Papers by Samuel Adelani Babarinde
Journal of Applied Agricultural Research, 2024
This study examined the factors influencing beekeeping among subsistence farmers in Ogbomoso sett... more This study examined the factors influencing beekeeping among subsistence farmers in Ogbomoso settlements of southwest Nigeria. A total of 80 rural farmers were randomly selected through a multistage sampling technique. The findings show that 45% of the respondents were between the ages of 31 and 40 years, and the male made up 90% of those engaged in farming in the area. Respondents who had post-primary education were 52.5% of the sample. Most (61.25%) of the farmers surveyed inherited their farmland, which they used to cultivate permanent crops as well as maize and cassava. The ease of acquiring land (Weighted mean score (WMS) = 4.21), the closeness of cropland to a water source (WMS = 4.25), and efficient pest control (WMS = 2.43) were factors that encouraged farmers to practise apiculture. The coefficients of sex and age from the logit regression analysis were positively significant (p = 0.05), suggesting that increase in age and being male would increase the likelihood of farmers to include beekeeping in their farming activities. Based on the study's findings, it was recommended that younger male farmers should be encouraged to integrate apiculture into their farming practices to increase avenues of income generation.
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Jul 3, 2015
A study was carried out on the assessment of selected food produce for pesticide residue in Oyo S... more A study was carried out on the assessment of selected food produce for pesticide residue in Oyo State. With the aid of multi stage sampling technique, 8 selected markets were surveyed in the major constituencies of Oyo State which included Oje and Bodija Market in Ibadan, Arada and Sabo Markets in Ogbomoso, Ajegunle and Araromi Market in Oyo, Owode and Sango Markets in Igboho and Saki respectively in Oke-Ogun. Information on type of pesticide use, reason for choosing the pesticide, method of applying the pesticide and duration of post application storage, were collected. Food produce sampled were yam chips, cowpea, maize and smoked fish for residual analysis. The residual analysis includes extraction of samples, cleaning of extraction and screening of the pesticide using GC-MS to detect any chemical metabolites. The survey reveals that majority (87.5%) of respondents were involved in selling of maize, yam chips and cowpea and the most used pesticide in the market was Aluminium phosphide marketed as phostoxin. Many of respondents applied pesticide by fumigation and the choice of these pesticides was base on customary practices. These food produce are stored for less than a month before being disposed of to consumers. Result from residual analysis shows sample from all the markets contains high percentage of alkane compounds especially the heptadecanes, eicosane, hexadecane and octadecane. Organochlorines were also found in the samples at high percentage. Banned pesticides are still in use in the visited markets and the use of banned pesticide should be prohibited and extension scheme on the use of pesticide on stored produce should be sponsored by government. This will help educate pesticide users on the use of pesticides and its health implications. Consumers are also implored to wash their food very well before consumption so as to remove pesticides that may be present on the seed coat or surface of food produce.
International Letters of Natural Sciences, May 1, 2016
Organochlorine pesticide residues in dried cocoa beans from selected towns in Ondo and Osun State... more Organochlorine pesticide residues in dried cocoa beans from selected towns in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria were determined. Four towns Ondo and Idanre (Ondo State) and Ife and Ilesa (Osun State) were selected to represent cocoa producing areas in the states. Samples were extracted and cleaned-up on silica gel adsorbent. Pesticide residues were detected using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Five organochlorine pesticides were detected in the samples from Ondo state which includes alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, delta-HCH, endrin and p p' DDT. The levels of p p' DDT (0.108 mg/kg and 0.107 mg/kg) detected in samples from Ondo and Idanre towns were lower than the EU MRL (0.5 mg/kg), while other detected organochlorine pesticide residues from the State were higher than the EU MRL. In Osun State, alpha-HCH, lindane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor-epoxide, endosulfan I and p p' DDT were organochlorine pesticide residues detected, with lindane (0.074 mg/kg), endosulfan I (0.099 mg/kg) and p p' DDT (0.235 mg/kg) being lower than EU MRLs. Higher levels of organochlorine pesticide residues than the EU MRLs suggest that the produce were not safe for human consumption because of the tendency of the pestsides to persist for a long period of time and as well bioaccumulate within the environment. The produce can also face trade threat in international market. Measures were suggested to ameliorate this situation.
International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 2009
South African Journal of Botany, Dec 1, 2022
Natural Product Research, Aug 8, 2014
The fumigant toxicity of Xylopia parviflora (A. Rich.) Benth (Annonaceae) root bark&a... more The fumigant toxicity of Xylopia parviflora (A. Rich.) Benth (Annonaceae) root bark's essential oil (EO) against cowpea seed bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus, was investigated in the laboratory. Dose had significant (P < 0.0001) effect on mortality at 6 hours after treatment (HAT) at a concentration of 6.25 μL/mL air which exerted 81.70% mortality, while there was no mortality in all other lower doses. At 12 HAT, 75.05% and 90.00% mortality were observed at doses of 3.15 and 6.25 μL/mL air, respectively. It was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the mortality (50.58%) observed when 0.78 μL/mL air was applied. The lethal time for 50% of assayed adults (LT50) obtained when the bruchid was exposed to X. parviflora EO at a dose of 6.25 μL/mL air (2.71 h) was significantly lower than LT50 obtained at exposure of bruchid to other lower doses of 0.78-3.15 μL/mL air.
Chemistry & Biodiversity, May 18, 2017
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Nigeria grown Hoslundia opposita Vahl (Lamiaceae) dr... more Chemical composition of the essential oil of Nigeria grown Hoslundia opposita Vahl (Lamiaceae) dried leaves and its bioactivity against cowpea seed bruchid
International Journal of Environmental Studies, Jul 15, 2022
Munis Entomology and Zoology, 2019
A preliminary screening was conducted to investigate the potentials of thirteen botanical powders... more A preliminary screening was conducted to investigate the potentials of thirteen botanical powders as cowpea seed protectant against cowpea seed bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus, Fabricius using seed damage parameters. The botanicals included Azadirachta indica, Ekebergia senegalensis, Urginea altissima, Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, Lannea welwitschii, Xylopia parviflora, Usteria guineensis and Antiaris toxicaria. Others were Indigofera arrecta, Hoslundia opposita, Cleome ciliata and Lagerra aurita. All the botanicals, except L. aurita, showed potentials for cowpea protectant ability against the seed bruchid. Using Bruchid Perforation Index (BPI) values, the most effective powders were A. indica (2.95), A. toxicoria (2.07) and H. opposita (2.64) which BPI values were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of L. aurita (26.46). Percentage Seed damage (PSD) varied with the studied botanicals (2.10-41.32%) and significantly (p<0.05) lower in the botanical-treated seeds compared to the untreated control (98.28%). The effective botanicals are, therefore, recommended for tropical resource-poor subsistent farmers for use in their small scale cowpea postharvest storage and for further studies to elucidate other effective formulations and their active ingredients.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Jul 7, 2017
Essential oils (EO) obtained from Xylopia parviflora root bark and Hoslundia opposita leaf via hy... more Essential oils (EO) obtained from Xylopia parviflora root bark and Hoslundia opposita leaf via hydro distillation were analysed by GC-MS and evaluated for their insectifugal (repellent) and insecticidal activities against cowpea seed bruchid (Callosbruchus maculatus Fabricius), a cosmopolitan pest of cowpea seeds. X. parviflora was predominated by sesquiterpenes (59.57%), with the main compounds being β-himachalene (22.68%), 1,7,7,Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5en-2-ol (19.68%), β-elemene (14.41%), 5(1H)-Azulenone, 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 8 ah e x a h y d r o-3 , 8-d i m e t h y l-4-(1methylethylidene)-(85-cis)-(12.38%) and (−)-α-parasinsen (8.34%). The predominant compounds in H. opposita EO were 1,8-cineole (61.15%), followed by α-terpineol (16.81%) and βphellandrene (13.25%). Percentage repellence at application rates of 0.66-1.32 μl/cm 2 (46.93-73.07%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of control (17.73%). RD 50 (repellence dose for 50% of treated adults) for H. opposita (0.43 μl/cm 2) was not significantly different from the value for X. parviflora (0.60 μl/cm 2). Although higher percentage of male mortality than female mortality was observed due to topical application of the EOs, the disparity was not significant. The results of correlation of the chemical groups of the EOs with the insectifugal activity indicate that the observed bioactivity was due to the synergistic effects of the chemical groups. The two EOs are therefore recommended for incorporation into bruchid protection schemes in the tropics.
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, Mar 1, 2022
The use of synthetic insecticides to control stored product insects causes various health and Eco... more The use of synthetic insecticides to control stored product insects causes various health and Ecological challenges to man. Therefore, there is a need for alternative formulations like plant materials with the least possible side effects for the effective control of cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), a cosmopolitan pest of pulses. This study evaluated the efficacy of insecticidal dust formulations using three botanicals (Piper guineense, Dennettia tripetala and Ocimum gratissimum), three excipients (rice bran, maize husk and cowpea pod husk), admixed at ratios 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70 botanical to an excipient, for the control of C. maculatus. Four particle sizes (212, 300, 500 and 1000 µm) applied at dosages of 0.1-0.5 g / 20 g cowpea seeds were assayed and untreated cowpea seeds served as controls. Ten C. maculatus adults (sex ratio 1:1) were used to infest the treated and untreated cowpea seeds separately in Petri dishes. Data were collected on mortality, Oviposition, F1 progeny emergence and damaged cowpea seeds. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated with Least Significant Difference at a 5% significance level. All dosage ratios of the formulated dusts caused significantly (p˂ 0.05) higher mortality of bruchids, reduced the number of laid eggs, F1 progeny emergence and damaged cowpea seeds due to C. maculatus infestation. Regardless of the assayed botanical, 212 µm particle size was outstanding and the formulation ratio of 70:30 (botanical: excipient) was significantly (p˂ 0.05) better than other formulation ratios. The formulation with P. guineense with any excipient at 0.5 g/ 20 g cowpea seeds using 212 µm was superior to other formulations as cowpea protectant against C. maculatus. Therefore, it is recommended as an alternative to over-dependence on synthetic insecticides.
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dec 6, 2017
Toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich. (Anacardiaceae) leaf and bark and Azadirachta indica A. J... more Toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich. (Anacardiaceae) leaf and bark and Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) leaf extracts against Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was evaluated under the laboratory conditions (77±4% relative humidity and 27±3 o C temperature). When extracted doses were compared, mortality was dose-and exposure period-dependent. At 1 DAT, A. indica leaf extract had significantly (p<0.05) higher mortality (12.50-15.00%) than that of S. birrea bark extract (5.00-15.50%). However at 5 DAT, when 0.45 ml/33 cm 2 was applied, mortality was not significantly (p>0.05) different and ranged from 91.25 to 97.5% for all the botanicals. When the extracting solvents were compared, mortality was exposure period-dependent with highest percentage mortality (99.17%) recorded at 5 DAT in S. birrea petroleum ether leaf extract, which was significantly higher than that of mortality observed in filter paper treated with the petroleum ether extracts of other botanicals. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of the two studied solvents. The results highlight the insecticidal potentials of the selected Nigerian-grown botanicals against maize weevil and recommend them as component of weevil Integrated Pest Management, in the areas where the botanicals are abundant.
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Mar 30, 2015
Four apicultural products (honey, bee wax, slum gum and propolis) were evaluated for their potent... more Four apicultural products (honey, bee wax, slum gum and propolis) were evaluated for their potentials to attract the African honey bee (Apis mellifera adansonii) colony into artificial hives and their effect on infestation by apicultural insect pests. Ten grammes each of propolis, bee wax and slum gum and 10 ml of honey were applied at the flight entrance, walls of the hives and on the top bars. Data were collected on type and number of pre-colonization pests, hive colonization, colony weight gain, weight of matured harvested combs and weight of extracted honey from the harvested combs. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using analysis of variance and means were separated with Tukeys' HSD at 5% level of probability. Slum gum-baited hives were the first to be colonized (10 days post hive installation) (DPI), followed by bee wax (26.5 DPI). Bee wax however had the highest percentage hive colonization (66.67%) which was not significantly (P>0.05) different from 33.33% observed in other apicultural products. Weight gain on weekly basis did not follow a regular pattern for 2-10 weeks after colonization (WAC); but at 12-16 WAC, hives baited with bee wax had the highest weekly weight gain. In terms of total harvest, the performance of the different baiting materials was as follows: slum gum > bee wax > honey > propolis. However, percentage honey yield was highest in hives baited with bee wax and lowest in propolis-baited hives. The two pests encountered at the pre-colonization stage were waiver ant (Oecophylla longinuda) and sugar ant (Camponotus consobrinus). O. longinuda was significantly (P<0.05) highest (17.33) in honey baited hives than any other baiting material at 2 DPI. Slum gum and honey attracted more sugar ants at 2-4 DPI than bee wax. At 3 DPI, O. longinuda was significantly (P<0.05) higher in slum gum than bee wax; but the later performed better with significantly lower level of pre-colonization pest infestation.
Journal of biologically active products from nature, Nov 1, 2016
Acetone and chloroform extracts of the seed of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) we... more Acetone and chloroform extracts of the seed of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) were evaluated in the laboratory for their insecticidal effect on the adult Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Adult mortality was assayed using 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml of extract per 20 g cowpea. Five dosages (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ml) of X. aethiopica extracts per 20 g cowpea seed were used to determine the oviposition, adult emergence and seed damage by C. maculatus. Untreated control and solventtreated control were included. At 3 and 5 days after treatment (DAT), percentage mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cowpea treated with chloroform extract (46.53 %, and 62.45 %, respectively) than what obtained in acetone extract (34.2 % and 52.43 %, respectively) of X. aethiopica. Application of extract at 1.0 ml/20 g seed caused significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage mortality when compared with the solvent treated controls. The LD 50 (0.42 and 0.02 ml/20 g seed) for chloroform extract at 3 and 5 DAT were smaller than values for acetone (0.78 and 0.17 ml/20 g seed) at the same duration after exposure, respectively. LT 50 for acetone and chloroform extract was 2.21 and 1.76 h, respectively. The number of eggs laid on cowpea treated with 1.0 ml/ 20 g seed was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the number of eggs laid on the solvent-treated control and seeds treated with 0.2 ml/ 20 g. Percentage seed damaged significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increased concentration, while the highest damage was obtained in solvent-treated cowpea seeds.
Nigerian Journal of Animal Production
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown surpasses the health sector. A multi- disciplinary t... more The impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown surpasses the health sector. A multi- disciplinary team of experts in agriculture including crop, livestock, economics and extension drew out a questionnaire on areas of impact, mitigation and constraints imposed by COVID-19 and accompanied lockdown. The survey was administered online to farmers in South-west, Nigeria. A total of 1,080 respondents from Oyo, Osun, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo and Lagos States (319, 225, 119, 213, 202 and 78, respectively) responded. Obtained data for this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation). The study revealed that COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown had a devastating impact on Agriculture/livestock activities and the value chain. Most of the respondents were married, active males (x=44 years) and livestock farmers. The respondents perceived that producer/farmers and marketers (64-66%) were profoundly affected while agro-processors and input/agrochemi...
Journal of entomological research, 2008
Toxicity and repellency properties of different mixtures of Xylopia aethiopica and Tithonia diver... more Toxicity and repellency properties of different mixtures of Xylopia aethiopica and Tithonia diversifolia against Nasutitermes were assayed by taking three combinations (100% X. aethiopica (T1), 50% X. aethiopica + 50% T. diversifolia (T2) and 100% T. diversifolia (T3) and control (T0). After 24 hour fermentation of plant materials, T3 consistently caused significantly lowest percentage mortality at 1–24 hour after treatment (HAT). T1 was not significantly different from T2 in mortatiy at 1, 6 and 24 HAT which ranged from 11.07–45.53%. T1 caused the highest percentage repellency (66.67).
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2014
A 56-day feeding trial involving 72, day-old Anak broilers was carried out in a completely random... more A 56-day feeding trial involving 72, day-old Anak broilers was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the performance and organ characteristic of broilers fed Cirina forda larva meals at dietary levels 100, 50 and 0 % and tagged Feeds A,B and C respectively. The feeds were compounded as Feed A, 100% C. forda and 0% fishmeal; Feed B, 50% C. forda and 50% fishmeal and lastly, Feed C, 0% C. forda and 100% fishmeal. At the starter and finisher stages of the birds, daily feed intake, mean weight gain, and final body weight were significantly different (P<0.05) among the birds with those fed with Feeds A and B recording higher values than Feed C. In the entire carcass parameters measured, significant difference (p<0.05) was established. The dressing weight percentage and live-weights of birds showed significant difference (p < 0.05); birds fed with Feeds A and B recorded higher values than those fed Feed C. The relative weights of seven visceral organs of broilers fed with Feed C were in all cases significantly higher (P<0.05) than the birds fed with Feeds A and B. The relative weights of the visceral organs decrease with increase content of C. forda larva. This investigation has revealed that, feeds compounded from C. forda larva could be used not only to compound feed for broiler birds, it can facilitate higher growth values at lower inclusion levels like conventional feeds.
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2018
Rind of matured fruits of Citrus jambhiri Lush was hydro-distilled to obtain essential oil (EO) w... more Rind of matured fruits of Citrus jambhiri Lush was hydro-distilled to obtain essential oil (EO) which was subjected to Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The EO was evaluated for fumigant toxicity (at 27- 107µL/L air) and repellence against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky). Area preference methodology was used to evaluate the repellence of the EO at 0.15-0.9 µL/cm2, while isopropanol served as control for both bioassays. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized design and data were subjected to analysis of variance and probit analysis. Fifty-two compounds were identified in the EO with the predominant compounds being a-terpineol (8.03%), citral (7.00%), 4-terpineol (6.52%), caryophellene (4.58%), cis-geraniol (4.44%), citronellal (4.38%), s-bisabolene (4.01%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (4.70%). Others were a- bergamotene (3.74%), lemonol (3.23%), precocene I (3.33%) and s-copaene (3.09%). Toxicity progressed with EO dose and exposure perio...
International Letters of Natural Sciences, May 11, 2016
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Papers by Samuel Adelani Babarinde