Restricting immigration is nothing new; it exists since large-scale immigrations have hit the mod... more Restricting immigration is nothing new; it exists since large-scale immigrations have hit the modern economic world. There have been several debates over the best approach for regulating immigration but this debate has often been the battleground for different political interests and beliefs. Over time, we have witnessed a departure from the earlier immigration policies based on earnings and education towards immigration regulation policy based on country of origin or even based on attributes and skills. Some countries even imposed even heavy restrictions based on the countries need for individual skill (Canada for example). Castles has shown that restrictive policies have appeared in many forms with erratic consequences. 1 Over time liberal migration slowly waned and immigration restrictions became the usual norm in most recipient countries in order to deal with the new widerbased migration flows, which were no longer simply individuals but often families, which were often just temporarily based. Furthermore, the lower transportation costs and lower risk due to technological advances gave more incentives to migrate, as well as the rise of capital mobility that facilitated the payment of remittances.
1968 was a year of great importance in the post-war period, because it saw social and political u... more 1968 was a year of great importance in the post-war period, because it saw social and political upheaval throughout the world. Up until today, the legacy of 1968 has a tremendous significance as millions of people in the world feel that their lives were changed decisively during this year, when students and workers challenged the established authority and social conventions. Additionally, the year was marked by a fundamental "clash of generations" necessary to adapt society to the new modernized world. Radical, anti-totalitarian student groups organized protests and demonstrations against the established and oppressive authorities, which eventually led to severe riots and shook whole countries, like the French general strike in May of ´68 which put the entire country in deadlock. Without any doubt, the contestations of 1968 played an essential role and paved the way for other revolutionary movements. Nonetheless it is often argued what, if anything, did the protests achieve.
The civil war represents an exceptionally traumatic, and bloody period in one of the darkest chap... more The civil war represents an exceptionally traumatic, and bloody period in one of the darkest chapters of Greek history. From the Axis occupation to the civil war to the military dictatorship, each of these constellations of events has been entangled with the history of the others.
The European colonization of the rest of the world saw a huge diaspora of young, single European ... more The European colonization of the rest of the world saw a huge diaspora of young, single European men to parts of the earth where European women were scarce, inevitably resulting in an interracial exchange. This essay will investigate how the colonial powers Portugal, France and Britain dealt with the contentious issue of 'racial-mixing' in India and how their attitudes towards hybrid populations differed as a result of diverse methods of governance and colonial realities. Historiography on 'mixed-race' groups in colonial India largely focuses on British India, however Mestiços and métis groups in Portuguese and French settlements were just as much a part of colonial life. 'Mixed-race' populations might only have been marginal in terms of numbers, yet their significance should not be ignored since their status was frequently a matter of contest.
Britain's colonial rule over the Indian subcontinent saw a lot of turbulences and difficulties, b... more Britain's colonial rule over the Indian subcontinent saw a lot of turbulences and difficulties, but 1857 was a very special and eventful year. The year witnessed the most dramatic expression of Indian discontent with colonial rule: a grave military mutiny and large-scale popular revolts in much of northern India and central India. The hegemony of British rule was in doubt for some months and the mutiny put an end to the East India Company's administration of British South Asian colonies. The insurrection of 1857 is exceptional and unique in the way that it was the outcome of a very complex chain of events which hinder an effortless analysis. Up to this date its historiography has been a confusing and very controversial subject, as there is no census among historians "whether the revolt was a forward-looking freedom movement or a backward-looking restorationist struggle" 1 . The uprising is often described as the First War of Independence by Indian historians, trying to establish the roots of the modern Indian state, while colonialist authors see the conflict as an anti-colonial uprising, which endeavoured to restore native religious customs and traditional policies. 2 There was quite a bit of all of this in the events of 1857, however religion adopted an instrumental role in the interpretation of the conflict. Britain's nationalistic evangelism was perceived as a serious threat to Indians, alarmed by the Christianization process.
Restricting immigration is nothing new; it exists since large-scale immigrations have hit the mod... more Restricting immigration is nothing new; it exists since large-scale immigrations have hit the modern economic world. There have been several debates over the best approach for regulating immigration but this debate has often been the battleground for different political interests and beliefs. Over time, we have witnessed a departure from the earlier immigration policies based on earnings and education towards immigration regulation policy based on country of origin or even based on attributes and skills. Some countries even imposed even heavy restrictions based on the countries need for individual skill (Canada for example). Castles has shown that restrictive policies have appeared in many forms with erratic consequences. 1 Over time liberal migration slowly waned and immigration restrictions became the usual norm in most recipient countries in order to deal with the new widerbased migration flows, which were no longer simply individuals but often families, which were often just temporarily based. Furthermore, the lower transportation costs and lower risk due to technological advances gave more incentives to migrate, as well as the rise of capital mobility that facilitated the payment of remittances.
1968 was a year of great importance in the post-war period, because it saw social and political u... more 1968 was a year of great importance in the post-war period, because it saw social and political upheaval throughout the world. Up until today, the legacy of 1968 has a tremendous significance as millions of people in the world feel that their lives were changed decisively during this year, when students and workers challenged the established authority and social conventions. Additionally, the year was marked by a fundamental "clash of generations" necessary to adapt society to the new modernized world. Radical, anti-totalitarian student groups organized protests and demonstrations against the established and oppressive authorities, which eventually led to severe riots and shook whole countries, like the French general strike in May of ´68 which put the entire country in deadlock. Without any doubt, the contestations of 1968 played an essential role and paved the way for other revolutionary movements. Nonetheless it is often argued what, if anything, did the protests achieve.
The civil war represents an exceptionally traumatic, and bloody period in one of the darkest chap... more The civil war represents an exceptionally traumatic, and bloody period in one of the darkest chapters of Greek history. From the Axis occupation to the civil war to the military dictatorship, each of these constellations of events has been entangled with the history of the others.
The European colonization of the rest of the world saw a huge diaspora of young, single European ... more The European colonization of the rest of the world saw a huge diaspora of young, single European men to parts of the earth where European women were scarce, inevitably resulting in an interracial exchange. This essay will investigate how the colonial powers Portugal, France and Britain dealt with the contentious issue of 'racial-mixing' in India and how their attitudes towards hybrid populations differed as a result of diverse methods of governance and colonial realities. Historiography on 'mixed-race' groups in colonial India largely focuses on British India, however Mestiços and métis groups in Portuguese and French settlements were just as much a part of colonial life. 'Mixed-race' populations might only have been marginal in terms of numbers, yet their significance should not be ignored since their status was frequently a matter of contest.
Britain's colonial rule over the Indian subcontinent saw a lot of turbulences and difficulties, b... more Britain's colonial rule over the Indian subcontinent saw a lot of turbulences and difficulties, but 1857 was a very special and eventful year. The year witnessed the most dramatic expression of Indian discontent with colonial rule: a grave military mutiny and large-scale popular revolts in much of northern India and central India. The hegemony of British rule was in doubt for some months and the mutiny put an end to the East India Company's administration of British South Asian colonies. The insurrection of 1857 is exceptional and unique in the way that it was the outcome of a very complex chain of events which hinder an effortless analysis. Up to this date its historiography has been a confusing and very controversial subject, as there is no census among historians "whether the revolt was a forward-looking freedom movement or a backward-looking restorationist struggle" 1 . The uprising is often described as the First War of Independence by Indian historians, trying to establish the roots of the modern Indian state, while colonialist authors see the conflict as an anti-colonial uprising, which endeavoured to restore native religious customs and traditional policies. 2 There was quite a bit of all of this in the events of 1857, however religion adopted an instrumental role in the interpretation of the conflict. Britain's nationalistic evangelism was perceived as a serious threat to Indians, alarmed by the Christianization process.
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