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Raul Isea

Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA, Bioinformática, Faculty Member

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Raul Isea is currently an associate researcher at the Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IDEA in Caracas-Venezuela. He got the Ph.D in Chemistry (Universidad Complutense de Madrid–Spain) in 1996 and the B.S. in Physics (Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas-Venezuela) in 1993. He was a postdoctoral fellow research at the Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas in Caracas from 1997 until 1999. In 2000, he got a postdoctoral position at the Rice University in Texas–USA. His research interest is focused on computational biological.
Address: Hoyo de la Puerta, Barutam Venezuela

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Papers by Raul Isea

A Systematic Review of Dengue Fever and Dengue-Associated Neurological Conditions Was Conducted in an Attempt to Better Understand This Disease

Journal of Bioinformatics And Diabetes, 2024

Dengue is a global arbovirus disease primarily carried by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosq... more Dengue is a global arbovirus disease primarily carried by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. It has four serotypes (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4) and is classified into distinct genotypes. The epidemic is complicated by immunological interactions and viral lineage turnover. Neurological problems are commonly associated with DENV2 and DENV3, with DENV2 displaying the most severe symptoms. Direct viral invasion, host-mediated immune system reactions, or host-mediated metabolic alterations can all result in dengue-related neurological issues. The three dengue vaccinations and the significance of meta-analyses for genetic data will also be covered. Finally, establish a connection with the microRNAs associated with dengue fever, creating new opportunities for the creation of dengue treatment regimens involving microRNAs.

Toward A Diet Based on MicroRNA

International Journal of Nutrition, 2024

The purpose of this work is to emphasize the possible benefits of a microRNA-based diet in reduci... more

What Can a Stylometric Analysis Contribute to the Diary of Saint Faustina Kowalska?

Journal Current Scientific Research, 2024

Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska's Diary records the words of Christ revealed to her between 1934 an... more Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska's Diary records the words of Christ revealed to her between 1934 and 1938. The frequency of the words used by God and Sor Faustina could be statistically determined by stylometric analysis since each has its own linguistic footprint. To do this, we analyze various parts of the Diary in three different editions (Polish, Spanish, and English). The results show a linguistic style characteristic of Sister Faustina and another to God. So this paper confirms that there was a conversation between the two

A Brief Summary of the Ways in Which our Genes Influence our Perceptions of Attraction and Love Case Report

Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology, 2024

The connection between genetics and love has been a topic of interest for decades. Romantic love ... more The connection between genetics and love has been a topic of interest for decades. Romantic love involves closeness, passion, and commitment, with distinct emotional, behavioral, hormonal, and neuropsychological characteristics. Neurobiological changes, immune system involvement, and genetic polymorphisms can help therapists and counselors provide personalized guidance and develop targeted interventions. Finally, it concludes that love is a combination of processes influenced by genes, environment, and commitment.

Artificial Intelligence Can Diagnose any Disease from the Data of an Electrocardiogram

Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research,, 2024

The electrocardiogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart, and has recent... more The electrocardiogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart, and has recently been shown that it can also detect other non-cardiovascular conditions, such as diabetes, measles, Alzheimer's, arterial hypertension, fatty liver, hiperpotasemia, hypothyroidism, malaria, etc. For this reason, this paper proposes a computational technique to analyze and detect patterns based on the position and length of the segments between the peaks that make up the electrocardiogram signals, using deep learning techniques created by Artificial Intelligence. The program started by evaluating a database of heart arrhythmia signals, which included more than 120 electrocardiograms grouped between signals from normal and arrhythmia patients, employing convolutional neural network (CNN). The program had a prediction accuracy rate of 94.3%.

Can Non-Heart Diseases like Diabetes and Sleep Apnea be Detected by an ECG? Research Article

Virology: Research & Reviews, 2024

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is frequently used to identify heart problems, but it can also identif... more An electrocardiogram (ECG) is frequently used to identify heart problems, but it can also identify apnea, diabetes, and other conditions that are not heart-related. The study uses deep learning methods from artificial intelligence, particularly the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, to look for patterns in ECG data. To predict illness, two different methodologies are used. The first approach makes use of an ECG scale, while the second employs a gradient-boosting machine (GBM)-based learning technique. The MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database, the Normal Sinus Rhythm database, the BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure database, the Sleep Apnea database, the type 2 diabetes mellitus dataset, and the dataset for healthy volunteers were the sources of the data used in the study. Finally, 92% of predictions were accurate.

Is Vagus Nerve Therapy a Potential Alzheimer's Disease Treatment?

International Journal of Global Health, 2023

A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease is vagus nerve therapy, which has been made possibl... more A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease is vagus nerve therapy, which has been made possible by considerable advances in neuroscience. An essential component of the autonomic nervous system, the vagus nerve regulates memory, inflammation, and cognition. Researchers hope to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease and improve cognitive function by implanting a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS). Alzheimer's patients have higher heart rate variability, according to an ECG study, which may be advantageous. To completely grasp its mechanics and long-term effectiveness, more research is necessary.

Biotecnology 2.0

Journal of Current Scientific Research, 2023

Biotechnology has changed our relationships and perspectives of the world, influencing industry a... more Biotechnology has changed our relationships and perspectives of the world, influencing industry and serving as a catalyst for scientific discoveries. With this change, biotechnology enters a new age known as Biotechnology 2.0. "Modern Biotechnology" and "Artificial Intelligence" are getting married. In order to lessen food poverty, this idea incorporates the most recent advancements in genetic engineering, medicine, environmental preservation, and agricultural productivity and loss reduction strategies. The importance of openness and public involvement in addressing public concerns and advancing moral behavior in biotechnology's future, fostering cooperation among diverse stakeholders, and accomplishing this in a sustainable way for the good of society and humanity cannot be overstated, especially with the backing of biotechnology governance.

Tridimensional structure of the zinc cyanide ion [Zn 27 (CN) 55 ] 2 determined by quantum mechanical calculations (QMC) as a complementary method to force ®eld (FF

Journal of Molecular Structure THEOCHEM , 2000

The aim of this work was to determine the lowest energy conformation of the [Zn 27 (CN) 55 ] 2 io... more

A Preliminary Mathematical Model for the Dynamic Transmission of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika

arXiv: Populations and Evolution, 2016

Aedes aegypti is a known vector of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika and the goal of this study is to ... more Aedes aegypti is a known vector of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika and the goal of this study is to propose the first mathematical model to describe the dynamic transmission of these three diseases. We present two preliminary models that consist of the SEIR model for the human populations and an SEI model for the vector to describe (a) the single transmission dynamics of dengue, Chikungunya or Zika, and (b) any possible coinfection between two diseases in the same population. In order to do that, we obtain an analytical solution of the system of 17 and 30 coupled differential equations for each model respectively, and later obtain the eigenvalues by analyzing the Jacobian matrix in order to begin the development of a surveillance system to prevent the spread of these three diseases.

A Potential Correlation Between the Temperature of the Pacific Ocean and Data from Google Trends May Yield a Warning Sign for the Outbreak of Zika

arXiv: Populations and Evolution, 2016

There has been a large number of reported cases of the occurrence of Zika in different countries ... more There has been a large number of reported cases of the occurrence of Zika in different countries in 2016 and it is necessary to develop an early warning system to initiate preventive campaigns against the disease. A potential early warning system based on the rise in ocean temperature of the Pacific Ni\~no Index is proposed. The efficacy is verified using data for the outbreak in Colombia as obtained from Google Trends.

Can Bioinformatics Be Considered as an Experimental Biological Science

The objective of this short report is to reconsider the subject of bioinformatics as just being a... more The objective of this short report is to reconsider the subject of bioinformatics as just being a tool of experimental biological science. To do that, we introduce three examples to show how bioinformatics could be considered as an experimental science. These examples show how the development of theoretical biological models generates experimentally verifiable computer hypotheses, which necessarily must be validated by experiments in vitro or in vivo .

Quantitative Prediction of Linear B-Cell Epitopes

arXiv: Quantitative Methods, 2017

In scientific literature, there are many programs that predict linear B-cell epitopes from a prot... more In scientific literature, there are many programs that predict linear B-cell epitopes from a protein sequence. Each program generates multiple B-cell epitopes that can be individually studied. This paper defines a function called that combines results from five different prediction programs concerning the linear B-cell epitopes (ie., BebiPred, EPMLR, BCPred, ABCPred and Emini Prediction) for selecting the best B-cell epitopes. We obtained 17 potential linear B cells consensus epitopes from Glycoprotein E from serotype IV of the dengue virus for exploring new possibilities in vaccine development. The direct implication of the results obtained is to open the way to experimentally validate more epitopes to increase the efficiency of the available treatments against dengue and to explore the methodology in other diseases.

$Research paper thumbnail of Identificaci\'on de nuevos medicamentos a trav\'es de m\'etodos computacionales$

Identificaci\'on de nuevos medicamentos a trav\'es de m\'etodos computacionales

arXiv: Other Quantitative Biology, 2010

Resumen: El desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos es un problema complejo que carece de una soluci\&#... more Resumen: El desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos es un problema complejo que carece de una soluci\'on \'unica y autom\'atica desde un punto de vista computacional, debido a la carencia de programas que permitan manejar grandes vol\'umenes de informaci\'on que est\'an distribuidos a lo largo de todo el mundo entre m\'ultiples bases de datos. Por ello se describe una metodolog\'ia que permita realizar experimentos in silico para la identificaci\'on actual de nuevos medicamentos. Abstract: The development of new drugs is a problem that nowadays has no solution in terms of computational power due to the lack of software for handling the big volume of available information; besides, these data are stored in multiple formats and are distributed all around the world. To resolve that, a development of an in silico drug design methodology.

A Mathematical Model of Cancer Under Radiotherapy

International journal of public health research, 2015

The goal of this paper is to suggest a three mathematical model description of the Lotka-Volterra... more The goal of this paper is to suggest a three mathematical model description of the Lotka-Volterra competition model type that could be used in understanding the action of radiation when the cancerous cells, the healthy cells and the cells that are triggered by the immune cells interact with each other. In order to do that, we analyze the model where there is only an interaction between the cancer and the normal cells. We extend the model to include immune response cells. Finally, we examine the effects of radiation therapy according to three different mathematical models.

Predicción computacional cuantitativa de epítopos de células B

This paper shows a computational approach for quantitative prediction of B cell epitopes. The fun... more This paper shows a computational approach for quantitative prediction of B cell epitopes. The function was defined, which reflects the average value of B epitopes, according to eight predictors of different B epitopes, as well as structural and energetic considerations of the origin protein. The proposed methodology could be useful to develop both dengue and chikungunya vaccines.

Proposal For An Early Warning System Against An AH 1 N 1 Influenza Pandemic In America 1

The objective of the present work is to propose a project for the design of a real time early war... more The objective of the present work is to propose a project for the design of a real time early warning system against the influenza virus AH1N1 in America. This early warning system would carefully monitor all cases of the AH1N1 influenza in 16 countries out of the 35 that make up the American continent. From the accumulated data, we will be able to calculate the basic reproduction number R0. This number indicates when an epidemic is occurring and thus will be able to generate alerts and inhibit the spread of the influenza pandemic. This proposed system uses a color code that is based on the alert phases previously defined by the World Health Organization in order to declare an outbreak as a pandemic. Finally, this methodology is validated by calculating the value of R0 in 16 American countries where cases of AH1N1 influenza have occurred in 2016.

Analysis of an SEIR-SEI four-strain epidemic dengue model with primary and secondary infections

We propose an SEIR model for the populations and an SEI model for the vector to describe the tran... more We propose an SEIR model for the populations and an SEI model for the vector to describe the transmission dynamics of a four-strain model with both primary and secondary dengue infections. In order to accomplish this, we propose and obtain an analytic solution of a system of 47 coupled differential equations. This would be the most complete epidemic model proposed to describe the dengue epidemic.

$Model 2. Two-strains model. In this case, the values i are 1 and 2 and the terms that are not zero are S',E'),E',I'1,I'2,S'1,S'2E'2,E's1,1'12,T'21,R',SV,E VE ve, I'v, and I'\2 whose equations are respectively:$

State of the art for Linear B-cell epitope in Plasmodium falciparum according to a bibliographical investigation

The goal of this investigation is to analyze the bibliographical references that are registered i... more The goal of this investigation is to analyze the bibliographical references that are registered in the IEDB database regarding the linear B-cell epitopes responsible for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in humans during the temporal period 1984 to 2018. The geographical origin of the samples and the relevant journals were obtained for the linear B-cell epitopes in Plasmodium falciparum according to the Similarity Index. This methodology can be applied to another disease.

Mathematical analysis of the spreading of a rumor among different subgroups of spreaders

This paper presents a system of differential equations that describes the spreading of a rumor wh... more This paper presents a system of differential equations that describes the spreading of a rumor when it is propagated by different subgroups of spreaders. The system that is developed is a generalization of the model proposed by Daley and Kendall. Finally, the system is applied to the exchange rate of the parallel dollar in Venezuela, where the source data that was used were obtained from Google Trends.

A Systematic Review of Dengue Fever and Dengue-Associated Neurological Conditions Was Conducted in an Attempt to Better Understand This Disease

Journal of Bioinformatics And Diabetes, 2024

Dengue is a global arbovirus disease primarily carried by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosq... more Dengue is a global arbovirus disease primarily carried by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. It has four serotypes (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4) and is classified into distinct genotypes. The epidemic is complicated by immunological interactions and viral lineage turnover. Neurological problems are commonly associated with DENV2 and DENV3, with DENV2 displaying the most severe symptoms. Direct viral invasion, host-mediated immune system reactions, or host-mediated metabolic alterations can all result in dengue-related neurological issues. The three dengue vaccinations and the significance of meta-analyses for genetic data will also be covered. Finally, establish a connection with the microRNAs associated with dengue fever, creating new opportunities for the creation of dengue treatment regimens involving microRNAs.

Toward A Diet Based on MicroRNA

International Journal of Nutrition, 2024

The purpose of this work is to emphasize the possible benefits of a microRNA-based diet in reduci... more

What Can a Stylometric Analysis Contribute to the Diary of Saint Faustina Kowalska?

Journal Current Scientific Research, 2024

Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska's Diary records the words of Christ revealed to her between 1934 an... more Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska's Diary records the words of Christ revealed to her between 1934 and 1938. The frequency of the words used by God and Sor Faustina could be statistically determined by stylometric analysis since each has its own linguistic footprint. To do this, we analyze various parts of the Diary in three different editions (Polish, Spanish, and English). The results show a linguistic style characteristic of Sister Faustina and another to God. So this paper confirms that there was a conversation between the two

A Brief Summary of the Ways in Which our Genes Influence our Perceptions of Attraction and Love Case Report

Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology, 2024

The connection between genetics and love has been a topic of interest for decades. Romantic love ... more The connection between genetics and love has been a topic of interest for decades. Romantic love involves closeness, passion, and commitment, with distinct emotional, behavioral, hormonal, and neuropsychological characteristics. Neurobiological changes, immune system involvement, and genetic polymorphisms can help therapists and counselors provide personalized guidance and develop targeted interventions. Finally, it concludes that love is a combination of processes influenced by genes, environment, and commitment.

Artificial Intelligence Can Diagnose any Disease from the Data of an Electrocardiogram

Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research,, 2024

The electrocardiogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart, and has recent... more The electrocardiogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart, and has recently been shown that it can also detect other non-cardiovascular conditions, such as diabetes, measles, Alzheimer's, arterial hypertension, fatty liver, hiperpotasemia, hypothyroidism, malaria, etc. For this reason, this paper proposes a computational technique to analyze and detect patterns based on the position and length of the segments between the peaks that make up the electrocardiogram signals, using deep learning techniques created by Artificial Intelligence. The program started by evaluating a database of heart arrhythmia signals, which included more than 120 electrocardiograms grouped between signals from normal and arrhythmia patients, employing convolutional neural network (CNN). The program had a prediction accuracy rate of 94.3%.

Can Non-Heart Diseases like Diabetes and Sleep Apnea be Detected by an ECG? Research Article

Virology: Research & Reviews, 2024

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is frequently used to identify heart problems, but it can also identif... more An electrocardiogram (ECG) is frequently used to identify heart problems, but it can also identify apnea, diabetes, and other conditions that are not heart-related. The study uses deep learning methods from artificial intelligence, particularly the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, to look for patterns in ECG data. To predict illness, two different methodologies are used. The first approach makes use of an ECG scale, while the second employs a gradient-boosting machine (GBM)-based learning technique. The MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database, the Normal Sinus Rhythm database, the BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure database, the Sleep Apnea database, the type 2 diabetes mellitus dataset, and the dataset for healthy volunteers were the sources of the data used in the study. Finally, 92% of predictions were accurate.

Is Vagus Nerve Therapy a Potential Alzheimer's Disease Treatment?

International Journal of Global Health, 2023

A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease is vagus nerve therapy, which has been made possibl... more A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease is vagus nerve therapy, which has been made possible by considerable advances in neuroscience. An essential component of the autonomic nervous system, the vagus nerve regulates memory, inflammation, and cognition. Researchers hope to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease and improve cognitive function by implanting a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS). Alzheimer's patients have higher heart rate variability, according to an ECG study, which may be advantageous. To completely grasp its mechanics and long-term effectiveness, more research is necessary.

Biotecnology 2.0

Journal of Current Scientific Research, 2023

Biotechnology has changed our relationships and perspectives of the world, influencing industry a... more Biotechnology has changed our relationships and perspectives of the world, influencing industry and serving as a catalyst for scientific discoveries. With this change, biotechnology enters a new age known as Biotechnology 2.0. "Modern Biotechnology" and "Artificial Intelligence" are getting married. In order to lessen food poverty, this idea incorporates the most recent advancements in genetic engineering, medicine, environmental preservation, and agricultural productivity and loss reduction strategies. The importance of openness and public involvement in addressing public concerns and advancing moral behavior in biotechnology's future, fostering cooperation among diverse stakeholders, and accomplishing this in a sustainable way for the good of society and humanity cannot be overstated, especially with the backing of biotechnology governance.

Tridimensional structure of the zinc cyanide ion [Zn 27 (CN) 55 ] 2 determined by quantum mechanical calculations (QMC) as a complementary method to force ®eld (FF

Journal of Molecular Structure THEOCHEM , 2000

The aim of this work was to determine the lowest energy conformation of the [Zn 27 (CN) 55 ] 2 io... more

A Preliminary Mathematical Model for the Dynamic Transmission of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika

arXiv: Populations and Evolution, 2016

Aedes aegypti is a known vector of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika and the goal of this study is to ... more Aedes aegypti is a known vector of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika and the goal of this study is to propose the first mathematical model to describe the dynamic transmission of these three diseases. We present two preliminary models that consist of the SEIR model for the human populations and an SEI model for the vector to describe (a) the single transmission dynamics of dengue, Chikungunya or Zika, and (b) any possible coinfection between two diseases in the same population. In order to do that, we obtain an analytical solution of the system of 17 and 30 coupled differential equations for each model respectively, and later obtain the eigenvalues by analyzing the Jacobian matrix in order to begin the development of a surveillance system to prevent the spread of these three diseases.

A Potential Correlation Between the Temperature of the Pacific Ocean and Data from Google Trends May Yield a Warning Sign for the Outbreak of Zika

arXiv: Populations and Evolution, 2016

There has been a large number of reported cases of the occurrence of Zika in different countries ... more There has been a large number of reported cases of the occurrence of Zika in different countries in 2016 and it is necessary to develop an early warning system to initiate preventive campaigns against the disease. A potential early warning system based on the rise in ocean temperature of the Pacific Ni\~no Index is proposed. The efficacy is verified using data for the outbreak in Colombia as obtained from Google Trends.

Can Bioinformatics Be Considered as an Experimental Biological Science

The objective of this short report is to reconsider the subject of bioinformatics as just being a... more The objective of this short report is to reconsider the subject of bioinformatics as just being a tool of experimental biological science. To do that, we introduce three examples to show how bioinformatics could be considered as an experimental science. These examples show how the development of theoretical biological models generates experimentally verifiable computer hypotheses, which necessarily must be validated by experiments in vitro or in vivo .

Quantitative Prediction of Linear B-Cell Epitopes

arXiv: Quantitative Methods, 2017

In scientific literature, there are many programs that predict linear B-cell epitopes from a prot... more In scientific literature, there are many programs that predict linear B-cell epitopes from a protein sequence. Each program generates multiple B-cell epitopes that can be individually studied. This paper defines a function called that combines results from five different prediction programs concerning the linear B-cell epitopes (ie., BebiPred, EPMLR, BCPred, ABCPred and Emini Prediction) for selecting the best B-cell epitopes. We obtained 17 potential linear B cells consensus epitopes from Glycoprotein E from serotype IV of the dengue virus for exploring new possibilities in vaccine development. The direct implication of the results obtained is to open the way to experimentally validate more epitopes to increase the efficiency of the available treatments against dengue and to explore the methodology in other diseases.

$Research paper thumbnail of Identificaci\'on de nuevos medicamentos a trav\'es de m\'etodos computacionales$

Identificaci\'on de nuevos medicamentos a trav\'es de m\'etodos computacionales

arXiv: Other Quantitative Biology, 2010

Resumen: El desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos es un problema complejo que carece de una soluci\&#... more Resumen: El desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos es un problema complejo que carece de una soluci\'on \'unica y autom\'atica desde un punto de vista computacional, debido a la carencia de programas que permitan manejar grandes vol\'umenes de informaci\'on que est\'an distribuidos a lo largo de todo el mundo entre m\'ultiples bases de datos. Por ello se describe una metodolog\'ia que permita realizar experimentos in silico para la identificaci\'on actual de nuevos medicamentos. Abstract: The development of new drugs is a problem that nowadays has no solution in terms of computational power due to the lack of software for handling the big volume of available information; besides, these data are stored in multiple formats and are distributed all around the world. To resolve that, a development of an in silico drug design methodology.

A Mathematical Model of Cancer Under Radiotherapy

International journal of public health research, 2015

The goal of this paper is to suggest a three mathematical model description of the Lotka-Volterra... more The goal of this paper is to suggest a three mathematical model description of the Lotka-Volterra competition model type that could be used in understanding the action of radiation when the cancerous cells, the healthy cells and the cells that are triggered by the immune cells interact with each other. In order to do that, we analyze the model where there is only an interaction between the cancer and the normal cells. We extend the model to include immune response cells. Finally, we examine the effects of radiation therapy according to three different mathematical models.

Predicción computacional cuantitativa de epítopos de células B

This paper shows a computational approach for quantitative prediction of B cell epitopes. The fun... more This paper shows a computational approach for quantitative prediction of B cell epitopes. The function was defined, which reflects the average value of B epitopes, according to eight predictors of different B epitopes, as well as structural and energetic considerations of the origin protein. The proposed methodology could be useful to develop both dengue and chikungunya vaccines.

Proposal For An Early Warning System Against An AH 1 N 1 Influenza Pandemic In America 1

The objective of the present work is to propose a project for the design of a real time early war... more The objective of the present work is to propose a project for the design of a real time early warning system against the influenza virus AH1N1 in America. This early warning system would carefully monitor all cases of the AH1N1 influenza in 16 countries out of the 35 that make up the American continent. From the accumulated data, we will be able to calculate the basic reproduction number R0. This number indicates when an epidemic is occurring and thus will be able to generate alerts and inhibit the spread of the influenza pandemic. This proposed system uses a color code that is based on the alert phases previously defined by the World Health Organization in order to declare an outbreak as a pandemic. Finally, this methodology is validated by calculating the value of R0 in 16 American countries where cases of AH1N1 influenza have occurred in 2016.

Analysis of an SEIR-SEI four-strain epidemic dengue model with primary and secondary infections

We propose an SEIR model for the populations and an SEI model for the vector to describe the tran... more We propose an SEIR model for the populations and an SEI model for the vector to describe the transmission dynamics of a four-strain model with both primary and secondary dengue infections. In order to accomplish this, we propose and obtain an analytic solution of a system of 47 coupled differential equations. This would be the most complete epidemic model proposed to describe the dengue epidemic.

$Model 2. Two-strains model. In this case, the values i are 1 and 2 and the terms that are not zero are S',E'),E',I'1,I'2,S'1,S'2E'2,E's1,1'12,T'21,R',SV,E VE ve, I'v, and I'\2 whose equations are respectively:$

State of the art for Linear B-cell epitope in Plasmodium falciparum according to a bibliographical investigation

The goal of this investigation is to analyze the bibliographical references that are registered i... more The goal of this investigation is to analyze the bibliographical references that are registered in the IEDB database regarding the linear B-cell epitopes responsible for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in humans during the temporal period 1984 to 2018. The geographical origin of the samples and the relevant journals were obtained for the linear B-cell epitopes in Plasmodium falciparum according to the Similarity Index. This methodology can be applied to another disease.

Mathematical analysis of the spreading of a rumor among different subgroups of spreaders

This paper presents a system of differential equations that describes the spreading of a rumor wh... more This paper presents a system of differential equations that describes the spreading of a rumor when it is propagated by different subgroups of spreaders. The system that is developed is a generalization of the model proposed by Daley and Kendall. Finally, the system is applied to the exchange rate of the parallel dollar in Venezuela, where the source data that was used were obtained from Google Trends.