Sarah Inskip
My research views the human body as a product of society and how skeletal remains can be used to analyse changes in social identities, like other forms of material culture. As skeletal data and funerary evidence are in fact a product of the same social system, they should be used complement each other. Accordingly my research integrates skeletal evidence of identity, established methods based on funerary archaeology with evidence from material culture. I believe that this produces a stronger, more complete picture of societies which are not structured along our modern divisions of disciplines within archaeology.
My doctoral research, based at the University of Southampton, assessed the impact of changing faith on identities in early Medieval Spain, focusing in particular on how gender identities changed with the conversion to Islam. By integrating grave evidence such as burial orientation and grave type with changing patterns of activity markers on human skeletal remains, I was able to demonstrate that female activity patterns changed little over time and remained similar between non-Islamic and Islamic women. Men however had different skeletal activity patterns to those of the preceding Visigoths. As Islam is a ritual, practice based faith, it seems that men, who were operating in the public area, would be more likely to change their activities in accordance with faith. In this research I have developed an innovative strategy for studying religious identity, an area that still lags behind research into gender, age and ethnic identity.
As part of a wider project on the Medieval Islamic population in Écija (Iberia) working with Dr Zakrzewski (Southampton), I have undertaken strontium stable isotope analysis in order to identify non-local individuals. The results of this analysis will be combined with non-metric traits and craniometrics to answer questions on the mobility and movement in the region. This data will be added to current debates on the arrival of Islam in the region, conversion and migration.
I am currently co-ordinating a research project reanalysing the Anglo-Saxon cemetery from Great Chesterford. This has included collaborative work with Durham analysing tuberculosis DNA. Re-examination of the skeletal material revealed a high proportion of individuals with physical impairments that could be seen as debilitating. This included tuberculosis, traumatic lesions, leprosy and various congenital disorders. As disability results from environment rather than solely of impairment, to understand disability in the past it is critical that evidence from other areas of archaeology and history are taken into account. Accordingly, my project aims to take a holistic approach to explore the concept of disability in the Anglo-Saxon period. Therefore skeletal evidence of impairment has been combined with data from burial rites, evidence for the treatment of pathology and historical documentation on the social attitudes towards individuals perceived to be different.
I am also member of a cross departmental research project with the Centre for Learning Anatomical Science (School of Medicine) at the University of Southampton. This group aims to combine methodology and knowledge from the field of osteoarchaeology to modern anatomical and medical research. The current project has assessed the types and frequencies of blood vessel pathways in the skull with a view to assisting surgical intervention. Primary research has produced promising results which may indicate sex differences. Ongoing research is now focusing on biological ethnicity variation in the distribution and presentation of blood vessel pathways.
My doctoral research, based at the University of Southampton, assessed the impact of changing faith on identities in early Medieval Spain, focusing in particular on how gender identities changed with the conversion to Islam. By integrating grave evidence such as burial orientation and grave type with changing patterns of activity markers on human skeletal remains, I was able to demonstrate that female activity patterns changed little over time and remained similar between non-Islamic and Islamic women. Men however had different skeletal activity patterns to those of the preceding Visigoths. As Islam is a ritual, practice based faith, it seems that men, who were operating in the public area, would be more likely to change their activities in accordance with faith. In this research I have developed an innovative strategy for studying religious identity, an area that still lags behind research into gender, age and ethnic identity.
As part of a wider project on the Medieval Islamic population in Écija (Iberia) working with Dr Zakrzewski (Southampton), I have undertaken strontium stable isotope analysis in order to identify non-local individuals. The results of this analysis will be combined with non-metric traits and craniometrics to answer questions on the mobility and movement in the region. This data will be added to current debates on the arrival of Islam in the region, conversion and migration.
I am currently co-ordinating a research project reanalysing the Anglo-Saxon cemetery from Great Chesterford. This has included collaborative work with Durham analysing tuberculosis DNA. Re-examination of the skeletal material revealed a high proportion of individuals with physical impairments that could be seen as debilitating. This included tuberculosis, traumatic lesions, leprosy and various congenital disorders. As disability results from environment rather than solely of impairment, to understand disability in the past it is critical that evidence from other areas of archaeology and history are taken into account. Accordingly, my project aims to take a holistic approach to explore the concept of disability in the Anglo-Saxon period. Therefore skeletal evidence of impairment has been combined with data from burial rites, evidence for the treatment of pathology and historical documentation on the social attitudes towards individuals perceived to be different.
I am also member of a cross departmental research project with the Centre for Learning Anatomical Science (School of Medicine) at the University of Southampton. This group aims to combine methodology and knowledge from the field of osteoarchaeology to modern anatomical and medical research. The current project has assessed the types and frequencies of blood vessel pathways in the skull with a view to assisting surgical intervention. Primary research has produced promising results which may indicate sex differences. Ongoing research is now focusing on biological ethnicity variation in the distribution and presentation of blood vessel pathways.
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Papers by Sarah Inskip
from the dimensions of the basal occipital have been published. However, as there is limited exploration of basal dimension variation between groups, the accuracy of these functions when applied to archaeological material is unknown.
This study compares basal dimensions between four known
sex-at-death post-medieval European samples and explores
how metric differences impact on the accuracy of sex assessment discriminant functions. Published data from St Bride’s,
London (n = 146) and the Georges Olivier collection, Paris
(n = 68) were compared with new data from the eighteenth to
nineteenth century Dutch Middenbeemster sample (n = 74)
and the early twentieth century Rainer sample, Romania
(n = 282) using independent t tests. The Middenbeemster
and Rainer data were substituted into six published discriminant functions derived from the St Bride’s and the Georges
Olivier samples, and the results were compared to their known
sex. Multiple statistically significant differences were found
between the four groups. Of the six discriminant functions
tested, five failed to reach the published accuracy and fell
below chance. In addition, even where the samples were statistically comparable in means, trends for difference also impacted the accuracy of discriminant functions. Enough variation in basal occipital dimensions existed in the European
groups to decrease the accuracy of sex estimation discriminant
functions to unusable. Possible inter-observer error, varying
genetic, socioeconomic, and geographical factors are likely
causes of dimension variation. This research further highlights
the dangers of using sex estimation discriminant functions on
samples that differ to the original derivative population and
demonstrates the need for more rigorous testing.
Verena J. Schuenemann , Charlotte Avanzi , Ben Krause-Kyora , Alexander Seitz , Alexander Herbig, Sarah Inskip, Marion Bonazzi, Ella Reiter, Christian Urban, Dorthe Dangvard Pedersen, G. Michael Taylor, Pushpendra Singh, Graham R. Stewart, Petr Velemínský, Jakub Likovsky †, Antónia Marcsik, Erika Molnár, György Pálfi, Valentina Mariotti, Alessandro Riga, M. Giovanna Belcastro, Jesper L. Boldsen, Almut Nebel, Simon Mays, Helen D. Donoghue, Sonia Zakrzewski, Andrej Benjak, Kay Nieselt , Stewart T. Cole , Johannes Krause
to explore the north-western extent of the sacred falcon necropolis. The spring 2010 season focused
on test trenches at Quesna and the continued reconstruction of ceramic coffins excavated in previous
seasons. The trenches on the northern edge of the gezira yielded further information relating to the
Ptolemaic to Roman cemetery, with a pit burial and further ceramic coffin burials, and for the first time at the site Old Kingdom contexts were located. The trench in the falcon necropolis focused on the north-western corner of the structure at the western end of the falcon necropolis and revealed a sequence of robbing episodes that had occurred in the past.
from the dimensions of the basal occipital have been published. However, as there is limited exploration of basal dimension variation between groups, the accuracy of these functions when applied to archaeological material is unknown.
This study compares basal dimensions between four known
sex-at-death post-medieval European samples and explores
how metric differences impact on the accuracy of sex assessment discriminant functions. Published data from St Bride’s,
London (n = 146) and the Georges Olivier collection, Paris
(n = 68) were compared with new data from the eighteenth to
nineteenth century Dutch Middenbeemster sample (n = 74)
and the early twentieth century Rainer sample, Romania
(n = 282) using independent t tests. The Middenbeemster
and Rainer data were substituted into six published discriminant functions derived from the St Bride’s and the Georges
Olivier samples, and the results were compared to their known
sex. Multiple statistically significant differences were found
between the four groups. Of the six discriminant functions
tested, five failed to reach the published accuracy and fell
below chance. In addition, even where the samples were statistically comparable in means, trends for difference also impacted the accuracy of discriminant functions. Enough variation in basal occipital dimensions existed in the European
groups to decrease the accuracy of sex estimation discriminant
functions to unusable. Possible inter-observer error, varying
genetic, socioeconomic, and geographical factors are likely
causes of dimension variation. This research further highlights
the dangers of using sex estimation discriminant functions on
samples that differ to the original derivative population and
demonstrates the need for more rigorous testing.
Verena J. Schuenemann , Charlotte Avanzi , Ben Krause-Kyora , Alexander Seitz , Alexander Herbig, Sarah Inskip, Marion Bonazzi, Ella Reiter, Christian Urban, Dorthe Dangvard Pedersen, G. Michael Taylor, Pushpendra Singh, Graham R. Stewart, Petr Velemínský, Jakub Likovsky †, Antónia Marcsik, Erika Molnár, György Pálfi, Valentina Mariotti, Alessandro Riga, M. Giovanna Belcastro, Jesper L. Boldsen, Almut Nebel, Simon Mays, Helen D. Donoghue, Sonia Zakrzewski, Andrej Benjak, Kay Nieselt , Stewart T. Cole , Johannes Krause
to explore the north-western extent of the sacred falcon necropolis. The spring 2010 season focused
on test trenches at Quesna and the continued reconstruction of ceramic coffins excavated in previous
seasons. The trenches on the northern edge of the gezira yielded further information relating to the
Ptolemaic to Roman cemetery, with a pit burial and further ceramic coffin burials, and for the first time at the site Old Kingdom contexts were located. The trench in the falcon necropolis focused on the north-western corner of the structure at the western end of the falcon necropolis and revealed a sequence of robbing episodes that had occurred in the past.
All four pterion morphologies were present: sphenoparietal (69%), epipteric (27%), frontotemporal (2%) and stellate (1%). The location of the pterion varied between left and right sides in both males and females. There were significant differences between the pterion location in male and female skulls (P < 0.05), however, no significant differences were found between left and right sides. The MMA primarily passed beneath the pterion (82.5%), or posterior to it (17%), and involved the sphenoid, parietal and temporal bones; it typically travelled in a ‘sphenoid to parietal’ direction. Meningeal tunnels were present in 64.1% of skull sides, showing a greater prevalence in females than males (P < 0.05).
Variations in pterion morphology and location were compared with other ethnicities. These variations, combined with the detailed documentation of the MMA’s relationship with the pterion, may be useful to neurosurgeons when considering the pterional approach by providing more accurate information for estimating the position of the pterion, and its relationship with important anatomical structures."
The University of Southampton Department of Archaeology will host a free conference on Islamic Archaeology on 20th April 2013, addressing these issues. This conference aims to bring together post-graduate, post-doctoral and established scholars in the disciplines of Islamic Archaeology as well as architectural and art history, from institutions in the UK and beyond. This will be a unique opportunity to share knowledge and expertise – uniting what has been, until now, a disparate community.
The aims of the conference are:
To facilitate dialogue between scholars of material culture in the medieval and early modern Islamic world, from the UK and abroad
To assess the use of material culture as an indicator and creator of different kinds of identities including ethnicity, gender, religion, and class
To explore geographic and temporal variation in identities in the Islamic world
To identify multiple, layered or contrasting expressions of personal identity within groups and by individuals
To disseminate the results of new excavations and surveys of medieval and early modern Islamic sites and landscapes, where new evidence has a bearing on our understanding of identity
To consider the relationship between the material culture of the pre-modern Islamic world and the creation of identities in contemporary nations"
Research Goal
This research describes three cases of ipsilateral stenosis (narrowing) and atresia (closure) of the basicranial foramina, and discusses the functional and phenotypic impact of neurovascular impingement.
https://books.google.de/books?id=WEMtDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PR1&dq=archaeologies%20of%20rules%20and%20re&hl=de&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Barbara Hausmair, Ben Jervis, Ruth Nugent and Eleanor Williams (eds)
How can we study the impact of rules on the lives of past people using archaeological evidence? To answer this question, Archaeologies of Rules and Regulation presents case studies drawn from across Europe and the United States. Covering areas as diverse as the use of space in a nineteenth-century U.S. Army camp, the deposition of waste in medieval towns, the experiences of Swedish migrants to North America, the relationship between people and animals in Anglo-Saxon England, these case studies explore the use of archaeological evidence in understanding the relationship between rules, lived experience, and social identity.
Contents
Introduction: Archaeologies of Rules and Regulation: An Introduction
Barbara Hausmair, Ben Jervis, Ruth Nugent and Eleanor Williams
PART I: NETWORKS
Introduction: Rules, Networks, and Different Kinds of Sources
Natascha Mehler
Chapter 1. Rules, Identity and a Sense of Place in a Medieval Town. The Case of Southampton’s Oak Book
Ben Jervis
Chapter 2. Meat for the Market. The Butchers’ Guild Rules from 1267 and Urban Archaeology in Tulln, Lower Austria
Ute Scholz
Chapter 3. Rubbish and Regulations in the Middle Ages: A Comparison of Urban and Rural Disposal Practices
Greta Civis
Chapter 4. How to Plant a Colony in the New World: Rules and Practices in New Sweden and the Seventeenth-Century Delaware Valley
Magdalena Naum
PART II: SPACE AND POWER
Introduction: Rules and the Built Environment
Harold Mytum
Chapter 5. Embodied Regulations: Searching for Boundaries in the Viking Age
Marianne Hem Eriksen
Chapter 6. What Law Says That There Has to be a Castle? The Castle Landscape of Frodsham, Cheshire
Rachel Swallow
Chapter 7. Shakespearian Space-Men: Spatial Rules in London’s Early Playhouses
Ruth Nugent
Chapter 8. US Army Regulations and Spatial Tactics: The Archaeology of Indulgence Consumption at Fort Yamhill, Oregon, United States, 1856–1866
Justin E. Eichelberger
Chapter 9. Religion in the Asylum: Lunatic Asylum Chapels and Religious Provision in Nineteenth-Century Ireland
Katherine Fennelly
Chapter 10. Prison-Issue Artefacts, Documentary Insights and the Negotiated Realities of Political Imprisonment: The Case of Long Kesh/Maze, Northern Ireland
Laura McAtackney
PART III: CORPOREALITY
Introduction: Maleficium and Mortuary Archaeology: Rules and Regulations in the Negotiation of Identities
Duncan Sayer
Chapter 11. Gone to the Dogs? Negotiating the Human-Animal Boundary in Anglo-Saxon England
Kristopher Poole
Chapter 12. Adherence to Islamic Tradition and the Formation of Iberian Islam in Early Medieval Al-Andalus
Sarah Inskip
Chapter 13. Break a Rule but Save a Soul. Unbaptized Children and Medieval Burial Regulation
Barbara Hausmair
Chapter 14. Medieval Monastic Text and the Treatment of the Dead. An Archaeothanatological Perspective on Adherence to the Cluniac Customaries
Eleanor Williams
Chapter 15. ‘With as Much Secresy and Delicacy as Possible’: Nineteenth-Century Burial Practices at the London Hospital
Louise Fowler and Natasha Powers
The Archaeology of Rules and Regulation: Closing Remarks
Duncan H. Brown