Dr. Bhagya R, Associate Professor at RV College of Engineering, inElectronics and Telecommunication Engineering since 2007. B.E (Electronics Address: India
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2014
A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems... more A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems has been carried out for three different types of detectors at the receiver end by determining the transmit diversity using OSTBC multiplexing techniques. The transmission characteristics of the MIMO system have been determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation schemes presuming Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and for the flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, equalization detection technique are determined by combining Successive Interference Cancellation with Zero Forcing (ZF-SIC), Minimum Mean Square Equalization (MMSE-SIC) and Maximum Likelihood (ML-SIC) has been employed for determining the BER Vs SNR performance of the communication channel. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-3 , the SNR increases with higher modulation schemes from BPSK to 16-QAM. Further the results of the analysis for different detector systems indicate that for BPSK modulation at BER ~10-3 , the SNR values are found to be ~24.46 dB for ZF-SIC, SNR ~20.6 dB for MMSE-SIC and SNR ~14.46 dB for ML-SIC detectors. Thus the BER performance of 2X2 MIMO-OSTBC transmission channel shows the reduction of SNR ~10 dB for ML detectors. A comparison of the MIMO performance with OSTBC multiplexing techniques indicate that the 2x2 MIMO-OSTBC transmission channel for BPSK modulation depicts better performance for OSTBC multiplexing with ML detector system at the receiving end. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
Journal of Engineering Research and Studies , 2011
A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna syste... more A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna systems has been carried out by determining the transmit diversity using Alamouti Space Time Block Coding (STBC) techniques. The transmission characteristics are determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) has been used presuming flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, linear equalization techniques such as Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) were employed for computing BER. It is found that to achieve BER values of 10-4 , for BPSK modulation the required SNR ~11dB, for QPSK modulation the SNR ~15dB and for 16-QAM modulation the SNR ~27dB for STBC transmission. The results indicate that the STBC multiplexing schemes show an overall improvement of ~12dB between 16-QAM and QPSK modulation. and 16dB improvement between 16-QAM modulation and BPSK modulation for the same BER values of 10-4. The STBC multiplexing for digital transmission shows significant improvement in BER performance with higher levels of digital modulation. The results derived from MATLAB simulations are presented and discussed in the paper.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST), 2015
A detailed study of the performance of MIMO-OFDM transmission on WLAN physical layer specified in... more A detailed study of the performance of MIMO-OFDM transmission on WLAN physical layer specified in IEEE 802.11n, Wi-MAX (IEEE 802.16-2009) physical layer specified in 802.16 and LTE downlink physical channel (PDSCH) has been carried out using MATLAB Simulink. The WLAN and Wi-MAX system incorporates Convolution coding with 1/2 and 2⁄3 rated codes. The LTE incorporates Turbo coding with 1/2 and 2/3 rated codes. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) accesses uses adaptive modulation technique such as QPSK,16-QAM and 64-QAM, on the physical layer of WLAN, Wi-MAX and LTE and the concept of cyclic prefix that adds additional bits at the transmitter end. The Error Rate (BER) derived from simulation results show that the implementation with interleaved Convolution coding and Turbo coding under QPSK modulation technique is found to be highly efficient for WLAN, Wi-MAX and LTE wireless network system. The Implementation of MIMO-OFDM multiplexing on WLAN networks with QPSK modulation at BER ~10-3 dB, exhibits significant improvement in SNR ~ 2.75 dB, Wi-MAX network SNR ~ 3.75 dB and LTE network SNR ~7.55 dB. The improvement of SNR ~4.8 dB displayed between the MIMO-OFDM implementation on WLAN and LTE network can be attributed to the Turbo coding techniques adopted in LTE networks.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2014
A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems... more A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems has been carried out for three different types of detectors at the receiver end by determining the transmit diversity using OSTBC multiplexing techniques. The transmission characteristics of the MIMO system have been determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation schemes presuming Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and for the flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, equalization detection technique are determined by combining Successive Interference Cancellation with Zero Forcing (ZF-SIC), Minimum Mean Square Equalization (MMSE-SIC) and Maximum Likelihood (ML-SIC) has been employed for determining the BER Vs SNR performance of the communication channel. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-3 , the SNR increases with higher modulation schemes from BPSK to 16-QAM. Further the results of the analysis for different detector systems indicate that for BPSK modulation at BER ~10-3 , the SNR values are found to be ~24.46 dB for ZF-SIC, SNR ~20.6 dB for MMSE-SIC and SNR ~14.46 dB for ML-SIC detectors. Thus the BER performance of 2X2 MIMO-OSTBC transmission channel shows the reduction of SNR ~10 dB for ML detectors. A comparison of the MIMO performance with OSTBC multiplexing techniques indicate that the 2x2 MIMO-OSTBC transmission channel for BPSK modulation depicts better performance for OSTBC multiplexing with ML detector system at the receiving end. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
The recent digital revolution has resulted in more integration of robots than ever before in vari... more The recent digital revolution has resulted in more integration of robots than ever before in various domains such as agriculture, medicine, industry, military, police, and logistics. Autonomous robots are one of the most powerful fields. One of the most potent disciplines is autonomous robots. Numerous open-source communities, where the Raspberry Pi is primarily employed in multiutility or multi-functional robotic projects, would benefit from this. The robot formerly had both a GSM modem and a GPS receiver. A robotic system powered by a Raspberry Pi has been proposed to identify intruders and alert the control panel.
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJECE), 2013
A combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequenc... more A combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as a promising solution for enhancing the performance of next generation wireless local area network (WLAN) systems.Because of the rapid growth of Digital Communication in recent years, the need for high speed data transmission is increased. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is suitable for high speed communication and it utilizes the bandwidth efficiently [1]. MIMO-OFDM is a combination of OFDM and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) techniques suitable for design of multiuser system and robust against channel impairments. In this paper we have implemented MIMO-OFDM for WLAN (IEEE802.11a) standard. This paper compares bit error rate (BER) performance of Simulink based MIMO-OFDM model for different modulation technique. Here we have used BPSK, QPSK and M-QAM modulation techniques.
International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE), 2016
Wireless technologies have blossomed in the recent decades. The large scale deployments of wirele... more Wireless technologies have blossomed in the recent decades. The large scale deployments of wireless networks have revolutionized the way people live, which brings a great deal of convenience and enjoyment to people. These days, people have become more and more dependent on these wireless technologies (i.e. Cellular technologies) but with great technologies there are also greater risks and threats. Therefore Encryptions are used in all standards to ensure the confidentiality of the data. Encryptions can be implemented in the different layers of a network protocol stack. Conventional encryption performs the bitwise XOR operation to generate one ciphertext. The proposed encryption scheme provide confidentialities on the user data by performing the phase encryption on the time domain OFDM samples in LTE system with reduced keysize. Phase encryption is performed on the modulated symbols. Therefore, first mathematical models for XOR and phase encryptions for OFDM based under different channel is found and then compare these two encryption methods in terms of their security and encryption efficiency. Finally, simulations is done to compare the performance of these two encryption scheme in terms of their decoding symbol error rate.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , 2012
This paper proposes design and
implementation of high throughput adaptive digital
filter. The F... more This paper proposes design and implementation of high throughput adaptive digital filter. The Filter structure is based on Fast Block LMS and Distributed Arithmetic (DA). With DA we can able to calculate inner product by shifting and accumulating of partial products and storing in Look up table, also the desired filter will be multiplier less. Thus DA based implementation of adaptive filter is highly computational, power and area efficient. DA based architecture map well to the today’s Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) architecture. FPGA results conforms that proposed DA based filter requires 50% less area and 50% less power than that of FBLMS.
International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2011
A detailed analysis of the performance of 4×4 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna syste... more A detailed analysis of the performance of 4×4 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system has been carried out using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The transmission characteristics are determined for BPSK and 16-QAM digital modulation. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) has been used for the channel. On the receiver side, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) receiver techniques have been employed for computing the BER performance. The simulation results show that, for BER of ~10-4 , the SNR achieved are significantly higher. The results indicate for BPSK modulation the SNR ~ 9 dB, and for 16-QAM modulation the SNR ~13 dB. The MIMO-OFDM multiplexing scheme show a overall improvement of ~ 4.0 dB for BER values of 10-4 between BPSK and 16-QAM modulation. A comparison of the performance of present MIMO-OFDM multiplexing system with MIMO-CDMA system and common MCMC receiver indicates that, the MIMO-OFDM Multiplexing exhibits a better BER performance for 16-QAM digital modulation. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna syste... more A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system has been carried out by determining the transmit diversity using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The transmission characteristics are determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) has been used presuming flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, linear equalization techniques such as Zero Forcing (ZF) were employed for computing the BER performance. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-4 , the SNR achieved are found to be significantly high. The results indicate SNR ~32dB for BPSK modulation, the SNR ~37dB for QPSK modulation and the SNR ~40dB for 16-QAM modulation over OFDM transmission. The MIMO-OFDM multiplexing schemes show a overall improvement of ~ 8 dB for BER values of 10-4 between 16-QAM modulation and BPSK modulation. Further a detailed comparison of the performance of OFDM multiplexing with STBC multiplexing for MIMO transmission shows large improvement in BER performance for OFDM with digital modulation. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2012
A Detailed Analysis Of 2×2 MIMO (Multiple Input
Multiple Output) Combined With OFDM (Orthogonal ... more A Detailed Analysis Of 2×2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Combined With OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Transmission System And BPSK Modulation Has Been Carried Out. The BER Performance Of The System Has Been Determined For Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Presuming Flat Fading Rayleigh Channel. On The Receiver Side Linear Equalization Techniques Such As Zero Force Equalizer (ZF) And Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Detectors Were Employed For Studying The BER Performance. The Simulation Results Show That For BER Of ~10-4 , The SNR Required Are ~34 Db For ZF Equalizer And ~31db For MMSE Equalizer. The Simulation Results Indicate That The MMSE Equalizer Shows Better Performance ~3 Db Over The ZF Equalizer. Further Comparison Of The 2X2 MIMO Performance Of OFDM With STBC Multiplexing Indicates Comparable BER Performances. The Simulation Results Are Presented And Discussed In The Paper
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), 2020
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication comprises a wireless network where automobiles send messag... more Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication comprises a wireless network where automobiles send messages to each other with information in real time. This data would include speeds, fire alert, crisis management, location, direction of travel, braking and loss of stability. The main concern of vehicle to vehicle communication technology via LI-FI is to eliminate costly and lifethreatening traffic collisions. Li-Fi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to those currently in use in many energy-conscious homes and offices. The bulbs are outfitted with a chip that modulates the light imperceptibly for optical data transmission. Li-Fi data is then transmitted by the LED bulbs and received by photoreceptors. The V2V communication via LI-FI is implemented by the standard microcontroller. Arduino uno is the microcontroller that governs the entire system. The data like distance, fire alert and an emergency contingency are solved by using ultrasonic sensor, gas sensor and buzzer and override emergency switch that upon activation alert the other vehicles. The system has high data rate and follows the 802.11bb protocol. The security of the data is also present. The vehicle to vehicle communication via Li-Fi is implemented through the Arduino uno microcontroller. The results include comparison between the Bluetooth system, the distance the vehicles are able to communicate, fire alert and an emergency contingency. The maximum distance is about 10cm by the ultrasonic sensor and the LCD displays to overtake or to maintain distance, the fire buzzer is activated in case of fire and LCD displays fire alert, in case of emergency the LCD displays Emergency alert and is able to give information to other vehicle.
A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna syste... more A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system has been carried out by determining the transmit diversity using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The transmission characteristics are determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) has been used presuming flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, linear equalization techniques such as Zero Forcing (ZF) were employed for computing the BER performance. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-4 , the SNR achieved are found to be significantly high. The results indicate SNR ~32dB for BPSK modulation, the SNR ~37dB for QPSK modulation and the SNR ~40dB for 16-QAM modulation over OFDM transmission. The MIMO-OFDM multiplexing schemes show a overall improvement of ~ 8 dB for BER values of 10-4 between 16-QAM modulation and BPSK modulation. Further a detailed comparison of the performance of OFDM multiplexing with STBC multiplexing for MIMO transmission shows large improvement in BER performance for OFDM with digital modulation. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJECE), 2014
A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems... more A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems has been carried out for different modulation schemes and multiplexing techniques using ML detector at the receiver end. The transmission characteristics of the MIMO system have been determined for BPSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM modulation schemes presuming Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and for the flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, Successive Interference Cancellation technique with Maximum Likelihood (ML-SIC) detectors has been employed for determining the BER Vs SNR performance of the communication channel. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-3 , the SNR increases with higher modulation schemes from BPSK to 16-QAM. Further the results of the analysis indicate that for BPSK modulation at BER of ~10-3 , the SNR performance for OSTBC multiplexing is found to be 14.39 dB, for CDMA multiplexing the SNR ~13.37 dB and for OFDM multiplexing the SNR ~12.54 dB. Thus the BER performance of 2X2 MIMO-OFDM transmission channel with ML detector shows the lowest SNR ~12.54 dB for the OFDM multiplexing. Further the MIMO-OFDM multiplexing system shows an ~2 dB and 1 dB improvement with respect to OSTBC and CDMA multiplexing techniques. A comparison of the MIMO performance with different multiplexing techniques indicate that the 2x2 MIMO-OFDM transmission channel for BPSK modulation depicts better performance with ML detector system at the receiving end. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2022
The recent digital revolution has resulted in more integration of robots than ever before in vari... more The recent digital revolution has resulted in more integration of robots than ever before in various domains such as agriculture, medicine, industry, military, police, and logistics. Autonomous robots are one of the most powerful fields. One of the most potent disciplines is autonomous robots. Numerous open-source communities, where the Raspberry Pi is primarily employed in multiutility or multi-functional robotic projects, would benefit from this. The robot formerly had both a GSM modem and a GPS receiver. A robotic system powered by a Raspberry Pi has been proposed to identify intruders and alert the control panel.
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), 2020
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication
comprises a wireless network where automobiles send
messag... more Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication comprises a wireless network where automobiles send messages to each other with information in real time. This data would include speeds, fire alert, crisis management, location, direction of travel, braking and loss of stability. The main concern of vehicle to vehicle communication technology via LI-FI is to eliminate costly and life- threatening traffic collisions. Li-Fi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to those currently in use in many energy-conscious homes and offices. The bulbs are outfitted with a chip that modulates the light imperceptibly for optical data transmission. Li-Fi data is then transmitted by the LED bulbs and received by photoreceptors. The V2V communication via LI-FI is implemented by the standard microcontroller. Arduino uno is the microcontroller that governs the entire system. The data like distance, fire alert and an emergency contingency are solved by using ultrasonic sensor, gas sensor and buzzer and override emergency switch that upon activation alert the other vehicles. The system has high data rate and follows the 802.11bb protocol. The security of the data is also present. The vehicle to vehicle communication via Li-Fi is implemented through the Arduino uno microcontroller. The results include comparison between the Bluetooth system, the distance the vehicles are able to communicate, fire alert and an emergency contingency. The maximum distance is about 10cm by the ultrasonic sensor and the LCD displays to overtake or to maintain distance, the fire buzzer is activated in case of fire and LCD displays fire alert, in case of emergency the LCD displays Emergency alert and is able to give information to other vehicle
Till date 5 years 14. Attended One week workshop on "Design & Simulation of passive RF circuits" ... more Till date 5 years 14. Attended One week workshop on "Design & Simulation of passive RF circuits" organized by the department of TCE, RVCE during 20 th to 25 th June 2016. 15. Attended One week workshop on "IEEE SWEBOK" organized by the department of CSE, RVCE during 11 th to 16 th July 2016. 16. Attended One week workshop on "IoT: Sensors to cloud analytics" organized by the department of CSE, RVCE during 18 th to 23 rd July 2016. 17. Attended five days workshop on "Teachers role, self esteem and motivation" organized by the department of ISE, RVCE during 28 th Nov. to 2 nd Dec. 2016. 18. Attended two days workshop on "RF Circuits Design for Wearable Devices" organized by the departments of ECE & TCE, on 27th and 28th Jan 2017, RVCE. 19. Attended four days workshop on "Biology for Engineers" organized by the department of Biotechnology, RVCE during 6 th Feb. to 9 th Feb. 2017. 20. Attended Three-day Faculty development program on "Network on chip interconnects for future multicore processors" organized by the dept. of ECE, PES University, held on 17 th-19 th July, 2017, Bengaluru. 21. Attended Two-day seminar on "Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT)" organized by the dept. of IEM, RVCE, Sponsored by AICTE, during 10 th-11 th November, 2017, Bengaluru. 22. Attended Two-day workshop on "Network on Chip (noC)" organized by the dept. of ECE & TCE, RVCE, during 18 th-19 th December, 2017, Bengaluru. 23. Attended 5 Days FDP on "Recent trends in LTE" Sponsored by VTU, RVCE and technically co-sponsored by IEEE from 29 th Jan. to 2 nd Feb. 2018. 24. Attended 6 Days FDP on "Network simulation (NS3) & Next generation mobile networks", organized by the department of computer science, Ramaiah Institute of Technology held on 23 rd to 28 th July 2018. 25. Attended One day workshop on "Keysight Education symposium" organized by M/s Keysight technologies India Pvt. Ltd., held in the Gateway Hotel, Bengaluru on 24 th September 2018. 26. Attended One day Pedagogy talk on" How the teacher in you can make our country proud",
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2014
A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems... more A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems has been carried out for three different types of detectors at the receiver end by determining the transmit diversity using OSTBC multiplexing techniques. The transmission characteristics of the MIMO system have been determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation schemes presuming Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and for the flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, equalization detection technique are determined by combining Successive Interference Cancellation with Zero Forcing (ZF-SIC), Minimum Mean Square Equalization (MMSE-SIC) and Maximum Likelihood (ML-SIC) has been employed for determining the BER Vs SNR performance of the communication channel. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-3 , the SNR increases with higher modulation schemes from BPSK to 16-QAM. Further the results of the analysis for different detector systems indicate that for BPSK modulation at BER ~10-3 , the SNR values are found to be ~24.46 dB for ZF-SIC, SNR ~20.6 dB for MMSE-SIC and SNR ~14.46 dB for ML-SIC detectors. Thus the BER performance of 2X2 MIMO-OSTBC transmission channel shows the reduction of SNR ~10 dB for ML detectors. A comparison of the MIMO performance with OSTBC multiplexing techniques indicate that the 2x2 MIMO-OSTBC transmission channel for BPSK modulation depicts better performance for OSTBC multiplexing with ML detector system at the receiving end. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
Journal of Engineering Research and Studies , 2011
A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna syste... more A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna systems has been carried out by determining the transmit diversity using Alamouti Space Time Block Coding (STBC) techniques. The transmission characteristics are determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) has been used presuming flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, linear equalization techniques such as Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) were employed for computing BER. It is found that to achieve BER values of 10-4 , for BPSK modulation the required SNR ~11dB, for QPSK modulation the SNR ~15dB and for 16-QAM modulation the SNR ~27dB for STBC transmission. The results indicate that the STBC multiplexing schemes show an overall improvement of ~12dB between 16-QAM and QPSK modulation. and 16dB improvement between 16-QAM modulation and BPSK modulation for the same BER values of 10-4. The STBC multiplexing for digital transmission shows significant improvement in BER performance with higher levels of digital modulation. The results derived from MATLAB simulations are presented and discussed in the paper.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST), 2015
A detailed study of the performance of MIMO-OFDM transmission on WLAN physical layer specified in... more A detailed study of the performance of MIMO-OFDM transmission on WLAN physical layer specified in IEEE 802.11n, Wi-MAX (IEEE 802.16-2009) physical layer specified in 802.16 and LTE downlink physical channel (PDSCH) has been carried out using MATLAB Simulink. The WLAN and Wi-MAX system incorporates Convolution coding with 1/2 and 2⁄3 rated codes. The LTE incorporates Turbo coding with 1/2 and 2/3 rated codes. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) accesses uses adaptive modulation technique such as QPSK,16-QAM and 64-QAM, on the physical layer of WLAN, Wi-MAX and LTE and the concept of cyclic prefix that adds additional bits at the transmitter end. The Error Rate (BER) derived from simulation results show that the implementation with interleaved Convolution coding and Turbo coding under QPSK modulation technique is found to be highly efficient for WLAN, Wi-MAX and LTE wireless network system. The Implementation of MIMO-OFDM multiplexing on WLAN networks with QPSK modulation at BER ~10-3 dB, exhibits significant improvement in SNR ~ 2.75 dB, Wi-MAX network SNR ~ 3.75 dB and LTE network SNR ~7.55 dB. The improvement of SNR ~4.8 dB displayed between the MIMO-OFDM implementation on WLAN and LTE network can be attributed to the Turbo coding techniques adopted in LTE networks.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2014
A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems... more A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems has been carried out for three different types of detectors at the receiver end by determining the transmit diversity using OSTBC multiplexing techniques. The transmission characteristics of the MIMO system have been determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation schemes presuming Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and for the flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, equalization detection technique are determined by combining Successive Interference Cancellation with Zero Forcing (ZF-SIC), Minimum Mean Square Equalization (MMSE-SIC) and Maximum Likelihood (ML-SIC) has been employed for determining the BER Vs SNR performance of the communication channel. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-3 , the SNR increases with higher modulation schemes from BPSK to 16-QAM. Further the results of the analysis for different detector systems indicate that for BPSK modulation at BER ~10-3 , the SNR values are found to be ~24.46 dB for ZF-SIC, SNR ~20.6 dB for MMSE-SIC and SNR ~14.46 dB for ML-SIC detectors. Thus the BER performance of 2X2 MIMO-OSTBC transmission channel shows the reduction of SNR ~10 dB for ML detectors. A comparison of the MIMO performance with OSTBC multiplexing techniques indicate that the 2x2 MIMO-OSTBC transmission channel for BPSK modulation depicts better performance for OSTBC multiplexing with ML detector system at the receiving end. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
The recent digital revolution has resulted in more integration of robots than ever before in vari... more The recent digital revolution has resulted in more integration of robots than ever before in various domains such as agriculture, medicine, industry, military, police, and logistics. Autonomous robots are one of the most powerful fields. One of the most potent disciplines is autonomous robots. Numerous open-source communities, where the Raspberry Pi is primarily employed in multiutility or multi-functional robotic projects, would benefit from this. The robot formerly had both a GSM modem and a GPS receiver. A robotic system powered by a Raspberry Pi has been proposed to identify intruders and alert the control panel.
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJECE), 2013
A combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequenc... more A combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as a promising solution for enhancing the performance of next generation wireless local area network (WLAN) systems.Because of the rapid growth of Digital Communication in recent years, the need for high speed data transmission is increased. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is suitable for high speed communication and it utilizes the bandwidth efficiently [1]. MIMO-OFDM is a combination of OFDM and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) techniques suitable for design of multiuser system and robust against channel impairments. In this paper we have implemented MIMO-OFDM for WLAN (IEEE802.11a) standard. This paper compares bit error rate (BER) performance of Simulink based MIMO-OFDM model for different modulation technique. Here we have used BPSK, QPSK and M-QAM modulation techniques.
International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE), 2016
Wireless technologies have blossomed in the recent decades. The large scale deployments of wirele... more Wireless technologies have blossomed in the recent decades. The large scale deployments of wireless networks have revolutionized the way people live, which brings a great deal of convenience and enjoyment to people. These days, people have become more and more dependent on these wireless technologies (i.e. Cellular technologies) but with great technologies there are also greater risks and threats. Therefore Encryptions are used in all standards to ensure the confidentiality of the data. Encryptions can be implemented in the different layers of a network protocol stack. Conventional encryption performs the bitwise XOR operation to generate one ciphertext. The proposed encryption scheme provide confidentialities on the user data by performing the phase encryption on the time domain OFDM samples in LTE system with reduced keysize. Phase encryption is performed on the modulated symbols. Therefore, first mathematical models for XOR and phase encryptions for OFDM based under different channel is found and then compare these two encryption methods in terms of their security and encryption efficiency. Finally, simulations is done to compare the performance of these two encryption scheme in terms of their decoding symbol error rate.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , 2012
This paper proposes design and
implementation of high throughput adaptive digital
filter. The F... more This paper proposes design and implementation of high throughput adaptive digital filter. The Filter structure is based on Fast Block LMS and Distributed Arithmetic (DA). With DA we can able to calculate inner product by shifting and accumulating of partial products and storing in Look up table, also the desired filter will be multiplier less. Thus DA based implementation of adaptive filter is highly computational, power and area efficient. DA based architecture map well to the today’s Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) architecture. FPGA results conforms that proposed DA based filter requires 50% less area and 50% less power than that of FBLMS.
International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2011
A detailed analysis of the performance of 4×4 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna syste... more A detailed analysis of the performance of 4×4 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system has been carried out using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The transmission characteristics are determined for BPSK and 16-QAM digital modulation. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) has been used for the channel. On the receiver side, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) receiver techniques have been employed for computing the BER performance. The simulation results show that, for BER of ~10-4 , the SNR achieved are significantly higher. The results indicate for BPSK modulation the SNR ~ 9 dB, and for 16-QAM modulation the SNR ~13 dB. The MIMO-OFDM multiplexing scheme show a overall improvement of ~ 4.0 dB for BER values of 10-4 between BPSK and 16-QAM modulation. A comparison of the performance of present MIMO-OFDM multiplexing system with MIMO-CDMA system and common MCMC receiver indicates that, the MIMO-OFDM Multiplexing exhibits a better BER performance for 16-QAM digital modulation. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna syste... more A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system has been carried out by determining the transmit diversity using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The transmission characteristics are determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) has been used presuming flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, linear equalization techniques such as Zero Forcing (ZF) were employed for computing the BER performance. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-4 , the SNR achieved are found to be significantly high. The results indicate SNR ~32dB for BPSK modulation, the SNR ~37dB for QPSK modulation and the SNR ~40dB for 16-QAM modulation over OFDM transmission. The MIMO-OFDM multiplexing schemes show a overall improvement of ~ 8 dB for BER values of 10-4 between 16-QAM modulation and BPSK modulation. Further a detailed comparison of the performance of OFDM multiplexing with STBC multiplexing for MIMO transmission shows large improvement in BER performance for OFDM with digital modulation. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2012
A Detailed Analysis Of 2×2 MIMO (Multiple Input
Multiple Output) Combined With OFDM (Orthogonal ... more A Detailed Analysis Of 2×2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Combined With OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Transmission System And BPSK Modulation Has Been Carried Out. The BER Performance Of The System Has Been Determined For Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Presuming Flat Fading Rayleigh Channel. On The Receiver Side Linear Equalization Techniques Such As Zero Force Equalizer (ZF) And Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Detectors Were Employed For Studying The BER Performance. The Simulation Results Show That For BER Of ~10-4 , The SNR Required Are ~34 Db For ZF Equalizer And ~31db For MMSE Equalizer. The Simulation Results Indicate That The MMSE Equalizer Shows Better Performance ~3 Db Over The ZF Equalizer. Further Comparison Of The 2X2 MIMO Performance Of OFDM With STBC Multiplexing Indicates Comparable BER Performances. The Simulation Results Are Presented And Discussed In The Paper
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), 2020
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication comprises a wireless network where automobiles send messag... more Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication comprises a wireless network where automobiles send messages to each other with information in real time. This data would include speeds, fire alert, crisis management, location, direction of travel, braking and loss of stability. The main concern of vehicle to vehicle communication technology via LI-FI is to eliminate costly and lifethreatening traffic collisions. Li-Fi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to those currently in use in many energy-conscious homes and offices. The bulbs are outfitted with a chip that modulates the light imperceptibly for optical data transmission. Li-Fi data is then transmitted by the LED bulbs and received by photoreceptors. The V2V communication via LI-FI is implemented by the standard microcontroller. Arduino uno is the microcontroller that governs the entire system. The data like distance, fire alert and an emergency contingency are solved by using ultrasonic sensor, gas sensor and buzzer and override emergency switch that upon activation alert the other vehicles. The system has high data rate and follows the 802.11bb protocol. The security of the data is also present. The vehicle to vehicle communication via Li-Fi is implemented through the Arduino uno microcontroller. The results include comparison between the Bluetooth system, the distance the vehicles are able to communicate, fire alert and an emergency contingency. The maximum distance is about 10cm by the ultrasonic sensor and the LCD displays to overtake or to maintain distance, the fire buzzer is activated in case of fire and LCD displays fire alert, in case of emergency the LCD displays Emergency alert and is able to give information to other vehicle.
A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna syste... more A detailed analysis of the performance of 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system has been carried out by determining the transmit diversity using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The transmission characteristics are determined for BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulation. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) has been used presuming flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, linear equalization techniques such as Zero Forcing (ZF) were employed for computing the BER performance. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-4 , the SNR achieved are found to be significantly high. The results indicate SNR ~32dB for BPSK modulation, the SNR ~37dB for QPSK modulation and the SNR ~40dB for 16-QAM modulation over OFDM transmission. The MIMO-OFDM multiplexing schemes show a overall improvement of ~ 8 dB for BER values of 10-4 between 16-QAM modulation and BPSK modulation. Further a detailed comparison of the performance of OFDM multiplexing with STBC multiplexing for MIMO transmission shows large improvement in BER performance for OFDM with digital modulation. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJECE), 2014
A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems... more A detail analysis of the performance of 2X2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna systems has been carried out for different modulation schemes and multiplexing techniques using ML detector at the receiver end. The transmission characteristics of the MIMO system have been determined for BPSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM modulation schemes presuming Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and for the flat fading Rayleigh channel. On the receiver side, Successive Interference Cancellation technique with Maximum Likelihood (ML-SIC) detectors has been employed for determining the BER Vs SNR performance of the communication channel. The simulation results show that for BER of ~10-3 , the SNR increases with higher modulation schemes from BPSK to 16-QAM. Further the results of the analysis indicate that for BPSK modulation at BER of ~10-3 , the SNR performance for OSTBC multiplexing is found to be 14.39 dB, for CDMA multiplexing the SNR ~13.37 dB and for OFDM multiplexing the SNR ~12.54 dB. Thus the BER performance of 2X2 MIMO-OFDM transmission channel with ML detector shows the lowest SNR ~12.54 dB for the OFDM multiplexing. Further the MIMO-OFDM multiplexing system shows an ~2 dB and 1 dB improvement with respect to OSTBC and CDMA multiplexing techniques. A comparison of the MIMO performance with different multiplexing techniques indicate that the 2x2 MIMO-OFDM transmission channel for BPSK modulation depicts better performance with ML detector system at the receiving end. The simulations results are presented and discussed in the paper.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2022
The recent digital revolution has resulted in more integration of robots than ever before in vari... more The recent digital revolution has resulted in more integration of robots than ever before in various domains such as agriculture, medicine, industry, military, police, and logistics. Autonomous robots are one of the most powerful fields. One of the most potent disciplines is autonomous robots. Numerous open-source communities, where the Raspberry Pi is primarily employed in multiutility or multi-functional robotic projects, would benefit from this. The robot formerly had both a GSM modem and a GPS receiver. A robotic system powered by a Raspberry Pi has been proposed to identify intruders and alert the control panel.
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), 2020
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication
comprises a wireless network where automobiles send
messag... more Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication comprises a wireless network where automobiles send messages to each other with information in real time. This data would include speeds, fire alert, crisis management, location, direction of travel, braking and loss of stability. The main concern of vehicle to vehicle communication technology via LI-FI is to eliminate costly and life- threatening traffic collisions. Li-Fi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to those currently in use in many energy-conscious homes and offices. The bulbs are outfitted with a chip that modulates the light imperceptibly for optical data transmission. Li-Fi data is then transmitted by the LED bulbs and received by photoreceptors. The V2V communication via LI-FI is implemented by the standard microcontroller. Arduino uno is the microcontroller that governs the entire system. The data like distance, fire alert and an emergency contingency are solved by using ultrasonic sensor, gas sensor and buzzer and override emergency switch that upon activation alert the other vehicles. The system has high data rate and follows the 802.11bb protocol. The security of the data is also present. The vehicle to vehicle communication via Li-Fi is implemented through the Arduino uno microcontroller. The results include comparison between the Bluetooth system, the distance the vehicles are able to communicate, fire alert and an emergency contingency. The maximum distance is about 10cm by the ultrasonic sensor and the LCD displays to overtake or to maintain distance, the fire buzzer is activated in case of fire and LCD displays fire alert, in case of emergency the LCD displays Emergency alert and is able to give information to other vehicle
Till date 5 years 14. Attended One week workshop on "Design & Simulation of passive RF circuits" ... more Till date 5 years 14. Attended One week workshop on "Design & Simulation of passive RF circuits" organized by the department of TCE, RVCE during 20 th to 25 th June 2016. 15. Attended One week workshop on "IEEE SWEBOK" organized by the department of CSE, RVCE during 11 th to 16 th July 2016. 16. Attended One week workshop on "IoT: Sensors to cloud analytics" organized by the department of CSE, RVCE during 18 th to 23 rd July 2016. 17. Attended five days workshop on "Teachers role, self esteem and motivation" organized by the department of ISE, RVCE during 28 th Nov. to 2 nd Dec. 2016. 18. Attended two days workshop on "RF Circuits Design for Wearable Devices" organized by the departments of ECE & TCE, on 27th and 28th Jan 2017, RVCE. 19. Attended four days workshop on "Biology for Engineers" organized by the department of Biotechnology, RVCE during 6 th Feb. to 9 th Feb. 2017. 20. Attended Three-day Faculty development program on "Network on chip interconnects for future multicore processors" organized by the dept. of ECE, PES University, held on 17 th-19 th July, 2017, Bengaluru. 21. Attended Two-day seminar on "Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT)" organized by the dept. of IEM, RVCE, Sponsored by AICTE, during 10 th-11 th November, 2017, Bengaluru. 22. Attended Two-day workshop on "Network on Chip (noC)" organized by the dept. of ECE & TCE, RVCE, during 18 th-19 th December, 2017, Bengaluru. 23. Attended 5 Days FDP on "Recent trends in LTE" Sponsored by VTU, RVCE and technically co-sponsored by IEEE from 29 th Jan. to 2 nd Feb. 2018. 24. Attended 6 Days FDP on "Network simulation (NS3) & Next generation mobile networks", organized by the department of computer science, Ramaiah Institute of Technology held on 23 rd to 28 th July 2018. 25. Attended One day workshop on "Keysight Education symposium" organized by M/s Keysight technologies India Pvt. Ltd., held in the Gateway Hotel, Bengaluru on 24 th September 2018. 26. Attended One day Pedagogy talk on" How the teacher in you can make our country proud",
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Papers by Bhagya R
implementation of high throughput adaptive digital
filter. The Filter structure is based on Fast Block
LMS and Distributed Arithmetic (DA). With DA
we can able to calculate inner product by shifting
and accumulating of partial products and storing
in Look up table, also the desired filter will be
multiplier less. Thus DA based implementation of
adaptive filter is highly computational, power and
area efficient. DA based architecture map well to
the today’s Field Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGA) architecture. FPGA results conforms that
proposed DA based filter requires 50% less area
and 50% less power than that of FBLMS.
Multiple Output) Combined With OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing) Transmission System And
BPSK Modulation Has Been Carried Out. The BER
Performance Of The System Has Been Determined For Additive
White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Presuming Flat Fading
Rayleigh Channel. On The Receiver Side Linear Equalization
Techniques Such As Zero Force Equalizer (ZF) And Minimum
Mean Square Error (MMSE) Detectors Were Employed For
Studying The BER Performance. The Simulation Results Show
That For BER Of ~10-4
, The SNR Required Are ~34 Db For ZF
Equalizer And ~31db For MMSE Equalizer. The Simulation
Results Indicate That The MMSE Equalizer Shows Better
Performance ~3 Db Over The ZF Equalizer. Further
Comparison Of The 2X2 MIMO Performance Of OFDM With
STBC Multiplexing Indicates Comparable BER Performances.
The Simulation Results Are Presented And Discussed In The
Paper
comprises a wireless network where automobiles send
messages to each other with information in real time. This
data would include speeds, fire alert, crisis management,
location, direction of travel, braking and loss of stability.
The main concern of vehicle to vehicle communication
technology via LI-FI is to eliminate costly and life-
threatening traffic collisions. Li-Fi is designed to use LED
light bulbs similar to those currently in use in many
energy-conscious homes and offices. The bulbs are
outfitted with a chip that modulates the light
imperceptibly for optical data transmission. Li-Fi data is
then transmitted by the LED bulbs and received by
photoreceptors. The V2V communication via LI-FI is
implemented by the standard microcontroller. Arduino
uno is the microcontroller that governs the entire system.
The data like distance, fire alert and an emergency
contingency are solved by using ultrasonic sensor, gas
sensor and buzzer and override emergency switch that
upon activation alert the other vehicles. The system has
high data rate and follows the 802.11bb protocol. The
security of the data is also present. The vehicle to vehicle
communication via Li-Fi is implemented through the
Arduino uno microcontroller. The results include
comparison between the Bluetooth system, the distance
the vehicles are able to communicate, fire alert and an
emergency contingency. The maximum distance is about
10cm by the ultrasonic sensor and the LCD displays to
overtake or to maintain distance, the fire buzzer is
activated in case of fire and LCD displays fire alert, in case
of emergency the LCD displays Emergency alert and is
able to give information to other vehicle
implementation of high throughput adaptive digital
filter. The Filter structure is based on Fast Block
LMS and Distributed Arithmetic (DA). With DA
we can able to calculate inner product by shifting
and accumulating of partial products and storing
in Look up table, also the desired filter will be
multiplier less. Thus DA based implementation of
adaptive filter is highly computational, power and
area efficient. DA based architecture map well to
the today’s Field Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGA) architecture. FPGA results conforms that
proposed DA based filter requires 50% less area
and 50% less power than that of FBLMS.
Multiple Output) Combined With OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing) Transmission System And
BPSK Modulation Has Been Carried Out. The BER
Performance Of The System Has Been Determined For Additive
White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Presuming Flat Fading
Rayleigh Channel. On The Receiver Side Linear Equalization
Techniques Such As Zero Force Equalizer (ZF) And Minimum
Mean Square Error (MMSE) Detectors Were Employed For
Studying The BER Performance. The Simulation Results Show
That For BER Of ~10-4
, The SNR Required Are ~34 Db For ZF
Equalizer And ~31db For MMSE Equalizer. The Simulation
Results Indicate That The MMSE Equalizer Shows Better
Performance ~3 Db Over The ZF Equalizer. Further
Comparison Of The 2X2 MIMO Performance Of OFDM With
STBC Multiplexing Indicates Comparable BER Performances.
The Simulation Results Are Presented And Discussed In The
Paper
comprises a wireless network where automobiles send
messages to each other with information in real time. This
data would include speeds, fire alert, crisis management,
location, direction of travel, braking and loss of stability.
The main concern of vehicle to vehicle communication
technology via LI-FI is to eliminate costly and life-
threatening traffic collisions. Li-Fi is designed to use LED
light bulbs similar to those currently in use in many
energy-conscious homes and offices. The bulbs are
outfitted with a chip that modulates the light
imperceptibly for optical data transmission. Li-Fi data is
then transmitted by the LED bulbs and received by
photoreceptors. The V2V communication via LI-FI is
implemented by the standard microcontroller. Arduino
uno is the microcontroller that governs the entire system.
The data like distance, fire alert and an emergency
contingency are solved by using ultrasonic sensor, gas
sensor and buzzer and override emergency switch that
upon activation alert the other vehicles. The system has
high data rate and follows the 802.11bb protocol. The
security of the data is also present. The vehicle to vehicle
communication via Li-Fi is implemented through the
Arduino uno microcontroller. The results include
comparison between the Bluetooth system, the distance
the vehicles are able to communicate, fire alert and an
emergency contingency. The maximum distance is about
10cm by the ultrasonic sensor and the LCD displays to
overtake or to maintain distance, the fire buzzer is
activated in case of fire and LCD displays fire alert, in case
of emergency the LCD displays Emergency alert and is
able to give information to other vehicle