Background and objectives: Research investigating hydration strategies specialized for women’s so... more Background and objectives: Research investigating hydration strategies specialized for women’s soccer players is limited, despite the growth in the sport. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fluid balance and electrolyte losses in collegiate women’s soccer players. Materials and Methods: Eighteen NCAA Division I women’s soccer players were recruited (age: 19.2 ± 1.0 yr; weight: 68.5 ± 9.0 kg, and height: 168.4 ± 6.7 cm; mean ± SD), including: 3 forwards (FW), 7 mid-fielders (MD), 5 defenders (DF), and 3 goalkeepers (GK). Players practiced outdoor during spring off-season training camp for a total 14 practices (WBGT: 18.3 ± 3.1 °C). The main outcome measures included body mass change (BMC), sweat rate, urine and sweat electrolyte concentrations, and fluid intake. Results: Results were analyzed for comparison between low (LOW; 16.2 ± 2.6° C, n = 7) and moderate risk environments for hyperthermia (MOD; 20.5 ± 1.5 °C, n = 7) as well as by field position. The majori...
Most importantly, I am extremely thankful for my mother, father, and brother, who have always rem... more Most importantly, I am extremely thankful for my mother, father, and brother, who have always reminded me that I will never walk alone. I would not be where I am today without all of their support and granoler bars.
Kicking is a crucial motor skill in soccer. Accuracy and velocity are the two primary factors res... more Kicking is a crucial motor skill in soccer. Accuracy and velocity are the two primary factors responsible for kicking performance. Coaches and practitioners design programs with practice sessions in which kicking actions are involved. PURPOSE: To examine the effects on kicking performance of different types of extrinsic video feedbacks such as slow-motion video feedback (SMVF) or normal video feedback (NVF), with additional velocity feedback, in comparison with no feedback (NF) was studied in U-10 soccer players. METHODS: Thirty male children soccer players (mean age: 8.9 ± 0.8 years) asked to perform series of dynamic soccer kicks. Their kicking performance was measured in terms of accuracy and velocity, and the motor skill pattern variations were assessed in terms of temporal variables of approach time (ATIME), the last step time (LSTIME) and the foot descent time (DTIME). Players performed 4 blocks of 5 kicks with a 30-second rest period and a retention block of 10 kicks 2 days later. RESULTS: Results showed significant differences both between the SMVF and NF groups in terms of performance (F 2,27 = 3.97, p < 0.05; η 2 p = 0.227). SMVF group significantly improved performance during the practice phase but not in retention. Significant differences of the coefficient of variation (CV) were found in the main temporal variables of the action (F 6,214 = 6.96, p = 0.000; η 2 p = 0.44). Univariate analysis showed a significant effect of group on LSTIME (F 2,108 = 4.07, p = 0.015; η 2 p = 0.06) and DTIME (F 2,108 = 16.99, p = 0.000; η 2 p = 0.16) but not on ATIME (F 2,108 = 1.28, p = 0.30; η 2 p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: The type of multimodal feedback (slow motion video and velocity) significantly affects the acute kicking performance in children and its temporal pattern. The present study suggests possible benefits of using slow-motion video feedback in the learning sessions of children soccer players. The accessibility of such technology using low-cost cameras or mobile phones makes this finding especially relevant. Coaches and practitioners can induce significant changes in kicking performances (and other motor skills) and temporal patterns. This study is inconclusive about the retention of these changes and has not studied the transfer in learning.
The resistance training-specific rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale measuring repetitions i... more The resistance training-specific rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale measuring repetitions in reserve (RIR) has been validated to gauge effort per set in resistance exercise. However, it is unknown what descriptive factors of the lifter influence RPE/RIR accuracy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between total repetitions per set and the accuracy of intra-set RPEs of 5, 7, and 9 on the 1-10 RIRbased RPE scale. METHODS: Twenty-five college-aged and resistance trained men (Age: 25±3yrs, Body Mass: 88.95±14.72kg) performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat followed by one set of maximum repetitions at 70% of 1RM. Subjects were blinded to the load during the 70% set via an opaque trash bag covering the weight discs. During the 70% set subjects verbally called a 5RPE (i.e. 5RIR), 7RPE (i.e. 3RIR), and 9RPE (i.e. 1RIR) when the subject believed he was at the respective threshold. Pearson product moment correlations were used to assess relationships between total repetitions performed and the absolute RIR difference from the actual RIR when each RPE was verbally called. For example, if a subject completed 15 total repetitions and called a 5RPE after 7 repetitions then the RIR difference would equal 3. RESULTS: Average squat 1RM was 175.76±34.68kg and the mean number of repetitions performed at 70% of 1RM was 16±4. There were moderate and significant correlations between total repetitions performed and the RIR difference at the called 5RPE (r=0.64, p=0.01) and 7RPE (r=0.56, p=0.004), however no relationship between total repetitions and the RIR difference existed at the called 9RPE (r=0.01, p=0.97). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the greater amount of repetitions performed per set is related to increased difficulty to accurately gauge RIR further from failure. However, total repetitions per set do not seem to effect RIR accuracy when close to failure (i.e. 9RPE).
Beverage Composition Influences Ad Libitum Consumption, Hydration Status And Affect During Exerci... more Beverage Composition Influences Ad Libitum Consumption, Hydration Status And Affect During Exercise In The Heat Adam C. Lowe, Erik Lind, Conrad Earnest, FACSM, Neil Johannsen, Timothy Church. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. State University of New York-Cortland, Cortland, NY. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA. Email: [email protected]
Background and objectives: Research investigating hydration strategies specialized for women’s so... more Background and objectives: Research investigating hydration strategies specialized for women’s soccer players is limited, despite the growth in the sport. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fluid balance and electrolyte losses in collegiate women’s soccer players. Materials and Methods: Eighteen NCAA Division I women’s soccer players were recruited (age: 19.2 ± 1.0 yr; weight: 68.5 ± 9.0 kg, and height: 168.4 ± 6.7 cm; mean ± SD), including: 3 forwards (FW), 7 mid-fielders (MD), 5 defenders (DF), and 3 goalkeepers (GK). Players practiced outdoor during spring off-season training camp for a total 14 practices (WBGT: 18.3 ± 3.1 °C). The main outcome measures included body mass change (BMC), sweat rate, urine and sweat electrolyte concentrations, and fluid intake. Results: Results were analyzed for comparison between low (LOW; 16.2 ± 2.6° C, n = 7) and moderate risk environments for hyperthermia (MOD; 20.5 ± 1.5 °C, n = 7) as well as by field position. The majori...
Most importantly, I am extremely thankful for my mother, father, and brother, who have always rem... more Most importantly, I am extremely thankful for my mother, father, and brother, who have always reminded me that I will never walk alone. I would not be where I am today without all of their support and granoler bars.
Kicking is a crucial motor skill in soccer. Accuracy and velocity are the two primary factors res... more Kicking is a crucial motor skill in soccer. Accuracy and velocity are the two primary factors responsible for kicking performance. Coaches and practitioners design programs with practice sessions in which kicking actions are involved. PURPOSE: To examine the effects on kicking performance of different types of extrinsic video feedbacks such as slow-motion video feedback (SMVF) or normal video feedback (NVF), with additional velocity feedback, in comparison with no feedback (NF) was studied in U-10 soccer players. METHODS: Thirty male children soccer players (mean age: 8.9 ± 0.8 years) asked to perform series of dynamic soccer kicks. Their kicking performance was measured in terms of accuracy and velocity, and the motor skill pattern variations were assessed in terms of temporal variables of approach time (ATIME), the last step time (LSTIME) and the foot descent time (DTIME). Players performed 4 blocks of 5 kicks with a 30-second rest period and a retention block of 10 kicks 2 days later. RESULTS: Results showed significant differences both between the SMVF and NF groups in terms of performance (F 2,27 = 3.97, p < 0.05; η 2 p = 0.227). SMVF group significantly improved performance during the practice phase but not in retention. Significant differences of the coefficient of variation (CV) were found in the main temporal variables of the action (F 6,214 = 6.96, p = 0.000; η 2 p = 0.44). Univariate analysis showed a significant effect of group on LSTIME (F 2,108 = 4.07, p = 0.015; η 2 p = 0.06) and DTIME (F 2,108 = 16.99, p = 0.000; η 2 p = 0.16) but not on ATIME (F 2,108 = 1.28, p = 0.30; η 2 p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: The type of multimodal feedback (slow motion video and velocity) significantly affects the acute kicking performance in children and its temporal pattern. The present study suggests possible benefits of using slow-motion video feedback in the learning sessions of children soccer players. The accessibility of such technology using low-cost cameras or mobile phones makes this finding especially relevant. Coaches and practitioners can induce significant changes in kicking performances (and other motor skills) and temporal patterns. This study is inconclusive about the retention of these changes and has not studied the transfer in learning.
The resistance training-specific rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale measuring repetitions i... more The resistance training-specific rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale measuring repetitions in reserve (RIR) has been validated to gauge effort per set in resistance exercise. However, it is unknown what descriptive factors of the lifter influence RPE/RIR accuracy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between total repetitions per set and the accuracy of intra-set RPEs of 5, 7, and 9 on the 1-10 RIRbased RPE scale. METHODS: Twenty-five college-aged and resistance trained men (Age: 25±3yrs, Body Mass: 88.95±14.72kg) performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat followed by one set of maximum repetitions at 70% of 1RM. Subjects were blinded to the load during the 70% set via an opaque trash bag covering the weight discs. During the 70% set subjects verbally called a 5RPE (i.e. 5RIR), 7RPE (i.e. 3RIR), and 9RPE (i.e. 1RIR) when the subject believed he was at the respective threshold. Pearson product moment correlations were used to assess relationships between total repetitions performed and the absolute RIR difference from the actual RIR when each RPE was verbally called. For example, if a subject completed 15 total repetitions and called a 5RPE after 7 repetitions then the RIR difference would equal 3. RESULTS: Average squat 1RM was 175.76±34.68kg and the mean number of repetitions performed at 70% of 1RM was 16±4. There were moderate and significant correlations between total repetitions performed and the RIR difference at the called 5RPE (r=0.64, p=0.01) and 7RPE (r=0.56, p=0.004), however no relationship between total repetitions and the RIR difference existed at the called 9RPE (r=0.01, p=0.97). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the greater amount of repetitions performed per set is related to increased difficulty to accurately gauge RIR further from failure. However, total repetitions per set do not seem to effect RIR accuracy when close to failure (i.e. 9RPE).
Beverage Composition Influences Ad Libitum Consumption, Hydration Status And Affect During Exerci... more Beverage Composition Influences Ad Libitum Consumption, Hydration Status And Affect During Exercise In The Heat Adam C. Lowe, Erik Lind, Conrad Earnest, FACSM, Neil Johannsen, Timothy Church. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. State University of New York-Cortland, Cortland, NY. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA. Email: [email protected]
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