TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT

This study examined the cost of traffic congestion on workers’ productivity in Lagos, Nigeria. The study adopted multi-stage sampling technique. Transport corridors prone to congestion were purposively selected. Quoted companies along the selected corridors were stratified and workers in the selected companies were randomly selected. A total of 510 respondents were randomly sampled from the 5100 workers of six (6) selected companies to elicit information on time spent in congestion, costs of traffic congestion and effect of traffic congestion on their performance.  Multivariate Regression was used to analyse the effect of cost, time and commuting distance (independent variables) on the performance of workers (dependent variable).  Result of MANOVA revealed that 15.6 per cent of variation in workers’ productivity is accounted for by traffic congestion. Based on the Multivariate Regression, it was found that average distance covered (km) ( F = 3.39, p = 0.0015 ), time (min) F = 12.51 p = 0.0000 ) and costs (N) ( F = 31.79, p = 0.0000) are significantly related to traffic congestion.  Estimates of costs of traffic congestion on workers’ productivity showed that lateness in the time bracket of 90 minutes is significant ( p< 0.05 ) but negatively related to workers’ productivity. The study concluded that there is inverse relationship between traffic congestion and workers’ productivity, implying that increase in the rate of traffic congestion will lead to low productivity. Therefore, the study recommended that government should endeavour to effect policies that are capable of reducing traffic congestion on the roads in order to improve free flow of traffic that would significantly improve the productivity of workers in both the public and private sectors of the national economy.

Key Words: Congestion, Productivity, Cost, Traffic, workers.

The increase in number of domestic airlines operators flying same routes has resulted in upsurge in competition for traffic among airline operators in Nigeria. In this light, this study evaluated Nigeria domestic airline services that are preferred by numerous airline passengers in the country. The study was carried out in Lagos; between September 3 rd and 19 th of October 2014. Random sampling technique was used for the study. Data were collected with pretested and validated questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to 550 airline passengers. Information was gathered on air traveler's socio-economic characteristics, airline service characteristics, airlines of choice and the attributes that influences their preference decision. Data collected were analysed using conjoint analysis. Findings from the study showed that price (3.30) is the most preferred attribute followed by flight convenience (2.968), frequency of flight (2.906), comfort (1.294) and lastly courtesy (1.038) of the total utility of 11.506. However, the utility estimate shows higher preference for good on board comfort with a utility value of (1.294) over the excellent on board comfort while courtesy on the part of airline staff and workers contributes (1.038) of the total utility of 11.548 is next preferred by sampled airline passengers. The result concluded that airline passengers would prefer domestic airline with particular characteristics which are in order of off peak price, flight convenience in the morning, frequency of flight for 3 to 4 times daily, good on board comfort and good courtesy from staff. Thus Airline operators need to take the identified attributes preferred by customers very serious in provision of their services.

This paper work focuses on customer satisfaction as a major outcome of marketing activity and the aim of BRT operators fulfilling the individual customer’s needs. Bus services are seen as unreliable, inconvenient and dangerous. However, there is an alternative between poor service and high municipal debt. BRT can provide high-quality, metro-like transit service at a fraction of the cost of other options. The aim of this study involves the use of SERVQUAL instrument to ascertain any actual or perceived gaps between BRT customer expectations and perceptions of the service offered. The methodology used in this study is descriptive statistics analysis from the survey conducted with the use of structured questionnaire to determine the mean of expectation and the mean of perception (BRT Service). The finding reveals satisfaction in three (3) service dimensions and dissatisfaction in two (2) service dimensions. This paper, therefore, recommends that BRT personnel should be trained on good customer service relations and also managers should improve their weak points and increase their knowledge by gaining more information about commuters’ need.

This study examined the factors inhibiting aviation cargo logistics in Nigeria. The study adopted multi-stage sampling technique. Air cargo service companies were purposely selected. Eight (8) quoted air cargo companies were stratified and air freight forwarders of each company were equally randomly selected. Three hundred (450) questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and 445 were retrieved. Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to identify the major factors inhibiting aviation cargo logistics in Nigeria. The result showed that increasing fuel price (RII = 0.944), custom bottlenecks (R.I.I = 0.908), high cost of ground handling (R.I.I. = 0.906) and security treats (R.I.I = 0.842) are the most identified factors inhibiting aviation cargo logistics. Furthermore, the result showed that weather conditions and uncertainties at airports were ranked equally hence (R.I.I = 0.640) while changing inventory strategies and mode shifting have the least ranking with (R.I.I = 0.548) and (R.I.I = 0.517) respectively. Conclusively, the study recommended that since increasing fuel price, custom bottlenecks, high cost of ground handling and security treats are found to inhibitaviation cargo logistics, relevant stakeholders and Federal Government of Nigeria should design trade off to accommodate these factors.

The paper examined the Supply Chain Operations Reference of the SCOR model indicators (Reliability, Responsiveness, Agility, Cost and Asset) as a way to measure, improve and benchmark various Supply Chain performances in the Aviation Industry. The study adopted purposive sampling technique. Five airlines were selected because they operate both international and domestic routes; five airports were equally selected because they operate both international and local flights while the five subcontractors selected were common to all the airlines (the airlines were asked to name their subcontractors). Questionnaire were distributed based on the structured of aviation industry in all 115 questionnaires sent only 102 were returned. Multiple regression was used to analyse the result. Findings from the research show that the five explanatory variables independently made significant contribution to the supply chain performance, though at different degree. The most potent contributor happen to be reliability (β=0.76), closely followed by cost (β= 0.563), next to it is responsiveness (β= 0.458), follow by agility (β= 0.361) and assets made the least contribution with (β= 0.310). The result underpinned the significance of customer satisfaction, cost reduction and feedback through a reliable, responsive, agile, cost and asset systems in the aviation industry. The study recommended that emphasis should be given to SCOR model in aviation sector through enhanced supply chain system.

This study examined the factors inhibiting aviation cargo logistics in Nigeria. The study adopted multi-stage sampling technique. Air cargo service companies were purposely selected. Eight (8) quoted air cargo companies were stratified and air freight forwarders of each company were equally randomly selected. Three hundred (450) questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and 445 were retrieved. Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to identify the major factors inhibiting aviation cargo logistics in Nigeria. The result showed that increasing fuel price (RII = 0.944), custom bottlenecks (R.I.I = 0.908), high cost of ground handling (R.I.I. = 0.906) and security treats (R.I.I = 0.842) are the most identified factors inhibiting aviation cargo logistics. Furthermore, the result showed that weather conditions and uncertainties at airports were ranked equally hence (R.I.I = 0.640) while changing inventory strategies and mode shifting have the least ranking with (R.I.I = 0.548) and (R.I.I = 0.517) respectively. Conclusively, the study recommended that since increasing fuel price, custom bottlenecks, high cost of ground handling and security treats are found to inhibitaviation cargo logistics, relevant stakeholders and Federal Government of Nigeria should design trade off to accommodate these factors.

This research work reported the results of the investigation of air pollution from automobile and other anthropogenic sources at intersections of ten (10) Selected Busy Junctions in Ogbomoso, South Western, Nigeria. TEN (10) sampling sites were considered with the sampler, aerosol mass monitor (831) placed 1-1.5m above the ground level and 1m far away from the edge of the road. Particulate matter less than 1.0, 2.5, 4.0 and 10µm were monitored in rush hour (RH) and non –rush Hour (NRH) period. The results of PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0, PM10 were in the range of 1.03 – 4.35µg/m3, 5.71 – 70.15µg/m3, 13.96 – 476.88µg/m3, 36.35 – 1013.34µg/m3 respectively. The particulate concentration of PM10 was highest at Takie Junction with a value of 1013.34µg/m3 while that of PM10 was found to be highest at Federal Government College (FGC) junction with a value of 4.35µg/m3, PM2.5 was also found to be highest at FGC junction with a value of 70.15µg/m3 and finally, PM4.0 was found to be highest at Takie Junction with a value of 132.76µg/m3. The highest value of PM10 with a value of 1013.34µg/m3 was due to traffic congestion, traffic intersection and dust from the untarred roads. PM2.5 and PM10 when compared with the standard provided by WHO (2006) showed that out of all the ten locations, Takie and FGC junction were above the standard for PM2.5 while Agbowo, Ojagbo, FGC, Arowomole, Takie, Arada, Orita Naira, Oke Anu were above the standard for PM10

The application and development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have already had significant effects on many industries, especially in the field of freight distribution. This paper examines the impact of ICT on the performance of freight distribution in terms of supply chain, logistics and fleet management. A survey was conducted to 77 ICT users from 22 companies consisting of 6 manufacturers, 5 third part logistics, 4 freight forwarders, 5 warehouse operators, 8 wholesalers and retailers. A descriptive statistical analysis was used to analysis the data obtained. One of the major findings of the research is the impact level of ICT use by Freight industries in Lagos and Ogun State which falls into moderate impact on their performance as majority of them only use the low technology for information gathering. It was discovered that the major barrier to use of ICT is the acquisition cost. Government needs to promote a sharing of knowledge about the use and the role of ICT in logistics with logistics firms by facilitating a demonstration of technology solution and expand innovative public and private financing methods in generating finance and building skills for the development of ICT capacity

This study examined the impact of road traffic congestion on workers' performance in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria.The population for this study emanated from the staff of eight (8) purposely sampled quoted companies within Lagos metropolis one each from each of the following sectors: Telecommunication, Tourism & Hospitality, Financial Institution, Oil and Gas, Food, Production/Manufacturing, Shipping and Trading that comprises of 5340 staff where 534 respondents were randomly sampled. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 534 sampled staff of the eight selected companies. Information was solicited on how traffic congestion affect their effectiveness, efficiency, development, satisfaction, innovation, quality of work and how it affect the set target at work. Workers performance measures the bottom-line results on which traffic congestion variables has an impact. The performance construct was indicated by items such as effectiveness, efficiency, career progression of worker, satisfaction, innovation, and quality of work. These data were subsequently analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The result shows that time loss due to congestion has no significant effect on quality and efficiency of work carried out by workers. While time loss due to congestion is positive and significantly related to effectiveness of workers (t = 2.851, p < 0.05). In the same vain time loss due to congestion has a negative and significant effect on career progression of worker (t=-0.310, p<0.05) and satisfaction (t =-4.392, p<0.05) of workers. The study recommended that since traffic congestion is found to negate productivity of workers, relevant stakeholders should devise other means of transportation such as rail and water where applicable, to ease congestion and enhanced performance of workers. If employers of labour can provide accommodation close to their respective place of work, the negative effect of distance could be minimized. It is equally recommended that congestion pricing policy should be introduced.

This paper examines the fundamental changes in air transportation in the last two decades brought about by globalization, liberalization and privatization, some of which have implications for safety and security regulations.  The areas identified to have safety and security implications were grouped into two: air transportation activity occurring within a single country and those that involve multiple parties in different countries. The methodology adopted in this study is purely descriptive analysis of existing literature on air service liberalization, safety and security and airline operations before and after air service liberalization.  The findings revealed that economic liberalization, as well as the evolution of business and operating practices, have implications for safety and security regulation, which need to be addressed properly.  The paper recommends that due regard should be paid to its impact on safety and security so that a more coherent policy may be developed.

This study examined the relative importance of the transportation sectors in the Nigerian economy by exploring the extent of the inter-sectorial connectedness of transportation sectors with other sectors of the economy. Using input-output table for 2011, the backward and forward linkages for road transport, rail transport & pipelines, water transport, air transport and transport services in Nigeria were computed. Road transport was found to be forward and backward oriented, while rail transport & pipelines, water transport, air transport and transport services were found to be backward-oriented. The role of government and private sector in revamping the sector was emphasised.

This study examined the relationship between waste management logistics and identified metrics for waste management logistics performance. Secondly, the study assessed the various challenges inhibiting the performance of LAWMA in the State. Random table sampling and purposive sampling were used to select 47 waste collection centres with 10 questionnaires distributed per centre (470 in total) across the 20 Local Government Areas (LGA) in Lagos State. However, only 339 questionnaires were retrieved from the sampled population. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict the relationship between waste management logistics and identified metrics for waste logistics performance. Descriptive statistics was used to explain the challenges of the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA). The results established that the volume of solid waste and commitment of staff are crucial to waste management logistics and one factor that strongly affects waste logistics is traffic in the metropolis. Conclusively, waste collection turnaround must be increased and government and private investors should provide enabling infrastructure and trained personnel for effective solid waste management in Lagos metropolis.

Abstract:
This article examined the influence of strategic procurement outsourcing on Nigerian Breweries Public Liability Limited Company’s productivity. The objectives of the study were to examine the reasons Nigerian Breweries Plc outsource the procurement of items used in production of the company’s product; to determine whether procurement of the items used in the production increases the company’s productivity or not; and lastly, to assess the contributions of the identified factors that inhibit the smooth flow of procurement activities of the companies. Out of the 191 sampled size of the production staffs selected for the study, only 131 returned the questionnaires used for the survey. The two most rated factors that made the company to outsource are; Expertise skills and lack of raw materials; Patent right and ability to focus on main activity of the company. The research through PPMC, concluded that; there is positive correlation between procurement outsourcing and company’s productivity. Suppliers’ delay and problems of transportation were the potent factors that hinder the flow of procurement by the company as they were both statistically significant with p<0.05. There is crucial need for the company to increase the suppliers so as to create
necessary competition as the company will be dealing with the most competent suppliers and reliable transportation firms.
Key words:
Strategic, Procurement, Outsourcing, Nigerian Breweries Plc.

Private Universities in Nigeria have a relentless goal of keeping their procurement cost down as most of them depend solely on tution fees. In the past, companies would mostly look to make cost-savings from headcount reductions or internal re-organisation. Now they are increasingly turning to procurement and strategic sourcing as a means for cost reduction in procurement. The study examined the impact of effective negotiation in realization of procurement goals in Redeemer's University. The research was conducted through the use of self-administered questionnaire to obtain primary data. The study had sample size of 206. Purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents that are involved in procurement for the University for the Study. Descriptive analysis and linear regression analysis were used in analyzing the obtained data. The results indicated that effective negotiation is a strong procurement strategy in Redeemer's University and has a significant impact in realization of procurement goals. The study concluded that Redeemer's University procurement goals are realizable with effective negotiation strategy.

This study examined the relationship between waste management logistics and identified metrics for waste management logistics performance. Secondly, the study assessed the various challenges inhibiting the performance of LAWMA in the State. Random table sampling and purposive sampling were used to select 47 waste collection centres with 10 questionnaires distributed per centre (470 in total) across the 20 Local Government Areas (LGA) in Lagos State. However, only 339 questionnaires were retrieved from the sampled population. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict the relationship between waste management logistics and identified metrics for waste logistics performance. Descriptive statistics was used to explain the challenges of the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA). The results established that the volume of solid waste and commitment of staff are crucial to waste management logistics and one factor that strongly affects waste logistics is traffic in the metropolis. Conclusively, waste collection turnaround must be increased and government and private investors should provide enabling infrastructure and trained personnel for effective solid waste management in Lagos metropolis.

This study analysed cargo airline services and cargo delivery in Nigeria. The focus was on identifying the disparity between expected and perceived airline service quality on cargo delivery. This study was carried out in Lagos State, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select 239 freight forwarders agents that operate in the Cargo Terminal of Muritatal Muhammed International Airport, Lagos State. SERVQUAL model and t-test were used to analyse the disparity between expectations and perceptions of airline service quality. SERVQUAL model average gap score is -0.126 which implies that customers are not satisfied with cargo airline service quality. Moreover, the findings revealed that there is a negative disparity between customer expectations and perceptions of airline service quality on air cargo delivery with Reliability having the lowest negative t-value of (-34.409), followed by Tangibles with a t-value of (-23.300), Responsiveness has a t-value of (-12.910), Assurance fo...

The contributions of logistics functions to the performance of an organization have been the subject of research over the years. Thus, this present study further examined the effect of outbound logistics functions on financial performance of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Panel data regression analysis was employed to test the effect of logistics functions on financial performance of the selected companies over a period of five years (2015-2019). Logistic functions costs and financial performance indicators were extracted from secondary data.  The findings of the study showed that logistics function has a positive and significant effect on financial performance of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Therefore, the companies are implored to pay more attention to logistics functions when aiming at a better financial performance.