This chapter describes the design and outcomes of the pilot test assessing the feasibility of imp... more This chapter describes the design and outcomes of the pilot test assessing the feasibility of implementing U-Multirank. The authors outline the construction of the global sample of institutions that participated in the pilot test and discuss the feasibility of the data collection ...
This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union EU in what is now perhap... more This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union EU in what is now perhaps the most important Ž . enabling technology worldwide: information and communication technologies ICT . The performance measures are based on the stock and flows of scientific knowledge embodied in research papers published in international scientific and technical journals. Quantitative data derived from these papers are used to examine and compare the performance of the EU science base with the US and Japan-two leading scientific nations in ICT research, and major competitors in ICT industries. These bibliometric indicators characterize and compare these three ICT research bases in terms of research output, international scientific quality, transnational knowledge flows, and domestic and international cooperation patterns. The analysis focuses on the key issue whether or not these data bear evidence of the perceived 'European Paradox' which is, among others, characterized by a strong EU public sector science base coupled to a relatively weak R & D performance of EU firms. The findings provide empirical confirmation for the existence of this Paradox in both ICT research domains under investigation: computers and data processing, and telecommunications. q
International scientific co-operation (ISC) and awareness are topics of increasing interest for b... more International scientific co-operation (ISC) and awareness are topics of increasing interest for both scientists and science policy makers. In this paper, we adopt primarily the science policy point of view. After a concise overview of the literature we summarize the main results of the research we conducted. The main outcome with respect to ISC is that it increases. However, large ~ifferences exist between countries and between scientific disciplines. ISC and awareness constitute a complex phenomenon, affected by several factors, science-internal, as well as external. In the paper several techniques are described, amongst which those that can visualize ISC relations through analytical maps. An important aspect of our research methodology is the combination of various quantitative, bibliometric analyses and qualitative research on the structure of science and the relations between science and society. Finally, we sketch perspectives for future research. Scientometrics 21 (1991) Elsevier, Amsterdam -Oxford -New York -Tokyo Akad~miai Kiad6 H.F. MOED, et al.: INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION WITHIN EC
Assessing multidisciplinary areas of science and technology: A synthetic bibliometric study of Dutch nuclear energy research
Scientometrics, 1993
This paper presents a selection of results of a comprehensive quantitative, research literature-b... more This paper presents a selection of results of a comprehensive quantitative, research literature-based study of Dutch energy research. The primary goal of this paper is to provide an overview of what bibliometric data from ISI and non-ISI databases may offer to describe the state of affairs in a scientific field. It illustrates the added value of combining bibliometric indicators of publication output, international visibility, international co-operation, and interdisciplinarity in a study of nuclear energy research in the 1980's when its budget decreased dramatically.
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2015
We have developed and tested an evidence-based method for early-stage identification of scientifi... more We have developed and tested an evidence-based method for early-stage identification of scientific discoveries. Scholarly publications are analyzed to track and trace breakthrough processes as well as their impact on world science. The focus in this study is on the incremental discovery of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in the late 1970s by a small international team of collaborating researchers. Analysis of their groundbreaking research articles, all produced within a relatively short period of time, and the network of citing articles shows the cumulative effects of the intense collaboration within a small group of researchers working on the same subject. Using bibliographic data from the Web of Science database and the PATSTAT patents database in combination with expert opinions shows that these discoveries accumulated into a new technology. These first findings suggest that potential breakthrough discoveries can be identified at a relatively early stage by careful analysis of publication and citation patterns.
This paper analysed the citations of patents to science-and non-science-based references as an ag... more This paper analysed the citations of patents to science-and non-science-based references as an agency of the linkage between technology and science. A review of the literature identified a variety of techniques of measuring science linkage (SL) with various results. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the differences between science-based SL and nonscience-based linkage (NSL). Patent data were collected from the United States Patent and Trademark Office database for the past two decades. Results showed a phenomenon of rapidly growing NSL of patents at different levels of technological fields and firms. In addition, field-and firm-specific differences in the linkages between science and technology were identified. This study analysed various types of SL performances of the top 20 firms in the Computers and Communications field and found that science-technology linkages were stronger in Lucent, Mitsubishi and Microsoft. It is worth noting that Texas Instruments (TI) was ranked thirteenth in science-based SL but third in Relative SL Ratio. Based on the Relative SL Ratio, TI's science-based SL was much higher than its NSL.
In the increasingly competitive and globalising world of higher education, the future of universi... more In the increasingly competitive and globalising world of higher education, the future of universities relies on how successfully they interact with their environment. Collaborative linkages with research partners, including industry, can prove vital for research intensive universities. However, indicator-based assessments of academic performance may not sufficiently capture those linkages with private sector partners and processes of direct interaction with industry. This article introduces an analytical framework and associated performance indicators that may contribute to effective assessments, monitoring and evaluation of research cooperation with industry and other business enterprises. The empirical information is extracted from ‘university-industry co-authored research publications’ that can be gathered from publicly available bibliographical databases or from a university’s in-house information systems. The analytical power of this evidence-based approach is illustrated by wa...
This paper applies a new model and analytical tool to measure and study contemporary globalizatio... more This paper applies a new model and analytical tool to measure and study contemporary globalization processes in collaborative science - a world in which scientists, scholars, technicians and engineers interact within a 'grid' of interconnected research sites and collaboration networks. The building blocks of our metrics are the cities where scientific research is conducted, as mentioned in author addresses on research publications. The unit of analysis is the geographical distance between those cities. In our macro-level trend analysis, covering the years 2000-2010, we observe that research collaboration distances have been increasing, while the share of collaborative contacts with foreign cities has leveled off. Collaboration distances and growth rates differ significantly between countries and between fields of science. The application of a distance metrics to compare and track these processes opens avenues for further studies, both at the meso-level and at the micro-level...
Scientists collaborate increasingly on a global scale. Does this trend also hold for other biblio... more Scientists collaborate increasingly on a global scale. Does this trend also hold for other bibliometric relations such as direct citations, cocitations and shared references? This study examines citation-based relations in publications published in the journal Scientometrics from 1981 to 2010. Different measures of Mean Geographical Distance (MGD) are tested. If we take all citation links into consideration, there is no indication of MGD increase, but when we look at maximum distances of each relation, a weak tendency of increasing MGD could be observed. One major factor behind the lack of growth of mean distances is the form of the distribution of citation links over distances. Our data suggest that the interactions might grow simultaneously for both short and long distances.
This chapter describes the design and outcomes of the pilot test assessing the feasibility of imp... more This chapter describes the design and outcomes of the pilot test assessing the feasibility of implementing U-Multirank. The authors outline the construction of the global sample of institutions that participated in the pilot test and discuss the feasibility of the data collection ...
This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union EU in what is now perhap... more This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union EU in what is now perhaps the most important Ž . enabling technology worldwide: information and communication technologies ICT . The performance measures are based on the stock and flows of scientific knowledge embodied in research papers published in international scientific and technical journals. Quantitative data derived from these papers are used to examine and compare the performance of the EU science base with the US and Japan-two leading scientific nations in ICT research, and major competitors in ICT industries. These bibliometric indicators characterize and compare these three ICT research bases in terms of research output, international scientific quality, transnational knowledge flows, and domestic and international cooperation patterns. The analysis focuses on the key issue whether or not these data bear evidence of the perceived 'European Paradox' which is, among others, characterized by a strong EU public sector science base coupled to a relatively weak R & D performance of EU firms. The findings provide empirical confirmation for the existence of this Paradox in both ICT research domains under investigation: computers and data processing, and telecommunications. q
International scientific co-operation (ISC) and awareness are topics of increasing interest for b... more International scientific co-operation (ISC) and awareness are topics of increasing interest for both scientists and science policy makers. In this paper, we adopt primarily the science policy point of view. After a concise overview of the literature we summarize the main results of the research we conducted. The main outcome with respect to ISC is that it increases. However, large ~ifferences exist between countries and between scientific disciplines. ISC and awareness constitute a complex phenomenon, affected by several factors, science-internal, as well as external. In the paper several techniques are described, amongst which those that can visualize ISC relations through analytical maps. An important aspect of our research methodology is the combination of various quantitative, bibliometric analyses and qualitative research on the structure of science and the relations between science and society. Finally, we sketch perspectives for future research. Scientometrics 21 (1991) Elsevier, Amsterdam -Oxford -New York -Tokyo Akad~miai Kiad6 H.F. MOED, et al.: INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION WITHIN EC
Assessing multidisciplinary areas of science and technology: A synthetic bibliometric study of Dutch nuclear energy research
Scientometrics, 1993
This paper presents a selection of results of a comprehensive quantitative, research literature-b... more This paper presents a selection of results of a comprehensive quantitative, research literature-based study of Dutch energy research. The primary goal of this paper is to provide an overview of what bibliometric data from ISI and non-ISI databases may offer to describe the state of affairs in a scientific field. It illustrates the added value of combining bibliometric indicators of publication output, international visibility, international co-operation, and interdisciplinarity in a study of nuclear energy research in the 1980's when its budget decreased dramatically.
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2015
We have developed and tested an evidence-based method for early-stage identification of scientifi... more We have developed and tested an evidence-based method for early-stage identification of scientific discoveries. Scholarly publications are analyzed to track and trace breakthrough processes as well as their impact on world science. The focus in this study is on the incremental discovery of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in the late 1970s by a small international team of collaborating researchers. Analysis of their groundbreaking research articles, all produced within a relatively short period of time, and the network of citing articles shows the cumulative effects of the intense collaboration within a small group of researchers working on the same subject. Using bibliographic data from the Web of Science database and the PATSTAT patents database in combination with expert opinions shows that these discoveries accumulated into a new technology. These first findings suggest that potential breakthrough discoveries can be identified at a relatively early stage by careful analysis of publication and citation patterns.
This paper analysed the citations of patents to science-and non-science-based references as an ag... more This paper analysed the citations of patents to science-and non-science-based references as an agency of the linkage between technology and science. A review of the literature identified a variety of techniques of measuring science linkage (SL) with various results. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the differences between science-based SL and nonscience-based linkage (NSL). Patent data were collected from the United States Patent and Trademark Office database for the past two decades. Results showed a phenomenon of rapidly growing NSL of patents at different levels of technological fields and firms. In addition, field-and firm-specific differences in the linkages between science and technology were identified. This study analysed various types of SL performances of the top 20 firms in the Computers and Communications field and found that science-technology linkages were stronger in Lucent, Mitsubishi and Microsoft. It is worth noting that Texas Instruments (TI) was ranked thirteenth in science-based SL but third in Relative SL Ratio. Based on the Relative SL Ratio, TI's science-based SL was much higher than its NSL.
In the increasingly competitive and globalising world of higher education, the future of universi... more In the increasingly competitive and globalising world of higher education, the future of universities relies on how successfully they interact with their environment. Collaborative linkages with research partners, including industry, can prove vital for research intensive universities. However, indicator-based assessments of academic performance may not sufficiently capture those linkages with private sector partners and processes of direct interaction with industry. This article introduces an analytical framework and associated performance indicators that may contribute to effective assessments, monitoring and evaluation of research cooperation with industry and other business enterprises. The empirical information is extracted from ‘university-industry co-authored research publications’ that can be gathered from publicly available bibliographical databases or from a university’s in-house information systems. The analytical power of this evidence-based approach is illustrated by wa...
This paper applies a new model and analytical tool to measure and study contemporary globalizatio... more This paper applies a new model and analytical tool to measure and study contemporary globalization processes in collaborative science - a world in which scientists, scholars, technicians and engineers interact within a 'grid' of interconnected research sites and collaboration networks. The building blocks of our metrics are the cities where scientific research is conducted, as mentioned in author addresses on research publications. The unit of analysis is the geographical distance between those cities. In our macro-level trend analysis, covering the years 2000-2010, we observe that research collaboration distances have been increasing, while the share of collaborative contacts with foreign cities has leveled off. Collaboration distances and growth rates differ significantly between countries and between fields of science. The application of a distance metrics to compare and track these processes opens avenues for further studies, both at the meso-level and at the micro-level...
Scientists collaborate increasingly on a global scale. Does this trend also hold for other biblio... more Scientists collaborate increasingly on a global scale. Does this trend also hold for other bibliometric relations such as direct citations, cocitations and shared references? This study examines citation-based relations in publications published in the journal Scientometrics from 1981 to 2010. Different measures of Mean Geographical Distance (MGD) are tested. If we take all citation links into consideration, there is no indication of MGD increase, but when we look at maximum distances of each relation, a weak tendency of increasing MGD could be observed. One major factor behind the lack of growth of mean distances is the form of the distribution of citation links over distances. Our data suggest that the interactions might grow simultaneously for both short and long distances.
This is an introduction of four case studies, conducted at different universities in Asia and Eur... more This is an introduction of four case studies, conducted at different universities in Asia and Europe, on university-industry research cooperation and related interactions.
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Papers by Robert Tijssen