This paper presents the challenges in oil and gas development in Indonesia, especially in technic... more This paper presents the challenges in oil and gas development in Indonesia, especially in technical aspects. In upstream, this country faces the fact that the production as well as the proven reserves of oil is continuing to decline. The challenges are therefore on how to find new resources, how to develop frontier area and how to produce more oil from the remaining oil in place in the existing fields. The oil deposit and traps are small, but also complexes. Very limited primary data makes it difficult to have a discovery. More accurate, intensive and comprehensive exploration data are therefore needed which, in turn, will need the use of the most sophisticated exploration technology. On the other hand it isrecommend that Government of Indonesia should generate primary exploration data prior to oil and gas prospecting. Regarding production, there is still hope to maintain the production level by exploiting further the remaining oil in place, the effort of which will need the use of ...
Oksidasi katalitik karbon monoksida dilakukan menggunakan katalis yang dipreparasi dariplatina (P... more Oksidasi katalitik karbon monoksida dilakukan menggunakan katalis yang dipreparasi dariplatina (Pt) sebagai logam aktif, promotor logam serium (Ce) dan berpenyangga zeolit alam.Preparasi katalis dilakukan dengan metode impregnasi basah secara bertahap dengan variasikonsentrasi Ce dan urutan impregnasi Ce. Prekursor katalis kemudian dikalsinasi, direduksi dandikarakterisasi. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan difraktometer sinar-x menunjukkan adanyaperbedaan ukuran partikel dan ragam spesies logam Pt. Aktivitas katalitik pada oksidasi karbonmonoksida memberikan hasil konversi terbaik sebesar 99,63% pada temperatur 700°C.
Gangguan pasokan minyak mentah dan bahan bakar minyak berakibat parah kepadaperekonomian negara y... more Gangguan pasokan minyak mentah dan bahan bakar minyak berakibat parah kepadaperekonomian negara yang terkena, bahkan juga kepada situasi yang dapat menimbulkanketidakstabilan sosial politik. Untuk itu diperlukan cadangan penyangga energi untuk ketahananenergi negara tersebut.Keamanan energi Indonesia sudah dalam situasi rawan terhadap gangguan pasokan, baikdalam hal distribusi bahan bakar minyak di dalam negeri maupun dalam pengadaan impor minyakmentah untuk kilang-kilang di dalam negeri dan impor bahan bakar minyakUndang-undang dan peraturan-peraturan terkait sudah mengamanatkan ketersediaan energipenyangga ataupun cadangan strategis minyak bumi dan penyediaan bahan bakar minyak nasional.Disarankan agar Indonesia membangun simpanan minyak mentah dan bahan bakar minyak,pada tahap awal, sekurangnya untuk 30 hari impor.Tangki-tangki yang tidak terpakai sepenuhnya yang berada di Pertamina maupun di badanusaha kontrak kerja sama serta di depot-depot dan kilang-kilang dapat dimanfaatkan ...
Lemigas sebagai Litbang lewat program Evaluasi Mutu Minyak Bumi telah menginventarisasijenis dan ... more Lemigas sebagai Litbang lewat program Evaluasi Mutu Minyak Bumi telah menginventarisasijenis dan karakter minyak bumi Indonesia. Data jenis dan karakter minyak bumi Indonesia initelah disajikan dalam Buku Minyak Bumi Indonesia edisi 1 sampai 4 dan Pangkalan Data MinyakBumi Indonesia versi 1 sampai 3. Beberapa program atau pendekatan seperti Crude Oil Blendingdan Crude Oil Grading telah disusun untuk memanfaatkan data jenis dan karakter minyak bumiIndonesia tersebut. Dalam makalah ini dikemukakan suatu cara pemilihan minyak bumi substitusiumpan kilang sebagai pengganti minyak bumi umpan disain kilang. Cara pemilihan ini dilakukanlewat pendekatan jenis minyak bumi dan perolehan distilasi. Pendekatan lewat jenis minyak bumidilakukan untuk mendapatkan sifat produk minyak bumi yang dihasilkan sama atau lebih baikdari sifat produk yang dihasilkan umpan disain kilang. Pendekatan lewat yield distilasi dilakukanuntuk mendapatkan perolehan produk bumi yang dihasilkan sama atau mendekati perol...
PROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION Twenty-Sixth Annual Convention, May 1998 EXPERIMENT OF MICROBIAL CORE FLOODING USING MOLASES AS A SUPPLEMENT
Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) techniques have been developed for the oil industry. The r... more Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) techniques have been developed for the oil industry. The research and application of MEOR have been done in the United States, Europe, Australia, and some Asian countries. The reported results of this research have indicated good potential, especially when related to the world's environmental and energy supply problems.
Accuracy in reservoir performance prediction is a key in successful oil field management. There a... more Accuracy in reservoir performance prediction is a key in successful oil field management. There are methods available for this purpose including a reservoir simulation technique! This technique is normally used for its comprehensiveness and it's ability to design the desired scenarios to exploit the hydrocarbon resources. Modeling of a massive reservoir (average gross thickness exceeds 100 ft) using current reservoir simulation technology is quite attractive. However, modeling multi-layer reservoirs with more than 100 reservoir layers, such as reservoirs in deltaic environments, is prohibitive. This is due to the required cells to model these reservoirs, perhaps beyond the computer memory capacity. In this case, reservoir modeling is limited to a number of reservoirs. Other reservoir performance predictions are obtained by using an analogy method. Another technique to handle a multi-layer reservoir system is to use the Decline Curve Analysis. This paper proposes a method to pred...
Biosurfactant and Bioacid Producing Microbes from Indonesian Oil Fields
The recent vast advances in biotechnology incite renewed interest in applying microbially enhance... more The recent vast advances in biotechnology incite renewed interest in applying microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) as a possible energy efficient, environmental friendly solution for improving oil recovery, including in Indonesia. With the support of PERTAMINA Research Grant Programme, a study was conducted at LEMIGAS Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology to isolate and characterize micro-organisms found in Indonesian oil fields, with the view of identifying those which have potential to be developed for utilization in MEOR. Sixteen isolates of microbes from oil field environments in the Cepu, Cirebon and Rantau areas have been identified and determined. Five species were found to have higher growth rate in hydrocarbon adulterated medium. The following species were recorded to have been able to reduce interfacial tension, thus indicating that they do produce biosurfactant in their metabolism: S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, B. lathero...
Assessment of microorganisms from Indonesian Oil Fields
Petroleum resources have been the mainstay of the national development in Indonesia. However, res... more Petroleum resources have been the mainstay of the national development in Indonesia. However, resources are being depleted after over a century of exploitation, while the demand continues to grow with the rapid economic development of the country. In facing the problem, EOR has been applied in Indonesia, such as the steamflooding project in Duri field, but a more energy efficient technology would be preferable. Therefore, MEOR has been recommended as a promising solution. Our study, aimed at finding indigenous microorganisms which can be developed for application in MEOR, has isolated microbes from some oil fields of Indonesia. These microorganisms have been identified, their activities studied, and the effects of their metabolisms examined. This paper describes the research carried out by LEMIGAS in this respect, giving details on the methods of sampling, incubation, identification, and activation of the microbes as well as tests on the effects of their metabolites, with particular...
Optimalisasi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Biodiesel dengan Katalis NaOH
Telah dilakukan percobaan sintesis biodiesel melalui transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) ... more Telah dilakukan percobaan sintesis biodiesel melalui transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) dengan metanol dan NaOH sebagai katalisnya. Untuk memperoleh kondisi operasi yang optimum maka beberapa variabel proses digunakan seperti konsentrasi katalis NaOH yang konsentrasinya antara 0,46-1,84%-berat, rasio molar Metanol/CPO yang besarnya sekitar 6-12, waktu reaksi antara 15-120 menit dan temperatur reaksi sekitar 50-65°C. Variabel yang optimal tersebut dipakai untuk memaksimalkan perolehan metil ester (biodiesel). Dalam studi ini perolehan biodiesel yang maksimal adalah sekitar 99%-berat. Produk tersebut dapat diperoleh pada kondisi operasi optimum sebagai berikut : konsentrasi NaOH = 1,38%, rasio molar = 10, waktu reaksi = 60 menit dan temperatur = 60°C. Karakteristik biodesel yang dihasilkan seperti viskositas kinematis, berat jenis, titik nyala dan sebagainya, masih berada pada batasan yang tercantum dalam SNI Biodiesel.
Solvent extraction of aromatics from middle distillates
Chemical Engineering Science, 1984
... Selatan), Indonesia and PAUL MIKITENKO and LIONEL ASSELINEAU Institut Francais du Petrole, 4,... more ... Selatan), Indonesia and PAUL MIKITENKO and LIONEL ASSELINEAU Institut Francais du Petrole, 4, Avenue du Bois Preau, 92, RudI Mainiaison, France ... SLE data were measured by the sealedtube method which is similar to the one described by McLaughlin and Zainal[3]. For ...
Since 1994 Indonesia has not built any new refineries due to the economic crisis in1998, which wa... more Since 1994 Indonesia has not built any new refineries due to the economic crisis in1998, which was followed by political reform. Last year Indonesia had imported more than400 thousand bpd (barrel per day) of petroleum products. On the supply side, Pertamina’srefinery capacity of 1,050 thousand bpd produces only up to 750 thousand bpd of petroleumfuels or 68 % of domestic consumption.A study has been conducted on the refining development in Indonesia up to year 2030.According to a projection based on reference scenario, in year 2030 Indonesia will consume2.60 million bpd of petroleum fuels. If security of supply approach is taken intoconsideration, Indonesia will require 3 million bpd of total refinery capacity. New refineriesproducing additional 2 million bpd have to be constructed in order to fulfill domesticdemand for petroleum fuels. The additional new refineries would then be on-stream one byone with 300 thousand bpd of capacity starting from year 2015, and would be built nearco...
This paper presents the challenges in oil and gas development in Indonesia, especially in technic... more This paper presents the challenges in oil and gas development in Indonesia, especially in technical aspects. In upstream, this country faces the fact that the production as well as the proven reserves of oil is continuing to decline. The challenges are therefore on how to find new resources, how to develop frontier area and how to produce more oil from the remaining oil in place in the existing fields. The oil deposit and traps are small, but also complexes. Very limited primary data makes it difficult to have a discovery. More accurate, intensive and comprehensive exploration data are therefore needed which, in turn, will need the use of the most sophisticated exploration technology. On the other hand it isrecommend that Government of Indonesia should generate primary exploration data prior to oil and gas prospecting. Regarding production, there is still hope to maintain the production level by exploiting further the remaining oil in place, the effort of which will need the use of ...
Oksidasi katalitik karbon monoksida dilakukan menggunakan katalis yang dipreparasi dariplatina (P... more Oksidasi katalitik karbon monoksida dilakukan menggunakan katalis yang dipreparasi dariplatina (Pt) sebagai logam aktif, promotor logam serium (Ce) dan berpenyangga zeolit alam.Preparasi katalis dilakukan dengan metode impregnasi basah secara bertahap dengan variasikonsentrasi Ce dan urutan impregnasi Ce. Prekursor katalis kemudian dikalsinasi, direduksi dandikarakterisasi. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan difraktometer sinar-x menunjukkan adanyaperbedaan ukuran partikel dan ragam spesies logam Pt. Aktivitas katalitik pada oksidasi karbonmonoksida memberikan hasil konversi terbaik sebesar 99,63% pada temperatur 700°C.
Gangguan pasokan minyak mentah dan bahan bakar minyak berakibat parah kepadaperekonomian negara y... more Gangguan pasokan minyak mentah dan bahan bakar minyak berakibat parah kepadaperekonomian negara yang terkena, bahkan juga kepada situasi yang dapat menimbulkanketidakstabilan sosial politik. Untuk itu diperlukan cadangan penyangga energi untuk ketahananenergi negara tersebut.Keamanan energi Indonesia sudah dalam situasi rawan terhadap gangguan pasokan, baikdalam hal distribusi bahan bakar minyak di dalam negeri maupun dalam pengadaan impor minyakmentah untuk kilang-kilang di dalam negeri dan impor bahan bakar minyakUndang-undang dan peraturan-peraturan terkait sudah mengamanatkan ketersediaan energipenyangga ataupun cadangan strategis minyak bumi dan penyediaan bahan bakar minyak nasional.Disarankan agar Indonesia membangun simpanan minyak mentah dan bahan bakar minyak,pada tahap awal, sekurangnya untuk 30 hari impor.Tangki-tangki yang tidak terpakai sepenuhnya yang berada di Pertamina maupun di badanusaha kontrak kerja sama serta di depot-depot dan kilang-kilang dapat dimanfaatkan ...
Lemigas sebagai Litbang lewat program Evaluasi Mutu Minyak Bumi telah menginventarisasijenis dan ... more Lemigas sebagai Litbang lewat program Evaluasi Mutu Minyak Bumi telah menginventarisasijenis dan karakter minyak bumi Indonesia. Data jenis dan karakter minyak bumi Indonesia initelah disajikan dalam Buku Minyak Bumi Indonesia edisi 1 sampai 4 dan Pangkalan Data MinyakBumi Indonesia versi 1 sampai 3. Beberapa program atau pendekatan seperti Crude Oil Blendingdan Crude Oil Grading telah disusun untuk memanfaatkan data jenis dan karakter minyak bumiIndonesia tersebut. Dalam makalah ini dikemukakan suatu cara pemilihan minyak bumi substitusiumpan kilang sebagai pengganti minyak bumi umpan disain kilang. Cara pemilihan ini dilakukanlewat pendekatan jenis minyak bumi dan perolehan distilasi. Pendekatan lewat jenis minyak bumidilakukan untuk mendapatkan sifat produk minyak bumi yang dihasilkan sama atau lebih baikdari sifat produk yang dihasilkan umpan disain kilang. Pendekatan lewat yield distilasi dilakukanuntuk mendapatkan perolehan produk bumi yang dihasilkan sama atau mendekati perol...
PROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION Twenty-Sixth Annual Convention, May 1998 EXPERIMENT OF MICROBIAL CORE FLOODING USING MOLASES AS A SUPPLEMENT
Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) techniques have been developed for the oil industry. The r... more Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) techniques have been developed for the oil industry. The research and application of MEOR have been done in the United States, Europe, Australia, and some Asian countries. The reported results of this research have indicated good potential, especially when related to the world's environmental and energy supply problems.
Accuracy in reservoir performance prediction is a key in successful oil field management. There a... more Accuracy in reservoir performance prediction is a key in successful oil field management. There are methods available for this purpose including a reservoir simulation technique! This technique is normally used for its comprehensiveness and it's ability to design the desired scenarios to exploit the hydrocarbon resources. Modeling of a massive reservoir (average gross thickness exceeds 100 ft) using current reservoir simulation technology is quite attractive. However, modeling multi-layer reservoirs with more than 100 reservoir layers, such as reservoirs in deltaic environments, is prohibitive. This is due to the required cells to model these reservoirs, perhaps beyond the computer memory capacity. In this case, reservoir modeling is limited to a number of reservoirs. Other reservoir performance predictions are obtained by using an analogy method. Another technique to handle a multi-layer reservoir system is to use the Decline Curve Analysis. This paper proposes a method to pred...
Biosurfactant and Bioacid Producing Microbes from Indonesian Oil Fields
The recent vast advances in biotechnology incite renewed interest in applying microbially enhance... more The recent vast advances in biotechnology incite renewed interest in applying microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) as a possible energy efficient, environmental friendly solution for improving oil recovery, including in Indonesia. With the support of PERTAMINA Research Grant Programme, a study was conducted at LEMIGAS Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology to isolate and characterize micro-organisms found in Indonesian oil fields, with the view of identifying those which have potential to be developed for utilization in MEOR. Sixteen isolates of microbes from oil field environments in the Cepu, Cirebon and Rantau areas have been identified and determined. Five species were found to have higher growth rate in hydrocarbon adulterated medium. The following species were recorded to have been able to reduce interfacial tension, thus indicating that they do produce biosurfactant in their metabolism: S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, B. lathero...
Assessment of microorganisms from Indonesian Oil Fields
Petroleum resources have been the mainstay of the national development in Indonesia. However, res... more Petroleum resources have been the mainstay of the national development in Indonesia. However, resources are being depleted after over a century of exploitation, while the demand continues to grow with the rapid economic development of the country. In facing the problem, EOR has been applied in Indonesia, such as the steamflooding project in Duri field, but a more energy efficient technology would be preferable. Therefore, MEOR has been recommended as a promising solution. Our study, aimed at finding indigenous microorganisms which can be developed for application in MEOR, has isolated microbes from some oil fields of Indonesia. These microorganisms have been identified, their activities studied, and the effects of their metabolisms examined. This paper describes the research carried out by LEMIGAS in this respect, giving details on the methods of sampling, incubation, identification, and activation of the microbes as well as tests on the effects of their metabolites, with particular...
Optimalisasi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Biodiesel dengan Katalis NaOH
Telah dilakukan percobaan sintesis biodiesel melalui transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) ... more Telah dilakukan percobaan sintesis biodiesel melalui transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) dengan metanol dan NaOH sebagai katalisnya. Untuk memperoleh kondisi operasi yang optimum maka beberapa variabel proses digunakan seperti konsentrasi katalis NaOH yang konsentrasinya antara 0,46-1,84%-berat, rasio molar Metanol/CPO yang besarnya sekitar 6-12, waktu reaksi antara 15-120 menit dan temperatur reaksi sekitar 50-65°C. Variabel yang optimal tersebut dipakai untuk memaksimalkan perolehan metil ester (biodiesel). Dalam studi ini perolehan biodiesel yang maksimal adalah sekitar 99%-berat. Produk tersebut dapat diperoleh pada kondisi operasi optimum sebagai berikut : konsentrasi NaOH = 1,38%, rasio molar = 10, waktu reaksi = 60 menit dan temperatur = 60°C. Karakteristik biodesel yang dihasilkan seperti viskositas kinematis, berat jenis, titik nyala dan sebagainya, masih berada pada batasan yang tercantum dalam SNI Biodiesel.
Solvent extraction of aromatics from middle distillates
Chemical Engineering Science, 1984
... Selatan), Indonesia and PAUL MIKITENKO and LIONEL ASSELINEAU Institut Francais du Petrole, 4,... more ... Selatan), Indonesia and PAUL MIKITENKO and LIONEL ASSELINEAU Institut Francais du Petrole, 4, Avenue du Bois Preau, 92, RudI Mainiaison, France ... SLE data were measured by the sealedtube method which is similar to the one described by McLaughlin and Zainal[3]. For ...
Since 1994 Indonesia has not built any new refineries due to the economic crisis in1998, which wa... more Since 1994 Indonesia has not built any new refineries due to the economic crisis in1998, which was followed by political reform. Last year Indonesia had imported more than400 thousand bpd (barrel per day) of petroleum products. On the supply side, Pertamina’srefinery capacity of 1,050 thousand bpd produces only up to 750 thousand bpd of petroleumfuels or 68 % of domestic consumption.A study has been conducted on the refining development in Indonesia up to year 2030.According to a projection based on reference scenario, in year 2030 Indonesia will consume2.60 million bpd of petroleum fuels. If security of supply approach is taken intoconsideration, Indonesia will require 3 million bpd of total refinery capacity. New refineriesproducing additional 2 million bpd have to be constructed in order to fulfill domesticdemand for petroleum fuels. The additional new refineries would then be on-stream one byone with 300 thousand bpd of capacity starting from year 2015, and would be built nearco...
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