Papers by Peter Gärdenfors
International Studies in The Philosophy of Science, 2017
Frontiers in Psychology, 2020
Reinforcement learning systems usually assume that a value function is defined over all states (o... more Reinforcement learning systems usually assume that a value function is defined over all states (or state-action pairs) that can immediately give the value of a particular state or action. These values are used by a selection mechanism to decide which action to take. In contrast, when humans and animals make decisions, they collect evidence for different alternatives over time and take action only when sufficient evidence has been accumulated. We have previously developed a model of memory processing that includes semantic, episodic and working memory in a comprehensive architecture. Here, we describe how this memory mechanism can support decision making when the alternatives cannot be evaluated based on immediate sensory information alone. Instead we first imagine, and then evaluate a possible future that will result from choosing one of the alternatives. Here we present an extended model that can be used as a model for decision making that depends on accumulating evidence over time...
Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 2018
We introduce a memory model for robots that can account for many aspects of an inner world, rangi... more We introduce a memory model for robots that can account for many aspects of an inner world, ranging from object permanence, episodic memory, and planning to imagination and reveries. It is modeled after neurophysiological data and includes parts of the cerebral cortex together with models of arousal systems that are relevant for consciousness. The three central components are an identification network, a localization network, and a working memory network. Attention serves as the interface between the inner and the external world. It directs the flow of information from sensory organs to memory, as well as controlling top-down influences on perception. It also compares external sensations to internal top-down expectations. The model is tested in a number of computer simulations that illustrate how it can operate as a component in various cognitive tasks including perception, the A-not-B test, delayed matching to sample, episodic recall, and vicarious trial and error.
Fluminensia, 2021
We investigate a particular subclass of semantic features associated with demonstratives of quant... more We investigate a particular subclass of semantic features associated with demonstratives of quantity and quality, and the respective interrogatives. We explore these lexical elements as they behave linguistically in simile constructions in Croatian. We show that the semantic features that can be focused on in similes are the same as the references of the full system of Croatian demonstratives. However, the possibility to focus on a particular semantic feature by a specific choice of demonstrative or interrogative in simile constructions is being replaced in usage by the generic simile word 'kao'.
Nar vi jamfor manniskan med andra djur, letar vi garna efter sardrag som gor henne unik. Hur Homo... more Nar vi jamfor manniskan med andra djur, letar vi garna efter sardrag som gor henne unik. Hur Homo blev sapiens lyfter fram manniskans alldeles speciella formaga att tanka och att skaffa sig kunskap om varlden. Under manniskans langa utveckling blir tankandet gradvis alltmer avancerat. Gardenfors vagleder oss genom hjarnans och tankeformagornas vindlande tillblivelse, och visar hur manniskans inre varld blir allt rikare. Denna utveckling har gett oss en forestallningsformaga som vida overskrider andra djurs. Vara nara slaktingar bland aporna kan visserligen planera, men det ar bara manniskor som kan planera for framtiden, vilket ger oss andra anvandbara formagor, som att kunna bedra – en raffinerad form av planering som dessutom kraver att man kan forestalla sig andras tankar. Vi ar ocksa ensamma om kunna reflektera over vara egna tankar. Det ger oss ett sjalvmedvetande, vilket ar forutsattningen for den fria viljan, da den kraver att man forstar sin egen vilja och kan andra den. Vart sprak, som ar mycket rikare an djurens signaler, ar ocksa unikt for oss. Genom det far vi formagan att kommunicera om vara inre varldar. (Less)
De Gruyter eBooks, Jun 8, 2015
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Mar 25, 1988
1. Introduction: Bayesian decision theory - foundations and problems Peter Gardenfors, and Nils-E... more 1. Introduction: Bayesian decision theory - foundations and problems Peter Gardenfors, and Nils-Eric Sahlin Part I. Foundations of Bayesian Decision Theory: 2. Truth and probability Frank P. Ramsey 3. Individual decision making under uncertainty R. Duncan Luce, and Howard Raiffa 4. The sure-thing principle Leonard J. Savage 5. Probable knowledge Richard C. Jeffrey Part II. Conceptualization of Probability and Utility: Introduction: 6. Bets and beliefs Henry E. Kyburg 7. Slightly more realistic personal probability Ian Hacking 8. Risk aversion as a problem of conjoint measurement Bengt Hansson Part III. Questionable Rule of Rationality: Introduction: 9. Allais' paradox Leonard J. Savage 10. Sure-thing doubts Edward F. McClennen 11. Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk Daniel Kahneman, and Amos Tversky 12. Generalized expected utility analysis and the nature of observed violations of the independence axiom Mark Machina Part IV. Unreliable Probabilities: Introduction: 13. Risk, ambiguity, and the Savage axioms Daniel Ellsberg 14. Self-knowledge, uncertainty, and choice Frederic Schick 15. On indeterminate probabilities Isaac Levi 16. Unreliable probabilities, risk taking, and decision making Peter Gardenfors, and Nils-Eric Sahlin Part V. Causal Decision Theory: Introduction: 17. Counterfactuals and two kinds of expected utility Allan Gibbard, and William L. Harper 18. Causal decision theory David Lewis 19. Ratifiability and stability Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz.
Frontiers in Psychology, Dec 10, 2020
Language & Communication, Sep 1, 2021
Donald proposes that early Homo evolved mimesis as a new form of cognition. This article investig... more Donald proposes that early Homo evolved mimesis as a new form of cognition. This article investigates the mimesis hypothesis in relation to the evolution of teaching. The fundamental capacities that distinguish hominin teaching from that of other animals are demonstration and pantomime. A conceptual analysis of the instructional and communicative functions of demonstration and pantomime is presented. Archaeological evidence that demonstration was used for transmitting the Oldowan technology is summarized. It is argued that pantomime develops out of demonstration so that the primary objective of pantomime is that the onlooker learns the motoric patterns shown in the pantomime. The communicative use of pantomime is judged to be secondary. This use of pantomime is also contrasted with other forms of gestures. A key feature of the analysis is that the meaning of a pantomime is characterized by the force patterns of the movements. These force patterns form the core of a model of the cognitive mechanism behind pantomime. Finally, the role of pantomime in the evolution of language is also discussed.
University of Pittsburgh Press eBooks, Sep 7, 2017
... Auteur : GARDENFORS Peter. Prix indicatif 34,50 €. Disponible chez l'éditeur (délai d&#x... more ... Auteur : GARDENFORS Peter. Prix indicatif 34,50 €. Disponible chez l'éditeur (délai d'approvisionnement : 10 jours). Ajouter au panier Ajouter au panier le livre de GARDENFORSPeter. Date de parution : 10-2003 Langue : ANGLAIS 200p. 23.4x15.6 Hardback. ...
Journal of the Operational Research Society, Feb 1, 1989
Social Science Research Network, 2021
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Papers by Peter Gärdenfors