The trajectory of the development of family policies in the developing world has radically differ... more The trajectory of the development of family policies in the developing world has radically differed from the policies adopted in the developed world. Family policies in the advanced welfare societies have been devised to tackle new social risks that have emerged due to changing work environments, disruption of the traditional family social safety net and the advent of globalization. The developed world faces the crisis of low fertility rates and an aging population, and there is a growing realization that a continuance of this trend would have an unprecedented effect on the constitution and structure of society in these countries The developing countries particularly in Asia, on the other hand, are facing the same new social risks but are combating the issue of a steadily rising population. Consequently, the central focus of family policies in the overpopulated countries in the global south is family planning. While, countries have introduced population control measures their success has depended on a plethora of factors grounded in the social, economic, political, religious and cultural context. Other policies complementing population control measures include interventions such as raising the legal age for marriage, promoting literacy among women, mobilizing women to break away from the traditional sexual division of labour, encouraging non-governmental organizations and private players to play a proactive role in population policy and attempts at raising female workforce participation levels ( . Thus, while Family
This essay attempts to discern whether the advent of neo-liberalization and globalization in Indi... more This essay attempts to discern whether the advent of neo-liberalization and globalization in India lead to a disintegration of the welfare state. There is a growing concern whether generous state expenditure and neoliberalism are mutually exclusive and if participation in the international market owing to greater interconnectedness and prioritizing efficiency and national competitiveness would undermine welfare state and democracy. According to Rodrik " economic globalisation, political democracy, and national determination are mutually irreconcilable. We can have at most two at one time. Democracy is compatible with national sovereignty only if we restrict globalisation. If we push for globalisation while retaining the nation state, we must jettison democracy. And if we want democracy along with globalisation, we must shove the nation state aside and strive for greater international governance. " (Rodrik, 2011) Due to increasing fiscal deficits, however, there was a widespread propagation of free markets by neoliberals who advocated limited state intervention. However, in this era of neoliberal globalization, India has defied the established views on limited state intervention by developing economies. On the other hand, India stands out as a case of state intervention as well as redistribution at a time when governments around the world are withdrawing their welfare policies. A few years after the implementation of the New Economic Policy under the aegis of the Bretton Wood's institutions, Jayal reiterated that India is an almost welfare state albeit not in the classical sense as rights have never underpinned the welfare initiatives advanced by the Indian government. (Jayal, 1997) However, in the following two decades the right to education, employment and food have become constitutionally and legally enforceable rights of the Indian citizens. Thus, while India might have departed from its earlier socialist tendencies, it continues to be both welfare oriented and interventionist.
The trajectory of the development of family policies in the developing world has radically differ... more The trajectory of the development of family policies in the developing world has radically differed from the policies adopted in the developed world. Family policies in the advanced welfare societies have been devised to tackle new social risks that have emerged due to changing work environments, disruption of the traditional family social safety net and the advent of globalization. The developed world faces the crisis of low fertility rates and an aging population, and there is a growing realization that a continuance of this trend would have an unprecedented effect on the constitution and structure of society in these countries The developing countries particularly in Asia, on the other hand, are facing the same new social risks but are combating the issue of a steadily rising population. Consequently, the central focus of family policies in the overpopulated countries in the global south is family planning. While, countries have introduced population control measures their success has depended on a plethora of factors grounded in the social, economic, political, religious and cultural context. Other policies complementing population control measures include interventions such as raising the legal age for marriage, promoting literacy among women, mobilizing women to break away from the traditional sexual division of labour, encouraging non-governmental organizations and private players to play a proactive role in population policy and attempts at raising female workforce participation levels ( . Thus, while Family
This essay attempts to discern whether the advent of neo-liberalization and globalization in Indi... more This essay attempts to discern whether the advent of neo-liberalization and globalization in India lead to a disintegration of the welfare state. There is a growing concern whether generous state expenditure and neoliberalism are mutually exclusive and if participation in the international market owing to greater interconnectedness and prioritizing efficiency and national competitiveness would undermine welfare state and democracy. According to Rodrik " economic globalisation, political democracy, and national determination are mutually irreconcilable. We can have at most two at one time. Democracy is compatible with national sovereignty only if we restrict globalisation. If we push for globalisation while retaining the nation state, we must jettison democracy. And if we want democracy along with globalisation, we must shove the nation state aside and strive for greater international governance. " (Rodrik, 2011) Due to increasing fiscal deficits, however, there was a widespread propagation of free markets by neoliberals who advocated limited state intervention. However, in this era of neoliberal globalization, India has defied the established views on limited state intervention by developing economies. On the other hand, India stands out as a case of state intervention as well as redistribution at a time when governments around the world are withdrawing their welfare policies. A few years after the implementation of the New Economic Policy under the aegis of the Bretton Wood's institutions, Jayal reiterated that India is an almost welfare state albeit not in the classical sense as rights have never underpinned the welfare initiatives advanced by the Indian government. (Jayal, 1997) However, in the following two decades the right to education, employment and food have become constitutionally and legally enforceable rights of the Indian citizens. Thus, while India might have departed from its earlier socialist tendencies, it continues to be both welfare oriented and interventionist.
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Drafts by Ananta Seth