Anis Chaaya
Anis Chaaya is a Professor in Archaeology and a Cultural Heritage specialist. Professor Chaaya is coordinator of Masters and the research units in Arts & Archaeology at the Lebanese University. He is also the coordinator of the rehabilitation of all the courses and syllabi of the academic programs of BA and MA in Archaeology at the Lebanese University (2019-2020), and General Coordinator of Equivalency Committees at the Faculty of Letters and Humanities - Lebanese University. Member of the jury in the Journal of ‘‘University Studies in Literature and Humanities’’ by the Lebanese University and in the Journal ‘‘Theory and History of Architecture’’ by the Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning (НИИТИАГ), Moscow, Russia.
Treasurer and Member of the Executive Board of ICOMOS-Lebanon (International Council of Monuments and Sites). Director of the Archaeological Expedition of the Lebanese University to the Castle of Jbeil/Byblos. Holds a Doctorate in Languages, History, Civilizations of Ancient Worlds and Archaeology from the University of Lumière – Lyon 2, France. The dissertation concerns the study of various aspects from the medieval period including Poliorcetics, Building Archaeology and its analysis, military and religious architecture, urban study, caves settlements, construction materials, archaeological surveys in coastal and mountain areas, geographical history, and archaeological landscape. A member of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) since 1999. Was a member of the UNESCO Central team for Monitoring "The project of Archaeological excavations of Downtown Beirut" (1993-1996) and former Officer-in-Charge of the District of North-Lebanon at the General Directorate of Antiquities of Lebanon (1996-1999). Served as consultant of the Minister of Culture for the Archaeological Excavations in Beirut Central District (2011). Prepared the management plan and carried out the classification of the « Holy Valley of Qadisha and the Forest of the Cedars of God » on the List of UNESCO World Heritage (Reference 850 in 1998). Served as Specialist Consultant in the projects of World Bank for the sites of Baalbeck, Tyre and Tripoli Castle in Lebanon; and of European Union in Tebneen Castle, Rehabilitation of Qadisha Valley sites and trails. Served as Specialist Consultant in different conservation projects : the “Land of Frankincense Museum” in the city of Salalah - Dhofar Region - Sultanate of Oman (2005); Historical city of Hael in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2005); city of Palmyra - Syria (2006).
Treasurer and Member of the Executive Board of ICOMOS-Lebanon (International Council of Monuments and Sites). Director of the Archaeological Expedition of the Lebanese University to the Castle of Jbeil/Byblos. Holds a Doctorate in Languages, History, Civilizations of Ancient Worlds and Archaeology from the University of Lumière – Lyon 2, France. The dissertation concerns the study of various aspects from the medieval period including Poliorcetics, Building Archaeology and its analysis, military and religious architecture, urban study, caves settlements, construction materials, archaeological surveys in coastal and mountain areas, geographical history, and archaeological landscape. A member of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) since 1999. Was a member of the UNESCO Central team for Monitoring "The project of Archaeological excavations of Downtown Beirut" (1993-1996) and former Officer-in-Charge of the District of North-Lebanon at the General Directorate of Antiquities of Lebanon (1996-1999). Served as consultant of the Minister of Culture for the Archaeological Excavations in Beirut Central District (2011). Prepared the management plan and carried out the classification of the « Holy Valley of Qadisha and the Forest of the Cedars of God » on the List of UNESCO World Heritage (Reference 850 in 1998). Served as Specialist Consultant in the projects of World Bank for the sites of Baalbeck, Tyre and Tripoli Castle in Lebanon; and of European Union in Tebneen Castle, Rehabilitation of Qadisha Valley sites and trails. Served as Specialist Consultant in different conservation projects : the “Land of Frankincense Museum” in the city of Salalah - Dhofar Region - Sultanate of Oman (2005); Historical city of Hael in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2005); city of Palmyra - Syria (2006).
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undertaken by the Archaeological Mission of the Lebanese University to the castle of Gbail.
fortress acted as a military observation post, controlling the settlements and sites of the inner countryside.
historical and archaeological sites. Carved out by the Qadisha River in a deep gorge, the valley is an oasis of peace, serenity, and spirituality for many. It has sheltered Christian monastic communities for
centuries. The Qadisha Valley is an important area for early Christian monastic movements that have been coming to live and pray there since the fifth century AD, mainly the Maronite Church between the fifteenth
and nineteenth centuries. In 1998, the valley was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a cultural landscape.
between the Chalcolithic and the Late Roman period.
with a notice one its Wall paintings.
The study of Deir es-Salib, a major site of the Qadisha valley, allows us to set the outlines of occupation modes of a region of Mount Lebanon by cultual sites. The structural analysis made it possible to understand the spatial organization and the components of the monastery and the evolution of the church construction. The observation of various techniques and materials used in the ancient building helped define the intervention methods. Thus, the restoration of the north wall of the church was conducted with mud bricks manufactured in the same way. After securing sealing of the wall by layers of clay plaster and hydraulic lime, the foundations and the extrados of the two apses were strengthened. This study set point on stylistic analysis of the Wall Paintings of Deir es-Salib allowing to identify a summary of influences identified, dating of the wall paintings and define the different states of development of the site.
The article discuss furthermore the establishment of the Franks in the Latin East with the network of their fortresses in Lebanon: northern part belonging to the County of Tripoli and the southern part belonged to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
A detailed study is given of the castles of Jbeil / Giblet, Anfeh and Tripoli.
undertaken by the Archaeological Mission of the Lebanese University to the castle of Gbail.
fortress acted as a military observation post, controlling the settlements and sites of the inner countryside.
historical and archaeological sites. Carved out by the Qadisha River in a deep gorge, the valley is an oasis of peace, serenity, and spirituality for many. It has sheltered Christian monastic communities for
centuries. The Qadisha Valley is an important area for early Christian monastic movements that have been coming to live and pray there since the fifth century AD, mainly the Maronite Church between the fifteenth
and nineteenth centuries. In 1998, the valley was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a cultural landscape.
between the Chalcolithic and the Late Roman period.
with a notice one its Wall paintings.
The study of Deir es-Salib, a major site of the Qadisha valley, allows us to set the outlines of occupation modes of a region of Mount Lebanon by cultual sites. The structural analysis made it possible to understand the spatial organization and the components of the monastery and the evolution of the church construction. The observation of various techniques and materials used in the ancient building helped define the intervention methods. Thus, the restoration of the north wall of the church was conducted with mud bricks manufactured in the same way. After securing sealing of the wall by layers of clay plaster and hydraulic lime, the foundations and the extrados of the two apses were strengthened. This study set point on stylistic analysis of the Wall Paintings of Deir es-Salib allowing to identify a summary of influences identified, dating of the wall paintings and define the different states of development of the site.
The article discuss furthermore the establishment of the Franks in the Latin East with the network of their fortresses in Lebanon: northern part belonging to the County of Tripoli and the southern part belonged to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
A detailed study is given of the castles of Jbeil / Giblet, Anfeh and Tripoli.
By the end of the first half of the 7th century, the Arab conquest created chaos in the Levant and caused major political, economic and social impacts on the population of the region. The nascent Arab State was built progressively through copying and borrowing numerous elements from the Byzantine Culture. Despite conflicts and warfare, the Umayyad Caliphate maintained an active economic development through following the byzantine models in different aspects.
Several Umayyad cities built ex nihilo reveal several architectural witnesses of the presence of byzantine builders and craftsmen responsible for a continuation of old urbanistic traditions and architectural techniques. Numerous religious, civil and military monuments reveal numerous elements and components which are inspired by byzantine techniques and architecture. Major resemblances are easily detected in palaces and castles.
Moreover, sculpture and other artistic elements reveal the influence of byzantine art. Despite some interdictions of the Islam religion toward arts, different artistic elements show the valuable influence of byzantine art on sculptures and wall paintings during this period. Several elements show the development of an advanced art which originated and drew inspiration from the Byzantine world and culture. Different aspects of architecture and artistic components denote a lifestyle influenced by Byzantine culture. Mosaics, wall paintings and sculptures show such harmony and are so well balanced as though they are a compilation and completion of the byzantine art, borrowed and adopted by the Umayyad’s.
Historic House Museums appear as humble sites which are often located in former private luxurious residences or modest houses.
A Historic House museum with authentic preserved interior constitute a surviving example of former dwellings and a reflection of the soul of former communities and some social classes during a defined period of the life of the house/monument.
Historic house museums enable the preservation of Historical monuments.
Globalization in our contemporary time constitutes a challenge for the conservation of Historical Houses with their spirit and soul.
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General presentation and study of the defences and spatial organization of the castle.
East. This castle was studied by M. Dunand and P. Deschamps. However, archaeological
investigations on the ancient site of Gbail/Byblos where the castle is located came to a halt
after the outbreak of the civil war in Lebanon in 1975, except for a few preservation ventures
aimed at rehabilitating the site for tourists.
Since 2015, a new research project took place on the site. The new project consists of the study of the building techniques of the castle and the evolution of its construction. The program includes archaeological excavation in several parts of the castle and its ditch. The study of the eastern part of the castle uncovered precious details concerning the evolution of the construction of the castle and the organization of its defenses. The study of lapidary signs in the castle represents also a new stack to understand special aspects of the building process of the castle.
En 2015, un nouveau projet de recherche a été lancé sur l'étude du bâti du château médiéval. Plusieurs sondages ont été entrepris dans différents endroits du château et des fossés. De même, l’étude et l’analyse du bâti ont permis d’avoir une meilleure compréhension de l’évolution de la construction du château de Gbail /Byblos et de l'organisation de ses défenses.
Presentation about castles and different aspects related to the medieval period in the Levant