaxial fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna for all those communication systems whose limited antenna size is premium. Low permittivity polyolefin has been used as substrate to achieve wide bandwidth. The Polyolefin can be collected form wastes of pipes, cables which will be a step towards recycling of unused pipes, cables etc. The simulation of this proposed antenna has been performed by using IE3D software, which is the first SCALABLE EM design and verification platform that delivers the modeling accuracy for the combined needs of high-frequency circuit design and signal integrity engineers across multiple design domains. This research will therefore contribute to a new generation of with extensive functionalities.

The aim of this research article is show how the suspension property and compressive strength of clay grouting materials of coal mine gob is improved by using various raw materials in correct composition and ratio. Based on the ratio of raw materials (water-solid ratio) effective results can be drawn which provides the increasing and decreasing property of drainage rate and concretion rate. The experimental result shows that when water-solid ratio is increased, the drainage rate of clay grout is increased but concretion rate is decreased. The drainage rate of clay and compressive strength both are increased by adding cement and lime. The concretion rate is also shortened by adding cement and lime. When lime dosage is 6% and cement dosage is 12%, compressive strength of clay- cement-lime grouts reaches the peak and the compressive strength is well developed.

The guided filter is derived from a local linear model. It computes the filtering output by considering the content of a guidance image (self-image or reference image). The guided filter can be used as an edge-preserving smoothing operator that behaves better near edges. It can transfer the structures of the guidance image to the filtering output, enabling new filtering applications like dehazing and guided feathering. Moreover, the guided filter naturally has a fast and non-approximate linear time algorithm, regardless of the kernel size and the intensity range. Regularization parameter (ϵ) is one of the two important factors which determines the characteristics of the guided image applied to the input image i.e. it helps to perceive the degree of the edges of an image. In this paper, we will observe the effect of the regularization parameter on a guided filtered image.

In many ESL classes across the globe, English pronunciation is still not given enough attention. One of the primary reasons why it is overlooked is because there arent many pronunciation techniques accessible to instructors in the context of the school setting. The purpose of this research is to identify the problems in English pronunciation that learners experience as a result of the presence of Mother Tongue (MT) interference in their speech. In this article, the survey technique was used to gather information from a variety of sources, including interviews, personal conversations over the phone, and meetings. The report also included suggestions and recommendations for reducing the pronunciation difficulties that ESL learners encounter. There were a total of 102 samples gathered through Google forms in India. The findings of the study are discussed in detail in the interpretation.