A obra reúne artigos de diversos pesquisadores em ciências sociais, cada artigo trata de um assun... more A obra reúne artigos de diversos pesquisadores em ciências sociais, cada artigo trata de um assunto relacionado à utilização da abordagem qualitativa nas ciências sociais. O livro enfoca, além do texto, duas fontes pouco utilizadas em trabalhos na área da administração: a imagem e o som. A obra está dividida em quatro partes: construção do corpus da pesquisa; enfoques analíticos; uso do computador e; exposição de questões práticas (Nota por Valdir Machado Valadão Júnior-UFU).
Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society (BIOS) at the London School of Economics conve... more Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society (BIOS) at the London School of Economics convened the group to design, analyse and interpret Eurobarometer 64.3 on Biotechnology.
In 1997 we reported that the European public was ambivalent on biotechnology. 1 In what was the t... more In 1997 we reported that the European public was ambivalent on biotechnology. 1 In what was the third Eurobarometer survey on public perceptions of biotechnology in 1996 we found broad support for medical applications of gene technology, opposition to the use of transgenic animals in medical research, and signs of concern about agricultural and food biotechnologies. 2 Since then, agricultural and food biotechnologies in particular have been beset by controversy. The period from 1996 to 1999 has been a'watershed'in the ...
The 1991-2002 Eurobarometer surveys show a steady decline in optimism about biotechnology in the ... more The 1991-2002 Eurobarometer surveys show a steady decline in optimism about biotechnology in the United Kingdom (UK) through the 1990s. After 1999, there is more optimism and less opposition to agri-food biotechnologies. The paper discusses possible causes of these changes and argues that the UK public is still open to persuasion.
Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society (BIOS) at the London School of Economics conve... more Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society (BIOS) at the London School of Economics convened the group to design, analyse and interpret Eurobarometer 64.3 on Biotechnology.
Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavio... more Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated cl...
EFSA's Advisory Group on Risk Communications provides advice to the Executive Director on risk co... more EFSA's Advisory Group on Risk Communications provides advice to the Executive Director on risk communications issues and practices. The Group also advises on risk perception and the impact of risk communications on consumer attitudes. Members provide a wide range of expertise in fields relevant to risk communications such as sociology, consumer science, psychology and communications. 2 Participants at the workshop held on 26 June 2007 included Anne-Laure Gassin (EFSA) and George Gaskell (LSE) (co-chairs), David Carlander (EFSA), Claude Fischler (CNRS/EHESS), Jürgen Hampel (Stuttgart), Juliane Kleiner (EFSA), Nicole Kronberger (Linz), Jesper Lassen (Copenhagen), Christine Majewski (EFSA), Carola Sondermann (EFSA) and Karen Talbot (EFSA).
Optimism about the contribution of technology to society Europeans are generally optimistic about... more Optimism about the contribution of technology to society Europeans are generally optimistic about the contribution of technology to our way of life. An index of optimism shows a high and stable level for computers and information technology and solar energy from 1991 to 2005. Over the same period the index for biotechnology declined steeply from 1991 to 1999. From 1999 to 2005 the trend reversed, and now biotechnology is back to the same level of optimism seen in 1991. Optimism about nanotechnology has increased since 2002-the ratio of optimists to pessimists is eight to one. Europeans have become less pessimistic about nuclear power, but the pessimists still outnumber the optimists, even in France. Nanotechnology, pharmacogenetics and gene therapy Europeans support the development of nanotechnology, pharmacogenetics and gene therapy. All three technologies are perceived as useful to society and morally acceptable. Neither nanotechnology nor pharmcogenetics are perceived to be risky. While gene therapy is seen as a risk for society, Europeans are prepared to discount this risk as they perceive the technology to be both useful and morally acceptable. GM food Overall, a majority of Europeans thinks that GM food should not be encouraged. GM food is seen by them as not being useful, as morally unacceptable and as a risk for society. Looking at a section of the European public-the 'decided' public (approximately 50 per cent)-who have a view on four key questions about GM food, 58 per cent oppose and 42 per cent support. Only in Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Czech Republic and Lithuania do the supporters outnumber the opponents. Purchasing intentions for GM food There are mixed opinions on the acceptability of buying GM food. The most persuasive reasons relate to health, the reduction of pesticide residues and environmental impacts. Whether GM food is approved by the relevant authorities or is cheaper are not convincing reasons. Across the EU Member States the percentage of people rejecting five suggested reasons for buying GM food varies from about 5 to 55 per cent. Countries with the highest percentage of rejecters are Austria, Greece, Hungary, Germany and Latvia and with the lowest percentage of rejecters are Malta, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Spain, Belgium and Portugal. Amongst the non-rejecters, it is notable that the mean number of acceptable reasons is relatively high. It appears that once a threshold of minimal acceptability is reached, people are inclined to find a number of the reasons acceptable for buying GM foods. different on nanotechnology. In comparison to people in the US and Canada, Europeans see nanotechnology as more useful and have greater confidence in its regulation.
A obra reúne artigos de diversos pesquisadores em ciências sociais, cada artigo trata de um assun... more A obra reúne artigos de diversos pesquisadores em ciências sociais, cada artigo trata de um assunto relacionado à utilização da abordagem qualitativa nas ciências sociais. O livro enfoca, além do texto, duas fontes pouco utilizadas em trabalhos na área da administração: a imagem e o som. A obra está dividida em quatro partes: construção do corpus da pesquisa; enfoques analíticos; uso do computador e; exposição de questões práticas (Nota por Valdir Machado Valadão Júnior-UFU).
Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society (BIOS) at the London School of Economics conve... more Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society (BIOS) at the London School of Economics convened the group to design, analyse and interpret Eurobarometer 64.3 on Biotechnology.
In 1997 we reported that the European public was ambivalent on biotechnology. 1 In what was the t... more In 1997 we reported that the European public was ambivalent on biotechnology. 1 In what was the third Eurobarometer survey on public perceptions of biotechnology in 1996 we found broad support for medical applications of gene technology, opposition to the use of transgenic animals in medical research, and signs of concern about agricultural and food biotechnologies. 2 Since then, agricultural and food biotechnologies in particular have been beset by controversy. The period from 1996 to 1999 has been a'watershed'in the ...
The 1991-2002 Eurobarometer surveys show a steady decline in optimism about biotechnology in the ... more The 1991-2002 Eurobarometer surveys show a steady decline in optimism about biotechnology in the United Kingdom (UK) through the 1990s. After 1999, there is more optimism and less opposition to agri-food biotechnologies. The paper discusses possible causes of these changes and argues that the UK public is still open to persuasion.
Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society (BIOS) at the London School of Economics conve... more Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society (BIOS) at the London School of Economics convened the group to design, analyse and interpret Eurobarometer 64.3 on Biotechnology.
Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavio... more Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated cl...
EFSA's Advisory Group on Risk Communications provides advice to the Executive Director on risk co... more EFSA's Advisory Group on Risk Communications provides advice to the Executive Director on risk communications issues and practices. The Group also advises on risk perception and the impact of risk communications on consumer attitudes. Members provide a wide range of expertise in fields relevant to risk communications such as sociology, consumer science, psychology and communications. 2 Participants at the workshop held on 26 June 2007 included Anne-Laure Gassin (EFSA) and George Gaskell (LSE) (co-chairs), David Carlander (EFSA), Claude Fischler (CNRS/EHESS), Jürgen Hampel (Stuttgart), Juliane Kleiner (EFSA), Nicole Kronberger (Linz), Jesper Lassen (Copenhagen), Christine Majewski (EFSA), Carola Sondermann (EFSA) and Karen Talbot (EFSA).
Optimism about the contribution of technology to society Europeans are generally optimistic about... more Optimism about the contribution of technology to society Europeans are generally optimistic about the contribution of technology to our way of life. An index of optimism shows a high and stable level for computers and information technology and solar energy from 1991 to 2005. Over the same period the index for biotechnology declined steeply from 1991 to 1999. From 1999 to 2005 the trend reversed, and now biotechnology is back to the same level of optimism seen in 1991. Optimism about nanotechnology has increased since 2002-the ratio of optimists to pessimists is eight to one. Europeans have become less pessimistic about nuclear power, but the pessimists still outnumber the optimists, even in France. Nanotechnology, pharmacogenetics and gene therapy Europeans support the development of nanotechnology, pharmacogenetics and gene therapy. All three technologies are perceived as useful to society and morally acceptable. Neither nanotechnology nor pharmcogenetics are perceived to be risky. While gene therapy is seen as a risk for society, Europeans are prepared to discount this risk as they perceive the technology to be both useful and morally acceptable. GM food Overall, a majority of Europeans thinks that GM food should not be encouraged. GM food is seen by them as not being useful, as morally unacceptable and as a risk for society. Looking at a section of the European public-the 'decided' public (approximately 50 per cent)-who have a view on four key questions about GM food, 58 per cent oppose and 42 per cent support. Only in Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Czech Republic and Lithuania do the supporters outnumber the opponents. Purchasing intentions for GM food There are mixed opinions on the acceptability of buying GM food. The most persuasive reasons relate to health, the reduction of pesticide residues and environmental impacts. Whether GM food is approved by the relevant authorities or is cheaper are not convincing reasons. Across the EU Member States the percentage of people rejecting five suggested reasons for buying GM food varies from about 5 to 55 per cent. Countries with the highest percentage of rejecters are Austria, Greece, Hungary, Germany and Latvia and with the lowest percentage of rejecters are Malta, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Spain, Belgium and Portugal. Amongst the non-rejecters, it is notable that the mean number of acceptable reasons is relatively high. It appears that once a threshold of minimal acceptability is reached, people are inclined to find a number of the reasons acceptable for buying GM foods. different on nanotechnology. In comparison to people in the US and Canada, Europeans see nanotechnology as more useful and have greater confidence in its regulation.
A social representations approach offers an empirical utility for addressing myriad social concer... more A social representations approach offers an empirical utility for addressing myriad social concerns such as social order, ecological sustainability, national identity, racism, religious communities, the public understanding of science, health and social marketing. The core aspects of social representations theory have been debated over many years and some still remain widely misunderstood. This handbook provides an overview of these core aspects and brings together theoretical strands and developments in the theory, some of which have become pillars in the social sciences in their own right. Academics and students in the social sciences working with concepts and methods such as social identity, discursive psychology, positioning theory, semiotics, attitudes, risk perception and social values will find this an invaluable resource.
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Papers by George Gaskell