Papers by Julia Wągrowska
Annals of Psychology, 2022
The aim of two preliminary studies reported in the article was to identify the main reasons for c... more The aim of two preliminary studies reported in the article was to identify the main reasons for crying and to create a set of situational vignettes that would refer to specific situations or events that potentially can make people cry. In Study 1 (n = 61), we asked participants to list six general reasons behind crying. In Study 2 (n = 70), participants were asked to identify specific situations in which people shed emotion-related tears. As a result, we selected a set of 34 situational vignettes. Each of them is a short and gender-neutral description of a specific emotional reason that can make people cry and is related to one of the following basic emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, or fear. The vignettes can be used to manipulate the emotional basis of tears in experimental research.
Emotion, 2022
Research on the effect of emotional tears on perceived competence has yielded an inconsistent pat... more Research on the effect of emotional tears on perceived competence has yielded an inconsistent pattern of findings, with some studies showing that tearful individuals may be perceived as less competent, while others report no such effect. These mixed results point to the likely existence of third variables influencing the link between tears and perceived competence and suggest that crying may affect competence only in specific circumstances. In the current project, we reexamine this link using a large, openly available dataset of responses to tearful faces collected across 41 countries and 7,007 participants (Zickfeld et al., 2021). Our results show that tears have no general effect on perceptions of competence but do reduce competence when crying is regarded as inappropriate (e.g., there is no clear reason for shedding tears) or when the target is perceived as helpless. Moreover, shedding tears increases competence when the target is perceived as honest. As emotional tears have been found to signal both helplessness and honesty, the interplay of these effects might result in no overall effect of tears on perceptions of competence. The present findings suggest that the link between emotional tears and perceived competence is highly context dependent.
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2020
The process of adaptation to professional career remains an important issue, especially in the do... more The process of adaptation to professional career remains an important issue, especially in the domain of professional consultancy. This article aims at the analysis of the relationships between the occupational themes, the ambiguity tolerance level in career decisions and the style of coping with career decision-making difficulties. The study covered 227 students. The participants were assigned occupational themes according to the results obtained from a Multifaceted Occupational Preferences Assessment questionnaire. They have been analysed for the diversity in terms of ambiguity tolerance in career decision-making (Career Decisions Ambiguity Tolerance questionnaire) and the styles of coping with difficulties in career decisions (Coping with Career Decision-making Difficulties questionnaire). It has been established that sex is not related to the aforesaid personality dispositions. Persons with the social occupational theme seek social support more often than persons categorised as other types; the artistic theme is most closely connected with the unproductive coping style, while persons categorised as enterprising exhibit the opposite tendency. Furthermore, a correlation between the ambiguity tolerance and the productive coping style in career decisions has been noted.
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Papers by Julia Wągrowska