Oral medicine and Radiology

The present report describes a case of peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma in a 34-year-old male patient. Gingival overgrowth can be considered as peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma most often affects the gingiva. It is a reactive lesion that grows slowly. It is a benign tumor that enlarges significantly and eventually causes the teeth to migrate pathologically. It usually happens after a gingival irritation or injury. These lesions are said to arise from the PDL fibers, excision of these lesions along with the periosteum is very important to avoid recurrence. The recurrence rate of peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma has been reported to be 8-20%, so a close postoperative follow-up is required. Confusion pertains to diagnosing PCOF only on clinical examination, histopathologic confirmation is necessary to arrive at an accurate diagnosis of PCOF. Complete surgical excision of the lesion including the periosteum is mandatory as the recurrence rate is high.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating disorder that presents with a sudden onset of severe, unilateral, paroxysmal, and lancinating pain in one or more of the distributions of the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia affects the trigeminal nerve, fifth most developed and extensive cranial nerve, with a broad distribution territory. Its name - “trigeminal” - is derived from the fact that each nerve, one on each side of the pons, has three major branches: the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2) and the mandibular nerve (V3). The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are purely sensory. The mandibular nerve has both sensory and motor functions.[1] It is a mixed nerve conducting sensitive and motor somatic fibers to the face, and is ideally responsible for all its sensitive innervation (touch, pain, temperature
and propioception) together with the motor innervation of the mastication apparatus. Though it has been known by various names in the literature such as tic douloureux, trifacial neuralgia, fothergill’s disease (named after john fothergill), the currently accepted terminology is trigeminal neuralgia.[2]

Pleomorphic adenoma occurs most frequently in the major salivary glands, about 63% arises in the supercial lobe of parotid gland. More common involvement is right side than left side and female to male ratio is 2:1. Its incidence is rare in children and young adults and occurs during fourth to sixth decades of life. It has a high rate of recurrence and chances of malignant transformation. These feature of pleomorphic adenoma entail their accurate diagnosis and suitable management. We present one such case of pleomorphic adenoma 1,2 diagnosed early in a young patient. Case Report : A 11 year old male patient accompanied by parent came to the out patient department with a chief c/o a swelling in his right side of the face since 1 year. History revealed that the painless swelling on the right pre-auricular region of one year duration, followed by which the patient presented to the hospital due to concern for gradual increase in size of swelling. Patient experiences mild pain while mastication and swallowing.

The oral cavity is harboured by many microorganisms which is in contact with various external substances like food, drinks, medications, alcohol, nicotine substances. Since the oral cavity is delicate, it has a tendency to get alter morphologically and biologically by these substances. The process of alteration is initiated by the events of metabolic activities followed by free radical oxidants formation. It is necessary to focus on the maintenance of oxidants and antioxidants balance since disruption of balance may lead to disease progression. Oral potentially malignant disorders and ulcerative lesions burdens the patients with severe symptoms and fear of malignant potential. In the dental field, the use of antioxidants becoming more frequent in these conditions. The properties of antioxidants have been studied based on mechanism, control of disease progression, and protection of oral mucosa. This article focuses on the relation between free radical formation and oral disease progression, the role of antioxidants for the disease management specifically.

Odontomas are the hamartomatous lesions composed of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue. They are slow-growing, benign tumours showing nonaggressive behaviour. Usually asymptomatic and are often discovered during routine radiography. We report a rare case of compound complex odontoma in mandible in an adult patient with clinical, radiological, histological features and treated surgically, with its review of the literature.

Background in a single image, including the teeth, upper and lower jaws, surrounding structures and tissues. The study was conducted to report the various findings on panoramic r data. Materials and Method in Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital during the period August 2016 to It included panoramic radiographs of 2000 patient images obtained for various reasons. Patient's information such as name, age, gender, indication of OPG was recorded diagnostic value and faulty were excluded from the study. All images were taken with single digital Sirona OPG machine and were statistically analysed with Chi square test using SPSS software version 22.0. Results: radiographs are periodontitis with 21.05%, impacted mandibular 3 periapical abscess with 8.30 %, impacted mandibular 3 with 5.60% , styloid el with 5% , root dilacerations with 4.45%, TMJ degeneration with 3.40% and maxillary 3 unilaterally with 3.35%. Out of 2000 radiographs, incidental findings were seen in with 48.65%. The most common incidental findings are periodontitis 25.28%, pulp stone 22.30%, impacted mandibular 3 10.27%, impacted mandibular molar unilateral 10.07 9.45%, impacted maxillary molars bilaterally 7.39%, styloid elongation bilateral 4.93%, calcified carotid arteries 4.93%, Odontomes 4.32%, impacted maxillary molars unilateral 4.01%, styloid elongation un maxillary sinus thickening of 1.54%, external root resorption and other impacted teeth with 1.43%, supernumerary impacted teeth 1.33%, macrodontia and maxillary canine impacti mandibular canine impaction 1.13%, and antrolith with 0.61% and internal root resorption with 0.20%. Conclusion: fractures, impacted teeth, full mouth rehabi advantage is incidental findings which may remain undetected if radiographer does not concentrates on keen interpretation.

Morsicatio buccarum and labiorum is a form of chronic oral mucosa disease caused by habitual cheek or lip biting. The affected mucosa shows a shredded appearance, usually bilateral, although sometimes they are limited to one location, depending on the parafunctional habits of the patient. It is often confused with other dermatological disorders involving the oral mucosa, which can lead to a misdiagnosis. Herein, we report two cases of morsicatio buccarum and other one morsicatio linguarum.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a new
technology for performing high-resolution cross sectional
imaging. OCT is analogous to ultrasound imaging, except
that it uses light instead of sound. OCT can provide cross
sectional images of tissue structure on the micron scale in
situ and in real time. It is based on low coherence
interferometry, employs near infrared light (long
wavelength) which penetrates into the scattering media
(e.g.: oral tissues) and capture sub-micrometer resolution.
This paper reviews the understanding of the OCT, its
basics, systems & setup, uses, limitations with the focus of
it as a diagnostic imaging tool for oral lesions

Trisomy 21 (47,XY, +21 or 47,XX, +21) is the most common aneuploid condition compatible with survival at term. This trisomy causes Down syndrome (DS), a phenotype that was originally described by John Langdon Down in 1865. An incidence of 1 in 600 to 1000 live births in all races and economic groups. Approximately 95% of all cases of Down syndrome result from nondisjunction. Although the syndrome occurs in offspring of mothers of all ages, the risk increases with increasing maternal age. The present article discusses a case report of 12 year old girl patient with the classical features of Down syndrome.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a higher risk precancerous condition characterized by changes in the connective tissue fibers of the lamina propria and deeper parts leading to stiffness of the mucosa and restricted mouth opening. Patients have marked difficulties in chewing, swallowing and speaking. It largely occurs in Indians and other population of the Indian subcontinent with certain oral habits. In patients with submucous fibrosis, the oral epithelium becomes atrophic and thereby becomes more unguarded to carcinogens. It is currently accepted that chewing areca is the main etiological factor for developing OSF. The atrophic epithelium shows first an intercellular edema and later epithelial atypia associated with moderate epithelial hyperplasia. From then on, carcinoma may develop any time. It is suggested that submucous fibrosis should be regarded as a condition that causes predisposition to the development of oral cancer. Here we are presenting a case of oral submucous fibrosis showing malignant potential and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Keywords: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Oral sub mucous fibrosis, Areca Nut, Malignant potential

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure on palpable and nonpalpable lesions guided with radiologic methods. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), a rare but the most common primary malignant tumor of salivary glands. Low grade MEC needs to be distinguished from benign lesions of the salivary gland and may cause false negative results. High grade MEC may resemble squamaous cell carcinoma especially in cases with dense cystic component. Herein, we report a case of cytologically diagnosed and histologically confirmed MEC; in order to impress the importance and the effect of FNAB in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.

The author's state that they adhere with COPE guidelines on publishing ethics as described elsewhere at https://publicationethics.org/. The authors also undertake that they are not associated with any other third party (governmental or non-governmental agencies) linking with any form of unethical issues connecting to this publication. The authors also declare that they are not withholding any information that is misleading to the publisher in regard to this article.