In this study, we adopted the negotiation management model (NMM) and the elaborated social identi... more In this study, we adopted the negotiation management model (NMM) and the elaborated social identity model (ESIM) to assess and match with global best practices the conduct of personnel of the Nigerian Police Force during the End SARS protest. We used the descriptive mixed-method research design to answer the research questions after taking stock of some achievements recorded by SARS and critical factors that led to the protest. We discovered, among others, that the Nigerian Police Force lacks a functional public complaint mechanism through which members of the society can express their grievances concerning the activities of personnel of the force. Further, the orthodox belief that a dominant show of force would compel protesters to comply with government directives failed during the End SARS protest. Our finding validates H. F. Guggenheim Foundation Guide that the police's response to peaceful gatherings as if they were riots and their failure to prevent a violent development at an early stage would lead to the degeneration of protests. The study makes recommendations on achieving a peaceful and well-managed protest if a demonstration becomes inevitable.
Public service delivery is an effort to provide the much-expected value for customers or clients ... more Public service delivery is an effort to provide the much-expected value for customers or clients by a government-funded organization through the activities, relationship, or interaction between its employees and the people. Public service organizations in Lagos State cannot deliver effective and efficient services without adequate Human Capital Development. This study seeks to examine the relationship between human capital development and public service delivery in Lagos with emphasis on training, performance appraisal, and job enrichment programs; through the lens of human relations theory as popularised by Elton Mayo. The survey research design was used in this study, and data were analyzed using Pearson Moment Coefficient Correlation (through SPSS) at 0.05 level of significance. Findings in this study reveal that efficient service delivery in Lagos State public service organizations, which is supposed to be a function of proper human capital development, has been on a dwindling m...
No country is prone to violent identity crises as a country with fissiparous tendencies. For more... more No country is prone to violent identity crises as a country with fissiparous tendencies. For more than fifty (50) years of existence as an independent entity, Nigeria still grapples with numerous insecurity threats, ranging from ethno-religious disharmonies to the agitation to secede. Today, Nigeria is characterized as a deeply divided state where political and other issues contest vigorously along complex ethnic and religious lines. There is need, therefore, to identity the implications of these crises as well as proffer overarching solutions to restore peace and promote nation-building. This study examines the implications of ethno-religious identity on peace-building in Nigeria from a public policy perspective. The study identifies some policies that are needed to fast-track peace-building as well as curb the alarming fissiparous tendency which has given rise to violent conflicts in the country. The study relies on secondary data with content analysis of newspapers, books, journals and internet sources. Findings revealed that ethno-religious disharmony is a clog on the wheel of peace-building in Nigeria. It was discovered that ethno-religious identity gives impetus to perceived unfairness and injustice by some ethnic and religious groups, especially as regards the distribution of resources among groups and regions in the country. Some of the recommendations of the study are: First, national recruitment policy should be adjusted to reflect strict adherence to federal character. Second, the issue of marginalization which has caused several conflicts in SouthEast Nigeria and has led to the region's demand to secede as against the initial agitation for resource control and 'true' federalism should be adequately addressed. Third, the country should be restructured in accordance with the 2014 national conference recommendations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS EDUCATION AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES, 2020
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral part of our lives and socie... more Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral part of our lives and society. Its value is limited only to individual’s imagination, and cuts across every sphere of human existence. This paper examines the role of ICT in the transformation of public administration and public sector reforms in Nigeria. It relied heavily on literature review. It has been discovered that irrespective of several policies and strategies by the government to install e-governance structures, the activities of e-governance remains low in the country and falls below the US benchmark measure of development which stood at 1.62 as at 2002. On the other hand, the Nigerian public service continues to struggling with management problems, inertia, inefficiency, incompetence, ineffectiveness and low productivity. Going forward, the paper recommends that ICT should be fully adopted to reform the Nigerian public sector and to foster efficiency, effectiveness and high performance in the public sector. This can be achieved if the government carefully address all the challenges of ICT application in the Nigerian public sector, as listed in this paper.
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 4(2): 1-10, 2017; Article no.ARJASS.31632 ISSN: 2456-4761, 2017
Globally, food and nutrition adequacy are facing critical challenges occasioned by climate change... more Globally, food and nutrition adequacy are facing critical challenges occasioned by climate change scenarios, sharply rising food demand to falling supply, neglect of investment in agriculture, and high cost of production. All these have serious implications on rising insecurity and conflict-induced instability in many countries. Further, an increasing poverty level among the people is a stress-factor as well as a precursor of violence. The thrust of this study is to examine the implications of food insecurity, poverty and hunger on Nigeria's national security. The relative deprivation theory was adopted to explain the reactions of people when they feel that there is a discrepancy between the 'ought' and the 'is' of collective value satisfaction. Data were generated using secondary sources. The paper argues that reinstalling peace and security in Nigeria can only be achieved through careful identification and proper address of causal factors. The paper recommends, among others; that there should be improved agricultural productivity through the encouragement of research and application of modern technologies.
The thrust of this study was to identify the major causes and effects of crimes in SouthWestern N... more The thrust of this study was to identify the major causes and effects of crimes in SouthWestern Nigeria. It was discovered that the once peaceful region of the country is gradually becoming the crime capital, losing lives and properties worth millions on yearly basis to the recurrent cases of crimes. Data were generated from both primary and secondary sources and tested with Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient at 0.01 level of significance, through the use of SPSS. Findings revealed that there is a positive correlation between unresponsive government and increase crimes in SouthWestern Nigeria which has led to business shutdown, poor economic development among others. The study concludes that if adequate measures to curb these crimes are not urgently taken, more lives will be lost, businesses will continue to foldup, investors will withdraw their investments, poverty and hunger will take over and life will become more unbearable for the common man. Some of the recommendations of this study includes; youth empowerment, job creation, resource control, meeting of students' demands and the strengthening of the Nigerian educational systems at all levels, as well as provisions for good ranching systems and laws to protect both herdsmen and farmers within the region.
The thrust of this study was to identify the major causes and effects of crimes in SouthWestern N... more The thrust of this study was to identify the major causes and effects of crimes in SouthWestern Nigeria. It was discovered that the once peaceful region of the country is gradually becoming the crime capital, losing lives and properties worth millions on yearly basis to the recurrent cases of crimes. Data were generated from both primary and secondary sources and tested with Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient at 0.01 level of significance, through the use of SPSS. Findings revealed that there is a positive correlation between unresponsive government and increase crimes in SouthWestern Nigeria which has led to business shutdown, poor economic development among others. The study concludes that if adequate measures to curb these crimes are not urgently taken, more lives will be lost, businesses will continue to foldup, investors will withdraw their investments, poverty and hunger will take over and life will become more unbearable for the common man. Some of the recommendations of this study includes; youth empowerment, job creation, resource control, meeting of students' demands and the strengthening of the Nigerian educational systems at all levels, as well as provisions for good ranching systems and laws to protect both herdsmen and farmers within the region.
Most of the conflicts in Nigeria, both past and present, have been linked to religion and ethnici... more Most of the conflicts in Nigeria, both past and present, have been linked to religion and ethnicity. Today, aside from the alarming case of underdevelopment in the country, the upsurging waves of violent conflicts and crimes have left much to wonder. This study seeks to examine ethno-religious conflicts and insecurity in Nigeria's 4th Republic. The study relied heavily on secondary data sources. Findings revealed that ethno-religious conflicts have brought about instability, loss of lives and has disrupted the peaceful coexistence of the Nigerian people. The paper concludes that there is the need to take the fight against insecurity to the next level where all hands must be on deck and every individual and institutions must join in the fight to restore security in Nigeria. The study recommends, among others, that some non-military approaches should be adopted to compliment the efforts of the Nigerian Military. Also, religious leaders, traditional rulers and chiefs, the media and other stakeholders should lend their supports to the government by sensitizing the youths on the need for unity and peaceful coexistence. State policing should also be considered, with adequate strategies to funding it, as well as eliminating any form of political interference.
Human resources managers have attempted, at different points, to figure out ways to prevent the p... more Human resources managers have attempted, at different points, to figure out ways to prevent the perception of organizational injustice among employees. The perception of injustice has been found to be one of the most influential factors that affect commitment in the workplace. This study examines the effects of employees' perception of injustice on commitment to work among staff of Lagos State Fire Service. The survey research design was utilized, through the administration of the questionnaire, for the collection of factual data that are measurable and quantifiable. Equity and Social exchange theories were applied to aid proper understanding of this phenomenon. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that perceived distributive, procedural, as well as interpersonal injustices, affect employees' commitment to work as exhibited among Fire Fighters in Lagos State. It was recommended that managers should ensure that employees perceive justice and fairness as they discharge their duties in the organization. They should introduce reward determination processes and practices, Original Research Article
One of the major factors affecting democracy in Nigeria is the loss of confidence by the masses o... more One of the major factors affecting democracy in Nigeria is the loss of confidence by the masses on the judiciary and its rulings when there is an infringement on individual or collective rights and privileges. This research examines the influence of politics over law; specifically electorates' perceptions of the Akwa Ibom State election petition tribunal and courts verdicts. The survey research design was utilized in this study for the collection of factual data that are measurable and quantifiable. Data were collected using questionnaires as well as the aggregated observation of the researchers. The study also relied on systematic qualitative content analysis of secondary sources of data. Two hypotheses were generated and tested using Chi-square (X2) at 0.05 level of significance. This paper argues that the judiciary's handling of the case has been one that shows the pursuit of equity and justice rather than one which clings to the whims and caprices of political juggernaut, and at such, the court decisions have been independent of political preferences. It is recommended that political parties and powerful individuals should refrain from all illegal means to attain public positions which are the basis for election petitions. Also, if a rerun election would be conducted, INEC officials are expected to be politically neutral, and security agencies must be on the look-out to ensure peace and order.
Abstract:
The broad objective of this study was to critically examine how bureaucracy influences... more Abstract: The broad objective of this study was to critically examine how bureaucracy influences affective commitment in Lagos State Civil Service. The survey design was adopted in this study. In this study, both the primary and secondary data collection methods were used. The data obtained from the administered questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient as statistical tools. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between bureaucracy and affective commitment in Lagos State Civil Service and affective commitment has been noted to be important to the survival and success of any organization. This study concludes that affective commitment which binds the employee to his duties in the organization is largely influenced by bureaucratic principles, especially its overwhelming red-tapism, rigidity, rules and less interest in employee’s creativity and ingenuity. The study recommends that organizations should embrace dynamism and creativity as against excessive bureaucratic principles and that employees who are found to be affectively committed to the organization should be encouraged through appreciations and motivational packages because affective commitment, apart from being the most valued type of organizational commitment, is hard to build and maintain. Key Words: Affective commitment, Bureaucracy, Civil Service, Lagos State.
Abstract: Political equals constitute the major characteristic of democracy which is the rule by ... more Abstract: Political equals constitute the major characteristic of democracy which is the rule by the people. In the classical doctrine of democracy, all the citizens are eligible for all posts, and officials of the city state are expected to come through elections. On the 31st day of May, 2018, the “Not Too Young To Run Bill” into law by President Muhammadu Buhari. The Bill which is now the “Not too Young to Run Act” (NTYTRA) and reduces the age brackets of people vying for elective positions like the Presidency, Senate, Governorship, House of Representative and House of Assembly. This study investigates the NTYTRA and its impacts on Nigeria’s democracy. Data were generated using both primary and secondary sources and was calculated using X2 at 0.05 level of significance. Findings in the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between NTYTRA and democracy in Nigeria. The paper concludes that Rather than destructively criticizing the relevance of the Act , youths and Nigerians should wake up to the current reality and grab the opportunity to make a difference in Nigerian politics, as the NTYTRA will expanded the field for more potential credible candidates. It recommends, among others that older persons should not see the NTYTRA as a technical elimination move, or an act to make them irrelevant in the political space. Rather, they should consider it to be a move towards the right direction to right the wrongs in Nigerian politics. With this, therefore, they should play advisory roles to the younger generations and be ready to make valuable contributions whenever the call comes. Keywords: Democracy, Elections, Politics, Nigeria, Not Too Young To Run Act.
Good governance has been seen as the promotion of accountability, efficiency, rule of law, and th... more Good governance has been seen as the promotion of accountability, efficiency, rule of law, and the fight against corruption. It also involves participation, transparency, and equitability during the exercise of authority in a country. The focus of this study was to examine the strategies for fast-tracking good governance in Nigeria, using the science and technology approach. The study relied heavily on secondary data. This study concludes that in order to achieve good governance in Nigeria, government must pay adequate attention to security, rural development, education, health, rule of law, press freedom, and the fight against corruption. It recommends that S&T is needed to actualize this goal. This is because knowledge is fundamental to human development, and plays a key role in economic growth, social development, cultural enrichment and political empowerment.
The question of how potent negotiation is in ending violent terrorist campaigns has remained unan... more The question of how potent negotiation is in ending violent terrorist campaigns has remained unanswered. This is because terrorist negotiation is morally repugnant as it is politically necessary. This study investigated the pros and cons of Nigerian government and BK negotiation. It examines some conditions that are necessary for fruitful negotiations as well as some factors that could contribute to failed negotiations; using the games theory. A qualitative method of data analysis was adopted in this study. Findings revealed that negotiation is one of the most viable options in the hands of the Nigerian Government to restore peace in the country and stop the continuous killings by BK. However, this negotiation should be done between representatives of the government and appropriate authorities within the sect. This paper recommends that terrorist negotiation should remain as the last resort and negotiation process should commence only when every Original Research Article Abumbe et al.; ARJASS, 5(2): 1-10, 2018; Article no.ARJASS.37236 2 other options have failed. Also, relevant bodies, stakeholders, Non-Governmental Organizations and the general public should be involved in the fight against BK and other insurgent groups.
Abstract: Bureaucracy is believed to be a means through which rationalization is applied to the o... more Abstract: Bureaucracy is believed to be a means through which rationalization is applied to the organization of human activities, and it is based on the postulation that the management can create control, predictability, and certainty in the work place. However, bureaucracy involves unnecessary delay in decision-making, high level of rigidity, goal displacement, red tape, compartmentalization of activities, too much paper work, among others. This study investigated the effects of bureaucracy on organizational commitment in Lagos State Civil Service. The survey research design was utilized, through the administration of questionnaire, for the collection of factual data that are measurable and quantifiable. Weber’s theory of bureaucracy was adopted for this study. The study supports the idea that bureaucracy has a seed of its own destruction because its (bureaucratic) principles force the human to substitute his sense of right and wrong (while performing his daily tasks) with decisions, rules, and instructions imposed by higher supervisors who might be away from the real social context and its necessities. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested. Findings revealed that bureaucratic management style has a contributing effect on the employees’ commitment in an organization. This is because employees’ commitment is hampered by bureaucratic culture in the organization. This study recommends, among others, that bureaucratic management style and practices should be eliminated to allow for dynamism, creativity and productivity on the part of the employees or Civil Servants.
Food security has assumed a prominent role in international politics not only for traditional sta... more Food security has assumed a prominent role in international politics not only for traditional state actors but also of giant multinationals ranging from large scale Western farming, agro-allied corporations to pharmaceuticals and global food supply and retail channels. This study seeks to examine Nigeria's oil dependency and its negative effects on food security. It considers the impact of Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) in Nigeria as compared to Norway and other countries operating SWF. Data were generated using secondary sources. The paper argues that the continuous reliance of Nigeria on oil is largely associated with increased poverty rate resulting from boom burst cycle which accompanies it. It argues that in Nigeria, the SWF has not achieved the purpose for its adoption. Hence, amidst abundance, a high percentage of people living in oil exporting countries (especially Nigeria) tend to linger in poverty. The paper recommends, among others, that oil dependent countries like Nigeria should invest large oil proceeds to other sectors of the economy like agriculture, human resource training and development, and entrepreneurship. Also, good economic management of oil wealth using the SWF and sound fiscal policies are needed to achieve impressive standard of living in Nigeria.
Abstract: Islamic fundamentalism, sequel to the demise of the Cold War, surfaced as the new form ... more Abstract: Islamic fundamentalism, sequel to the demise of the Cold War, surfaced as the new form of confrontation on a global scale. Nigeria has not been spared as it has experienced its own share of religious-fundamentalist based violence, especially from July 2009, following the resurgence of Boko Haram on the political scene. This paper investigates the relationship between Islamic fundamentalism as epitomized in Boko Haram and Nigeria’s quest for development. It seeks to answer the question: is there a conception of development within Islamic fundamentalism? How is it pursued and attained? How would these pursued goals leave the Nigerian state at the end? The paper argues that the activities of Boko Haram has had adverse effects on the political, economic and socio-cultural developmental chart of Nigeria by causing loss of lives, properties and businesses, political instability, the state of public fear and intolerance, and weakened national integration. The thrust of this paper is to examine how the Nigerian Constitution, corrupt structural processes in the military, and the failure of the Almajiri system of education caused the wave of Islamic fundamentalism in Nigeria. It, therefore, recommends that government needs to fight corruption, place utmost attention on the welfare of the citizens, incorporate the Almajiri system into the Ministry of Education, and amend sections of the Constitution which supports the imposition of the Sharia.
Keywords: Islamic fundamentalism, development, secularism, Almajiri System
A b s t r a c t esource control and true federalism have remained R two contentious and destabili... more A b s t r a c t esource control and true federalism have remained R two contentious and destabilizing factors in the Nigerian body polity. They have been in the front burner of the national discourse since the return to democracy in Nigeria. Most parts of the country especially oil producing states have been agitating for resource control to reflect true federalism globally. This will enable states take charge of resources within their borders and make agreed contributions towards the maintenance of common services of Federal Government. This paper therefore seeks to examine the contentious issue of resource control in Nigerian federalism with a view towards proffering relevant solution for our emerging democracy. The paper adopts a historical/descriptive research designs and generated data largely from secondary sources like journals, internet, and books. A comprehensive content analysis of the variables was done and data was analyzed qualitatively. Findings revealed that Nigeria is practicing centralised-federalism and not true federalism with respect to resource control like in other climes. The paper recommends among others, quick constitutional reforms so as to resolve those problems inherent in the operation of true federalism in Nigeria as it affects resource control.
A b s t r a c t his study examines the roles of Statein curbing ethnic and religious conicts T i... more A b s t r a c t his study examines the roles of Statein curbing ethnic and religious conicts T in Nigeria, using the group theory, with emphasis on addressing the causal factors of the disharmony and intolerance. Secondary data was analyzed to identify major causes of ethnic and religious intolerance in the country. Three states from three geopolitical zones were selected as case studies. Findings indicate that ethnic and religious disharmonies have been a clog on the wheels of Nigeria's federalism. Based on these ndings, some policy recommendations were offered to State and Local Governments, which includes: encouraging religious and ethnic tolerance among citizens. There should be quick identification and adequate attention should be given to majority needs. Committee of Elders should be established in every local government to intervene during crises at early stages and prevent their escalation.
In this study, we adopted the negotiation management model (NMM) and the elaborated social identi... more In this study, we adopted the negotiation management model (NMM) and the elaborated social identity model (ESIM) to assess and match with global best practices the conduct of personnel of the Nigerian Police Force during the End SARS protest. We used the descriptive mixed-method research design to answer the research questions after taking stock of some achievements recorded by SARS and critical factors that led to the protest. We discovered, among others, that the Nigerian Police Force lacks a functional public complaint mechanism through which members of the society can express their grievances concerning the activities of personnel of the force. Further, the orthodox belief that a dominant show of force would compel protesters to comply with government directives failed during the End SARS protest. Our finding validates H. F. Guggenheim Foundation Guide that the police's response to peaceful gatherings as if they were riots and their failure to prevent a violent development at an early stage would lead to the degeneration of protests. The study makes recommendations on achieving a peaceful and well-managed protest if a demonstration becomes inevitable.
Public service delivery is an effort to provide the much-expected value for customers or clients ... more Public service delivery is an effort to provide the much-expected value for customers or clients by a government-funded organization through the activities, relationship, or interaction between its employees and the people. Public service organizations in Lagos State cannot deliver effective and efficient services without adequate Human Capital Development. This study seeks to examine the relationship between human capital development and public service delivery in Lagos with emphasis on training, performance appraisal, and job enrichment programs; through the lens of human relations theory as popularised by Elton Mayo. The survey research design was used in this study, and data were analyzed using Pearson Moment Coefficient Correlation (through SPSS) at 0.05 level of significance. Findings in this study reveal that efficient service delivery in Lagos State public service organizations, which is supposed to be a function of proper human capital development, has been on a dwindling m...
No country is prone to violent identity crises as a country with fissiparous tendencies. For more... more No country is prone to violent identity crises as a country with fissiparous tendencies. For more than fifty (50) years of existence as an independent entity, Nigeria still grapples with numerous insecurity threats, ranging from ethno-religious disharmonies to the agitation to secede. Today, Nigeria is characterized as a deeply divided state where political and other issues contest vigorously along complex ethnic and religious lines. There is need, therefore, to identity the implications of these crises as well as proffer overarching solutions to restore peace and promote nation-building. This study examines the implications of ethno-religious identity on peace-building in Nigeria from a public policy perspective. The study identifies some policies that are needed to fast-track peace-building as well as curb the alarming fissiparous tendency which has given rise to violent conflicts in the country. The study relies on secondary data with content analysis of newspapers, books, journals and internet sources. Findings revealed that ethno-religious disharmony is a clog on the wheel of peace-building in Nigeria. It was discovered that ethno-religious identity gives impetus to perceived unfairness and injustice by some ethnic and religious groups, especially as regards the distribution of resources among groups and regions in the country. Some of the recommendations of the study are: First, national recruitment policy should be adjusted to reflect strict adherence to federal character. Second, the issue of marginalization which has caused several conflicts in SouthEast Nigeria and has led to the region's demand to secede as against the initial agitation for resource control and 'true' federalism should be adequately addressed. Third, the country should be restructured in accordance with the 2014 national conference recommendations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS EDUCATION AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES, 2020
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral part of our lives and socie... more Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral part of our lives and society. Its value is limited only to individual’s imagination, and cuts across every sphere of human existence. This paper examines the role of ICT in the transformation of public administration and public sector reforms in Nigeria. It relied heavily on literature review. It has been discovered that irrespective of several policies and strategies by the government to install e-governance structures, the activities of e-governance remains low in the country and falls below the US benchmark measure of development which stood at 1.62 as at 2002. On the other hand, the Nigerian public service continues to struggling with management problems, inertia, inefficiency, incompetence, ineffectiveness and low productivity. Going forward, the paper recommends that ICT should be fully adopted to reform the Nigerian public sector and to foster efficiency, effectiveness and high performance in the public sector. This can be achieved if the government carefully address all the challenges of ICT application in the Nigerian public sector, as listed in this paper.
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 4(2): 1-10, 2017; Article no.ARJASS.31632 ISSN: 2456-4761, 2017
Globally, food and nutrition adequacy are facing critical challenges occasioned by climate change... more Globally, food and nutrition adequacy are facing critical challenges occasioned by climate change scenarios, sharply rising food demand to falling supply, neglect of investment in agriculture, and high cost of production. All these have serious implications on rising insecurity and conflict-induced instability in many countries. Further, an increasing poverty level among the people is a stress-factor as well as a precursor of violence. The thrust of this study is to examine the implications of food insecurity, poverty and hunger on Nigeria's national security. The relative deprivation theory was adopted to explain the reactions of people when they feel that there is a discrepancy between the 'ought' and the 'is' of collective value satisfaction. Data were generated using secondary sources. The paper argues that reinstalling peace and security in Nigeria can only be achieved through careful identification and proper address of causal factors. The paper recommends, among others; that there should be improved agricultural productivity through the encouragement of research and application of modern technologies.
The thrust of this study was to identify the major causes and effects of crimes in SouthWestern N... more The thrust of this study was to identify the major causes and effects of crimes in SouthWestern Nigeria. It was discovered that the once peaceful region of the country is gradually becoming the crime capital, losing lives and properties worth millions on yearly basis to the recurrent cases of crimes. Data were generated from both primary and secondary sources and tested with Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient at 0.01 level of significance, through the use of SPSS. Findings revealed that there is a positive correlation between unresponsive government and increase crimes in SouthWestern Nigeria which has led to business shutdown, poor economic development among others. The study concludes that if adequate measures to curb these crimes are not urgently taken, more lives will be lost, businesses will continue to foldup, investors will withdraw their investments, poverty and hunger will take over and life will become more unbearable for the common man. Some of the recommendations of this study includes; youth empowerment, job creation, resource control, meeting of students' demands and the strengthening of the Nigerian educational systems at all levels, as well as provisions for good ranching systems and laws to protect both herdsmen and farmers within the region.
The thrust of this study was to identify the major causes and effects of crimes in SouthWestern N... more The thrust of this study was to identify the major causes and effects of crimes in SouthWestern Nigeria. It was discovered that the once peaceful region of the country is gradually becoming the crime capital, losing lives and properties worth millions on yearly basis to the recurrent cases of crimes. Data were generated from both primary and secondary sources and tested with Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient at 0.01 level of significance, through the use of SPSS. Findings revealed that there is a positive correlation between unresponsive government and increase crimes in SouthWestern Nigeria which has led to business shutdown, poor economic development among others. The study concludes that if adequate measures to curb these crimes are not urgently taken, more lives will be lost, businesses will continue to foldup, investors will withdraw their investments, poverty and hunger will take over and life will become more unbearable for the common man. Some of the recommendations of this study includes; youth empowerment, job creation, resource control, meeting of students' demands and the strengthening of the Nigerian educational systems at all levels, as well as provisions for good ranching systems and laws to protect both herdsmen and farmers within the region.
Most of the conflicts in Nigeria, both past and present, have been linked to religion and ethnici... more Most of the conflicts in Nigeria, both past and present, have been linked to religion and ethnicity. Today, aside from the alarming case of underdevelopment in the country, the upsurging waves of violent conflicts and crimes have left much to wonder. This study seeks to examine ethno-religious conflicts and insecurity in Nigeria's 4th Republic. The study relied heavily on secondary data sources. Findings revealed that ethno-religious conflicts have brought about instability, loss of lives and has disrupted the peaceful coexistence of the Nigerian people. The paper concludes that there is the need to take the fight against insecurity to the next level where all hands must be on deck and every individual and institutions must join in the fight to restore security in Nigeria. The study recommends, among others, that some non-military approaches should be adopted to compliment the efforts of the Nigerian Military. Also, religious leaders, traditional rulers and chiefs, the media and other stakeholders should lend their supports to the government by sensitizing the youths on the need for unity and peaceful coexistence. State policing should also be considered, with adequate strategies to funding it, as well as eliminating any form of political interference.
Human resources managers have attempted, at different points, to figure out ways to prevent the p... more Human resources managers have attempted, at different points, to figure out ways to prevent the perception of organizational injustice among employees. The perception of injustice has been found to be one of the most influential factors that affect commitment in the workplace. This study examines the effects of employees' perception of injustice on commitment to work among staff of Lagos State Fire Service. The survey research design was utilized, through the administration of the questionnaire, for the collection of factual data that are measurable and quantifiable. Equity and Social exchange theories were applied to aid proper understanding of this phenomenon. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that perceived distributive, procedural, as well as interpersonal injustices, affect employees' commitment to work as exhibited among Fire Fighters in Lagos State. It was recommended that managers should ensure that employees perceive justice and fairness as they discharge their duties in the organization. They should introduce reward determination processes and practices, Original Research Article
One of the major factors affecting democracy in Nigeria is the loss of confidence by the masses o... more One of the major factors affecting democracy in Nigeria is the loss of confidence by the masses on the judiciary and its rulings when there is an infringement on individual or collective rights and privileges. This research examines the influence of politics over law; specifically electorates' perceptions of the Akwa Ibom State election petition tribunal and courts verdicts. The survey research design was utilized in this study for the collection of factual data that are measurable and quantifiable. Data were collected using questionnaires as well as the aggregated observation of the researchers. The study also relied on systematic qualitative content analysis of secondary sources of data. Two hypotheses were generated and tested using Chi-square (X2) at 0.05 level of significance. This paper argues that the judiciary's handling of the case has been one that shows the pursuit of equity and justice rather than one which clings to the whims and caprices of political juggernaut, and at such, the court decisions have been independent of political preferences. It is recommended that political parties and powerful individuals should refrain from all illegal means to attain public positions which are the basis for election petitions. Also, if a rerun election would be conducted, INEC officials are expected to be politically neutral, and security agencies must be on the look-out to ensure peace and order.
Abstract:
The broad objective of this study was to critically examine how bureaucracy influences... more Abstract: The broad objective of this study was to critically examine how bureaucracy influences affective commitment in Lagos State Civil Service. The survey design was adopted in this study. In this study, both the primary and secondary data collection methods were used. The data obtained from the administered questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient as statistical tools. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between bureaucracy and affective commitment in Lagos State Civil Service and affective commitment has been noted to be important to the survival and success of any organization. This study concludes that affective commitment which binds the employee to his duties in the organization is largely influenced by bureaucratic principles, especially its overwhelming red-tapism, rigidity, rules and less interest in employee’s creativity and ingenuity. The study recommends that organizations should embrace dynamism and creativity as against excessive bureaucratic principles and that employees who are found to be affectively committed to the organization should be encouraged through appreciations and motivational packages because affective commitment, apart from being the most valued type of organizational commitment, is hard to build and maintain. Key Words: Affective commitment, Bureaucracy, Civil Service, Lagos State.
Abstract: Political equals constitute the major characteristic of democracy which is the rule by ... more Abstract: Political equals constitute the major characteristic of democracy which is the rule by the people. In the classical doctrine of democracy, all the citizens are eligible for all posts, and officials of the city state are expected to come through elections. On the 31st day of May, 2018, the “Not Too Young To Run Bill” into law by President Muhammadu Buhari. The Bill which is now the “Not too Young to Run Act” (NTYTRA) and reduces the age brackets of people vying for elective positions like the Presidency, Senate, Governorship, House of Representative and House of Assembly. This study investigates the NTYTRA and its impacts on Nigeria’s democracy. Data were generated using both primary and secondary sources and was calculated using X2 at 0.05 level of significance. Findings in the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between NTYTRA and democracy in Nigeria. The paper concludes that Rather than destructively criticizing the relevance of the Act , youths and Nigerians should wake up to the current reality and grab the opportunity to make a difference in Nigerian politics, as the NTYTRA will expanded the field for more potential credible candidates. It recommends, among others that older persons should not see the NTYTRA as a technical elimination move, or an act to make them irrelevant in the political space. Rather, they should consider it to be a move towards the right direction to right the wrongs in Nigerian politics. With this, therefore, they should play advisory roles to the younger generations and be ready to make valuable contributions whenever the call comes. Keywords: Democracy, Elections, Politics, Nigeria, Not Too Young To Run Act.
Good governance has been seen as the promotion of accountability, efficiency, rule of law, and th... more Good governance has been seen as the promotion of accountability, efficiency, rule of law, and the fight against corruption. It also involves participation, transparency, and equitability during the exercise of authority in a country. The focus of this study was to examine the strategies for fast-tracking good governance in Nigeria, using the science and technology approach. The study relied heavily on secondary data. This study concludes that in order to achieve good governance in Nigeria, government must pay adequate attention to security, rural development, education, health, rule of law, press freedom, and the fight against corruption. It recommends that S&T is needed to actualize this goal. This is because knowledge is fundamental to human development, and plays a key role in economic growth, social development, cultural enrichment and political empowerment.
The question of how potent negotiation is in ending violent terrorist campaigns has remained unan... more The question of how potent negotiation is in ending violent terrorist campaigns has remained unanswered. This is because terrorist negotiation is morally repugnant as it is politically necessary. This study investigated the pros and cons of Nigerian government and BK negotiation. It examines some conditions that are necessary for fruitful negotiations as well as some factors that could contribute to failed negotiations; using the games theory. A qualitative method of data analysis was adopted in this study. Findings revealed that negotiation is one of the most viable options in the hands of the Nigerian Government to restore peace in the country and stop the continuous killings by BK. However, this negotiation should be done between representatives of the government and appropriate authorities within the sect. This paper recommends that terrorist negotiation should remain as the last resort and negotiation process should commence only when every Original Research Article Abumbe et al.; ARJASS, 5(2): 1-10, 2018; Article no.ARJASS.37236 2 other options have failed. Also, relevant bodies, stakeholders, Non-Governmental Organizations and the general public should be involved in the fight against BK and other insurgent groups.
Abstract: Bureaucracy is believed to be a means through which rationalization is applied to the o... more Abstract: Bureaucracy is believed to be a means through which rationalization is applied to the organization of human activities, and it is based on the postulation that the management can create control, predictability, and certainty in the work place. However, bureaucracy involves unnecessary delay in decision-making, high level of rigidity, goal displacement, red tape, compartmentalization of activities, too much paper work, among others. This study investigated the effects of bureaucracy on organizational commitment in Lagos State Civil Service. The survey research design was utilized, through the administration of questionnaire, for the collection of factual data that are measurable and quantifiable. Weber’s theory of bureaucracy was adopted for this study. The study supports the idea that bureaucracy has a seed of its own destruction because its (bureaucratic) principles force the human to substitute his sense of right and wrong (while performing his daily tasks) with decisions, rules, and instructions imposed by higher supervisors who might be away from the real social context and its necessities. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested. Findings revealed that bureaucratic management style has a contributing effect on the employees’ commitment in an organization. This is because employees’ commitment is hampered by bureaucratic culture in the organization. This study recommends, among others, that bureaucratic management style and practices should be eliminated to allow for dynamism, creativity and productivity on the part of the employees or Civil Servants.
Food security has assumed a prominent role in international politics not only for traditional sta... more Food security has assumed a prominent role in international politics not only for traditional state actors but also of giant multinationals ranging from large scale Western farming, agro-allied corporations to pharmaceuticals and global food supply and retail channels. This study seeks to examine Nigeria's oil dependency and its negative effects on food security. It considers the impact of Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) in Nigeria as compared to Norway and other countries operating SWF. Data were generated using secondary sources. The paper argues that the continuous reliance of Nigeria on oil is largely associated with increased poverty rate resulting from boom burst cycle which accompanies it. It argues that in Nigeria, the SWF has not achieved the purpose for its adoption. Hence, amidst abundance, a high percentage of people living in oil exporting countries (especially Nigeria) tend to linger in poverty. The paper recommends, among others, that oil dependent countries like Nigeria should invest large oil proceeds to other sectors of the economy like agriculture, human resource training and development, and entrepreneurship. Also, good economic management of oil wealth using the SWF and sound fiscal policies are needed to achieve impressive standard of living in Nigeria.
Abstract: Islamic fundamentalism, sequel to the demise of the Cold War, surfaced as the new form ... more Abstract: Islamic fundamentalism, sequel to the demise of the Cold War, surfaced as the new form of confrontation on a global scale. Nigeria has not been spared as it has experienced its own share of religious-fundamentalist based violence, especially from July 2009, following the resurgence of Boko Haram on the political scene. This paper investigates the relationship between Islamic fundamentalism as epitomized in Boko Haram and Nigeria’s quest for development. It seeks to answer the question: is there a conception of development within Islamic fundamentalism? How is it pursued and attained? How would these pursued goals leave the Nigerian state at the end? The paper argues that the activities of Boko Haram has had adverse effects on the political, economic and socio-cultural developmental chart of Nigeria by causing loss of lives, properties and businesses, political instability, the state of public fear and intolerance, and weakened national integration. The thrust of this paper is to examine how the Nigerian Constitution, corrupt structural processes in the military, and the failure of the Almajiri system of education caused the wave of Islamic fundamentalism in Nigeria. It, therefore, recommends that government needs to fight corruption, place utmost attention on the welfare of the citizens, incorporate the Almajiri system into the Ministry of Education, and amend sections of the Constitution which supports the imposition of the Sharia.
Keywords: Islamic fundamentalism, development, secularism, Almajiri System
A b s t r a c t esource control and true federalism have remained R two contentious and destabili... more A b s t r a c t esource control and true federalism have remained R two contentious and destabilizing factors in the Nigerian body polity. They have been in the front burner of the national discourse since the return to democracy in Nigeria. Most parts of the country especially oil producing states have been agitating for resource control to reflect true federalism globally. This will enable states take charge of resources within their borders and make agreed contributions towards the maintenance of common services of Federal Government. This paper therefore seeks to examine the contentious issue of resource control in Nigerian federalism with a view towards proffering relevant solution for our emerging democracy. The paper adopts a historical/descriptive research designs and generated data largely from secondary sources like journals, internet, and books. A comprehensive content analysis of the variables was done and data was analyzed qualitatively. Findings revealed that Nigeria is practicing centralised-federalism and not true federalism with respect to resource control like in other climes. The paper recommends among others, quick constitutional reforms so as to resolve those problems inherent in the operation of true federalism in Nigeria as it affects resource control.
A b s t r a c t his study examines the roles of Statein curbing ethnic and religious conicts T i... more A b s t r a c t his study examines the roles of Statein curbing ethnic and religious conicts T in Nigeria, using the group theory, with emphasis on addressing the causal factors of the disharmony and intolerance. Secondary data was analyzed to identify major causes of ethnic and religious intolerance in the country. Three states from three geopolitical zones were selected as case studies. Findings indicate that ethnic and religious disharmonies have been a clog on the wheels of Nigeria's federalism. Based on these ndings, some policy recommendations were offered to State and Local Governments, which includes: encouraging religious and ethnic tolerance among citizens. There should be quick identification and adequate attention should be given to majority needs. Committee of Elders should be established in every local government to intervene during crises at early stages and prevent their escalation.
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Papers by Emma Etim
The broad objective of this study was to critically examine how bureaucracy influences affective commitment in Lagos State Civil Service. The survey design was adopted in this study. In this study, both the primary and secondary data collection methods were used. The data obtained from the administered questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient as statistical tools. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between bureaucracy and affective commitment in Lagos State Civil Service and affective commitment has been noted to be important to the survival and success of any organization. This study concludes that affective commitment which binds the employee to his duties in the organization is largely influenced by bureaucratic principles, especially its overwhelming red-tapism, rigidity, rules and less interest in employee’s creativity and ingenuity. The study recommends that organizations should embrace dynamism and creativity as against excessive bureaucratic principles and that employees who are found to be affectively committed to the organization should be encouraged through appreciations and motivational packages because affective commitment, apart from being the most valued type of organizational commitment, is hard to build and maintain.
Key Words: Affective commitment, Bureaucracy, Civil Service, Lagos State.
Keywords: Democracy, Elections, Politics, Nigeria, Not Too Young To Run Act.
Keywords: Islamic fundamentalism, development, secularism, Almajiri System
The broad objective of this study was to critically examine how bureaucracy influences affective commitment in Lagos State Civil Service. The survey design was adopted in this study. In this study, both the primary and secondary data collection methods were used. The data obtained from the administered questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient as statistical tools. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between bureaucracy and affective commitment in Lagos State Civil Service and affective commitment has been noted to be important to the survival and success of any organization. This study concludes that affective commitment which binds the employee to his duties in the organization is largely influenced by bureaucratic principles, especially its overwhelming red-tapism, rigidity, rules and less interest in employee’s creativity and ingenuity. The study recommends that organizations should embrace dynamism and creativity as against excessive bureaucratic principles and that employees who are found to be affectively committed to the organization should be encouraged through appreciations and motivational packages because affective commitment, apart from being the most valued type of organizational commitment, is hard to build and maintain.
Key Words: Affective commitment, Bureaucracy, Civil Service, Lagos State.
Keywords: Democracy, Elections, Politics, Nigeria, Not Too Young To Run Act.
Keywords: Islamic fundamentalism, development, secularism, Almajiri System